Evaluation of NorESM-OC (versions 1 and 1.2), the ocean carbon-cycle stand-alone configuration of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1)

Schwinger, Jorg; Goris, Nadine; Tjiputra, Jerry F.; Kriest, Iris; Bentsen, Mats; Bethke, Ingo; Ilicak, Mehmet; Assmann, Karen M.; Heinze, Christoph

doi:10.5194/gmd-9-2589-2016

Title: Evaluation of NorESM-OC (versions 1 and 1.2), the ocean carbon-cycle stand-alone configuration of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1)

Journal Article · Tue Aug 02 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Geoscientific Model Development (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2589-2016· OSTI ID:1375729

Schwinger, Jorg ^[1]; Goris, Nadine ^[1]; Tjiputra, Jerry F. ^[1]; Kriest, Iris ^[2]; Bentsen, Mats ^[1]; Bethke, Ingo ^[1]; Ilicak, Mehmet ^[1]; Assmann, Karen M. ^[3]; Heinze, Christoph ^[4]

Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen (Norway)
GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Ozeanforschung, Kiel (Germany)
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen (Norway); Univ. of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (Sweden)
Univ. of Bergen, Bergen (Norway); Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen (Norway)

Idealised and hindcast simulations performed with the stand-alone ocean carbon-cycle configuration of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM-OC) are described and evaluated. We present simulation results of three different model configurations (two different model versions at different grid resolutions) using two different atmospheric forcing data sets. Model version NorESM-OC1 corresponds to the version that is included in the NorESM-ME1 fully coupled model, which participated in CMIP5. The main update between NorESM-OC1 and NorESM-OC1.2 is the addition of two new options for the treatment of sinking particles. We find that using a constant sinking speed, which has been the standard in NorESM's ocean carbon cycle module HAMOCC (HAMburg Ocean Carbon Cycle model), does not transport enough particulate organic carbon (POC) into the deep ocean below approximately 2000 m depth. The two newly implemented parameterisations, a particle aggregation scheme with prognostic sinking speed, and a simpler scheme that uses a linear increase in the sinking speed with depth, provide better agreement with observed POC fluxes. Additionally, reduced deep ocean biases of oxygen and remineralised phosphate indicate a better performance of the new parameterisations. For model version 1.2, a re-tuning of the ecosystem parameterisation has been performed, which (i) reduces previously too high primary production at high latitudes, (ii) consequently improves model results for surface nutrients, and (iii) reduces alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon biases at low latitudes. We use hindcast simulations with prescribed observed and constant (pre-industrial) atmospheric CO₂ concentrations to derive the past and contemporary ocean carbon sink. As a result, for the period 1990–1999 we find an average ocean carbon uptake ranging from 2.01 to 2.58 Pg C yr^-1 depending on model version, grid resolution, and atmospheric forcing data set.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI ID:: 1375729

Journal Information:: Geoscientific Model Development (Online), Vol. 9, Issue 8; ISSN 1991-9603

Publisher:: European Geosciences UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Optimising assimilation of sea ice concentration in an Earth system model with a multicategory sea ice model Kimmritz, M.; Counillon, F.; Bitz, C. M. Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, Vol. 70, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1435945	journal	January 2018
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Reviews and syntheses: parameter identification in marine planktonic ecosystem modelling Schartau, Markus; Wallhead, Philip; Hemmings, John Biogeosciences, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1647-2017	journal	January 2017
A Model-Based Evaluation of the Inverse Gaussian Transit-Time Distribution Method for Inferring Anthropogenic Carbon Storage in the Ocean He, Yan-Chun; Tjiputra, Jerry; Langehaug, Helene R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 123, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jc013504	journal	March 2018
Description and evaluation of NorESM1-F: a fast version of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) Guo, Chuncheng; Bentsen, Mats; Bethke, Ingo Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-343-2019	journal	January 2019
Global carbon budget 2019 Pierre, Friedlingstein,; W., Jones, Matthew; Michael, O'Sullivan, ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000385668	text	January 2019
Global Carbon Budget 2016 Le Quéré, Corinne; Andrew, Robbie M.; Canadell, Josep G. Earth System Science Data, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-605-2016	journal	January 2016
Global Carbon Budget 2017 Le Quéré, C.; Andrew, R. M.; Friedlingstein, P. Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000081380	text	January 2018
Global Carbon Budget 2018 Le Quéré, Corinne; Andrew, Robbie M.; Friedlingstein, Pierre Copernicus Publications https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.141541	text	January 2018
Reviews and syntheses: Parameter identification in marine planktonic ecosystem modelling Schartau, Markus; Wallhead, Philip; Hemmings, John Biogeosciences Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2016-242	posted_content	June 2016
Global carbon budget 2019 Friedlingstein, P.; Jones, M. W.; O’Sullivan, M. Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000104785	text	January 2019
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Global Carbon Budget 2016 Le Quéré, Corinne; Andrew, Robbie M.; Canadell, Josep G. Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000064314	text	January 2016
Global Carbon Budget 2019 Friedlingstein, Pierre; Jones, Matthew W.; Michael, O&Apos;Sullivan, Copernicus Publications https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.141543	text	January 2019
Global Carbon Budget 2016 Jain, Atul K.; Doney, Scott C.; Schwinger, Jörg Copernicus Publications https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.99520	text	January 2016
Evaluating the biological pump efficiency of the Last Glacial Maximum ocean using d13C Morée, Anne Lien; Schwinger, Jörg; Ninnemann, Ulysses S. Copernicus Publications https://doi.org/10.48350/156102	text	January 2021
Amplification of global warming through pH dependence of DMS production simulated with a fully coupled Earth system model Schwinger, Jörg; Tjiputra, Jerry; Goris, Nadine Biogeosciences, Vol. 14, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3633-2017	journal	January 2017
Variable particle size distributions reduce the sensitivity of global export flux to climate change Leung, Shirley W.; Weber, Thomas; Cram, Jacob A. Biogeosciences, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-229-2021	journal	January 2021
Microstructure and composition of marine aggregates as co-determinants for vertical particulate organic carbon transfer in the global ocean Maerz, Joeran; Six, Katharina D.; Stemmler, Irene Biogeosciences Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-378	posted_content	September 2019
Global Carbon Budget 2020 Friedlingstein, Pierre; O'Sullivan, Michael; Jones, Matthew W. Earth System Science Data, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020	journal	January 2020
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Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations Seland, Øyvind; Bentsen, Mats; Olivié, Dirk Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 13, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020	journal	January 2020

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