Tuning nonequilibrium phase transitions with inertia
Abstract
In striking contrast to equilibrium systems, inertia can profoundly alter the structure of active systems. Here, we demonstrate that driven systems can exhibit effective equilibrium-like states with increasing particle inertia, despite rigorously violating the fluctuation–dissipation theorem. Increasing inertia progressively eliminates motility-induced phase separation and restores equilibrium crystallization for active Brownian spheres. This effect appears to be general for a wide class of active systems, including those driven by deterministic time-dependent external fields, whose nonequilibrium patterns ultimately disappear with increasing inertia. The path to this effective equilibrium limit can be complex, with finite inertia sometimes acting to accentuate nonequilibrium transitions. The restoration of near equilibrium statistics can be understood through the conversion of active momentum sources to passive-like stresses. Unlike truly equilibrium systems, the effective temperature is now density dependent, the only remnant of the nonequilibrium dynamics. Further, this density-dependent temperature can in principle introduce departures from equilibrium expectations, particularly in response to strong gradients. Our results provide additional insight into the effective temperature ansatz while revealing a mechanism to tune nonequilibrium phase transitions.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[1];
[4]
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division (CSGB); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 2229710
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1957684
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; CBET-1803662
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Chemical Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 158; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-9606
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Phase transitions; Nonequilibrium thermodynamics; Rotational dynamics; Polarization; Gas liquid interfaces; Sphere packings; Constitutive relations; Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics; Stochastic processes
Citation Formats
Omar, Ahmad K., Klymko, Katherine, GrandPre, Trevor, Geissler, Phillip L., and Brady, John F. Tuning nonequilibrium phase transitions with inertia. United States: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1063/5.0138256.
Omar, Ahmad K., Klymko, Katherine, GrandPre, Trevor, Geissler, Phillip L., & Brady, John F. Tuning nonequilibrium phase transitions with inertia. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0138256
Omar, Ahmad K., Klymko, Katherine, GrandPre, Trevor, Geissler, Phillip L., and Brady, John F. Fri .
"Tuning nonequilibrium phase transitions with inertia". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0138256. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2229710.
@article{osti_2229710,
title = {Tuning nonequilibrium phase transitions with inertia},
author = {Omar, Ahmad K. and Klymko, Katherine and GrandPre, Trevor and Geissler, Phillip L. and Brady, John F.},
abstractNote = {In striking contrast to equilibrium systems, inertia can profoundly alter the structure of active systems. Here, we demonstrate that driven systems can exhibit effective equilibrium-like states with increasing particle inertia, despite rigorously violating the fluctuation–dissipation theorem. Increasing inertia progressively eliminates motility-induced phase separation and restores equilibrium crystallization for active Brownian spheres. This effect appears to be general for a wide class of active systems, including those driven by deterministic time-dependent external fields, whose nonequilibrium patterns ultimately disappear with increasing inertia. The path to this effective equilibrium limit can be complex, with finite inertia sometimes acting to accentuate nonequilibrium transitions. The restoration of near equilibrium statistics can be understood through the conversion of active momentum sources to passive-like stresses. Unlike truly equilibrium systems, the effective temperature is now density dependent, the only remnant of the nonequilibrium dynamics. Further, this density-dependent temperature can in principle introduce departures from equilibrium expectations, particularly in response to strong gradients. Our results provide additional insight into the effective temperature ansatz while revealing a mechanism to tune nonequilibrium phase transitions.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0138256},
journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
number = 7,
volume = 158,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Feb 17 00:00:00 EST 2023},
month = {Fri Feb 17 00:00:00 EST 2023}
}
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