Differentiating Ferroelectric and Nonferroelectric Electromechanical Effects with Scanning Probe Microscopy

Balke, Nina; Maksymovych, Petro; Jesse, Stephen; Herklotz, Andreas; Tselev, Alexander; Eom, Chang-Beom; Kravchenko, Ivan I.; Yu, Pu; Kalinin, Sergei V.

doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b02227

Title: Differentiating Ferroelectric and Nonferroelectric Electromechanical Effects with Scanning Probe Microscopy

Journal Article · Tue Jun 02 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · ACS Nano

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b02227· OSTI ID:1265570

Balke, Nina ^[1]; Maksymovych, Petro ^[1]; Jesse, Stephen ^[1]; Herklotz, Andreas ^[2]; Tselev, Alexander ^[1]; Eom, Chang-Beom ^[3]; Kravchenko, Ivan I. ^[4]; Yu, Pu ^[5]; Kalinin, Sergei V. ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Inst. for Functional Imaging of Materials
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Materials Science and Engineering
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). State Key Lab. of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics. Dept. of Physics; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing (China); RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako (Japan)

Ferroelectricity in functional materials remains one of the most fascinating areas of modern science in the past several decades. In the last several years, the rapid development of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and spectroscopy revealed the presence of electromechanical hysteresis loops and bias-induced remnant polar states in a broad variety of materials including many inorganic oxides, polymers, and biosystems. In many cases, this behavior was interpreted as the ample evidence for ferroelectric nature of the system. Here, we systematically analyze PFM responses on ferroelectric and nonferroelectric materials and demonstrate that mechanisms unrelated to ferroelectricity can induce ferroelectric-like characteristics through charge injection and electrostatic forces on the tip. In this paper, we will focus on similarities and differences in various PFM measurement characteristics to provide an experimental guideline to differentiate between ferroelectric material properties and charge injection. In conclusion, we apply the developed measurement protocols to an unknown ferroelectric material.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Basic Research Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1265570

Journal Information:: ACS Nano, Vol. 9, Issue 6; ISSN 1936-0851

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 207 works

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Investigation of ferrimagnetism and ferroelectricity in Al _x Fe _2−x O ₃ thin films Rao, Badari Narayana; Yasui, Shintaro; Katayama, Tsukasa Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05390e	journal	January 2020
Quantification of in-contact probe-sample electrostatic forces with dynamic atomic force microscopy Balke, Nina; Jesse, Stephen; Carmichael, Ben Nanotechnology, Vol. 28, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aa5370	journal	January 2017
Effect of epitaxial strain and vacancies on the ferroelectric-like response of CaTiO ₃ thin films Sarantopoulos, A.; Ong, Wee-Liat; Malen, Jonathan A. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5053857	journal	October 2018
Electroresistance of Pt/BaTiO ₃ /LaNiO ₃ ferroelectric tunnel junctions and its dependence on BaTiO ₃ thickness Wang, Xi; Wu, Ming; Wei, Fansen Materials Research Express, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aafae0	journal	January 2019
Determination of ferroelectric contributions to electromechanical response by frequency dependent piezoresponse force microscopy Seol, Daehee; Park, Seongjae; Varenyk, Olexandr V. Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30579	journal	July 2016
Accurate electromechanical characterization of soft molecular monolayers using piezo force microscopy Miller, Nathaniel C.; Grimm, Haley M.; Horne, W. Seth Nanoscale Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9na00638a	journal	January 2019
Ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity in soft biological tissue: Porcine aortic walls revisited Lenz, Thomas; Hummel, Regina; Katsouras, Ilias Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998228	journal	September 2017
A new technique based on current measurement for nanoscale ferroelectricity assessment: Nano-positive up negative down Martin, Simon; Baboux, Nicolas; Albertini, David Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 88, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4974953	journal	February 2017
Scaling Effects in Perovskite Ferroelectrics: Fundamental Limits and Process-Structure-Property Relations Ihlefeld, Jon F.; Harris, David T.; Keech, Ryan Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 99, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.14387	journal	July 2016
Ion movement in thin Nafion films under an applied electric field Dugger, Jason W.; Collins, Liam; Welbourn, Rebecca J. L. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5042211	journal	September 2018
Ionic Gating of Ultrathin and Leaky Ferroelectrics Sharma, Yogesh; Wong, Anthony T.; Herklotz, Andreas Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201801723	journal	January 2019
Phase-field simulations of surface charge-induced polarization switching Liu, Di; Zhao, Ru; Jafri, Hasnain Mehdi Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5083126	journal	March 2019
Accurate Electromechanical Characterization of Soft Molecular Monolayers using Piezo Force Microscopy Miller, Nathaniel; Grimm, Haley; Horne, Seth https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.8199263.v2	preprint	October 2019
The influence of the local oxygen vacancy concentration on the piezoresponse of strontium titanate thin films Andrä, Michael; Gunkel, Felix; Bäumer, Christoph RWTH Aachen University https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2015-05742	text	January 2015
Accurate Electromechanical Characterization of Soft Molecular Monolayers using Piezo Force Microscopy Miller, Nathaniel; Grimm, Haley; Horne, Seth https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.8199263.v1	preprint	May 2019
Aligning in-plane polarization multiplies piezoresponse in P(VDF-TrFE) films on graphite Roth, Robert; Koch, Martin; Schaab, Jakob ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000303831	text	January 2018
Quantification of surface displacements and electromechanical phenomena via dynamic atomic force microscopy Balke, Nina; Jesse, Stephen; Yu, Pu arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1603.07203	text	January 2016
Ferroelectric or non-ferroelectric: why so many materials exhibit ferroelectricity on the nanoscale Vasudevan, Rama K.; Balke, Nina; Maksymovych, Peter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1701.01128	preprint	January 2017
Giant Electroresistance in Ferroionic Tunnel Junctions Li, Jiankun; Li, Ning; Ge, Chen iScience, Vol. 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.043	journal	June 2019
Tunable Ferroelectricity in Ruddlesden–Popper Halide Perovskites Zhang, Qiannan; Solanki, Ankur; Parida, Kaushik ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 11, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b21579	journal	March 2019
Room temperature ferroelectricity in fluoroperovskite thin films Yang, Ming; Kc, Amit; Garcia-Castro, A. C. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07834-0	journal	August 2017
Super-resolution and signal separation in contact Kelvin probe force microscopy of electrochemically active ferroelectric materials Ziatdinov, Maxim; Kim, Dohyung; Neumayer, Sabine arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2002.03591	text	January 2020

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