Nonequilibrium Fixed Points of Coupled Ising Models
Abstract
Driven-dissipative systems are expected to give rise to nonequilibrium phenomena that are absent in their equilibrium counterparts. However, phase transitions in these systems generically exhibit an effectively classical equilibrium behavior in spite of their nonequilibrium origin. In this paper, we show that multicritical points in such systems lead to a rich and genuinely nonequilibrium behavior. Specifically, we investigate a driven-dissipative model of interacting bosons that possesses two distinct phase transitions: one from a high- to a low-density phase—reminiscent of a liquid-gas transition—and another to an antiferromagnetic phase. Each phase transition is described by the Ising universality class characterized by an (emergent or microscopic) Z2 symmetry. However, they coalesce at a multicritical point, giving rise to a nonequilibrium model of coupled Ising-like order parameters described by a Z2 × Z2 symmetry. Using a dynamical renormalization-group approach, we show that a pair of nonequilibrium fixed points (NEFPs) emerge that govern the long-distance critical behavior of the system. We elucidate various exotic features of these NEFPs. In particular, we show that a generic continuous scale invariance at criticality is reduced to a discrete scale invariance. This further results in complex-valued critical exponents and spiraling phase boundaries, and it is also accompanied by amore »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1601064
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1803525
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0019449; SC0019040
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review. X
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Physical Review. X Journal Volume: 10 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2160-3308
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; Physics
Citation Formats
Young, Jeremy T., Gorshkov, Alexey V., Foss-Feig, Michael, and Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Nonequilibrium Fixed Points of Coupled Ising Models. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.10.011039.
Young, Jeremy T., Gorshkov, Alexey V., Foss-Feig, Michael, & Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Nonequilibrium Fixed Points of Coupled Ising Models. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.011039
Young, Jeremy T., Gorshkov, Alexey V., Foss-Feig, Michael, and Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Wed .
"Nonequilibrium Fixed Points of Coupled Ising Models". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.011039.
@article{osti_1601064,
title = {Nonequilibrium Fixed Points of Coupled Ising Models},
author = {Young, Jeremy T. and Gorshkov, Alexey V. and Foss-Feig, Michael and Maghrebi, Mohammad F.},
abstractNote = {Driven-dissipative systems are expected to give rise to nonequilibrium phenomena that are absent in their equilibrium counterparts. However, phase transitions in these systems generically exhibit an effectively classical equilibrium behavior in spite of their nonequilibrium origin. In this paper, we show that multicritical points in such systems lead to a rich and genuinely nonequilibrium behavior. Specifically, we investigate a driven-dissipative model of interacting bosons that possesses two distinct phase transitions: one from a high- to a low-density phase—reminiscent of a liquid-gas transition—and another to an antiferromagnetic phase. Each phase transition is described by the Ising universality class characterized by an (emergent or microscopic) Z2 symmetry. However, they coalesce at a multicritical point, giving rise to a nonequilibrium model of coupled Ising-like order parameters described by a Z2 × Z2 symmetry. Using a dynamical renormalization-group approach, we show that a pair of nonequilibrium fixed points (NEFPs) emerge that govern the long-distance critical behavior of the system. We elucidate various exotic features of these NEFPs. In particular, we show that a generic continuous scale invariance at criticality is reduced to a discrete scale invariance. This further results in complex-valued critical exponents and spiraling phase boundaries, and it is also accompanied by a complex Liouvillian gap even close to the phase transition. As direct evidence of the nonequilibrium nature of the NEFPs, we show that the fluctuation-dissipation relation is violated at all scales, leading to an effective temperature that becomes “hotter” and “hotter” at longer and longer wavelengths. Finally, we argue that this nonequilibrium behavior can be observed in cavity arrays with cross-Kerr nonlinearities.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevX.10.011039},
journal = {Physical Review. X},
number = 1,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Feb 19 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Wed Feb 19 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
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