Review—(Mn,Co)3O4-Based Spinels for SOFC Interconnect Coating Application

Zhu, J. H.; Chesson, D. A.; Yu, Y. T.

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac3a29

Title: Review—(Mn,Co)₃O₄-Based Spinels for SOFC Interconnect Coating Application

Abstract

With the reduction of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating temperature to the range of 600 °C–800 °C, Cr-containing ferritic alloys have become the preferred interconnect material, which unfortunately are susceptible to continuous scale growth and Cr volatility at the SOFC operating temperatures. The (Mn,Co)₃O₄ spinel system is widely regarded as the most effective coating for SOFC interconnect protection, due to its high thermal and electrical conductivity, adequate coefficient of thermal expansion, and excellent Cr blocking capability. This article reviews the physical and chemical properties of the (Mn,Co)₃O₄-based spinels; different types of coating precursors and deposition techniques; and the effects of spinel composition, quality and thickness on the coating performance. Furthermore, it is concluded that the spinel coating composition, quality, and thickness are more critical than the coating process in affecting the overall coating performance.

Authors:

Zhu, J. H. ^[1];

^[1]; Yu, Y. T. ^[1]

Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Nov 29 00:00:00 EST 2021

Research Org.:: Tennessee Technological Univ., Cookeville, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1989857

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1980861

Grant/Contract Number:: FE0031187; CMMI-1362680

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 168; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION; 08 HYDROGEN; Electrochemistry; Materials Science

Citation Formats


                    Zhu, J. H., Chesson, D. A., and Yu, Y. T. Review—(Mn,Co)3O4-Based Spinels for SOFC Interconnect Coating Application.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac3a29.

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                    Zhu, J. H., Chesson, D. A., & Yu, Y. T. Review—(Mn,Co)3O4-Based Spinels for SOFC Interconnect Coating Application.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac3a29

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                    Zhu, J. H., Chesson, D. A., and Yu, Y. T. Mon .  
"Review—(Mn,Co)3O4-Based Spinels for SOFC Interconnect Coating Application".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac3a29.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1989857.

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@article{osti_1989857,

  title        = {Review—(Mn,Co)3O4-Based Spinels for SOFC Interconnect Coating Application},

  author       = {Zhu, J. H. and Chesson, D. A. and Yu, Y. T.},

  abstractNote = {With the reduction of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating temperature to the range of 600 °C–800 °C, Cr-containing ferritic alloys have become the preferred interconnect material, which unfortunately are susceptible to continuous scale growth and Cr volatility at the SOFC operating temperatures. The (Mn,Co)3O4 spinel system is widely regarded as the most effective coating for SOFC interconnect protection, due to its high thermal and electrical conductivity, adequate coefficient of thermal expansion, and excellent Cr blocking capability. This article reviews the physical and chemical properties of the (Mn,Co)3O4-based spinels; different types of coating precursors and deposition techniques; and the effects of spinel composition, quality and thickness on the coating performance. Furthermore, it is concluded that the spinel coating composition, quality, and thickness are more critical than the coating process in affecting the overall coating performance.},

  doi          = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac3a29},

  journal      = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 168,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Nov 29 00:00:00 EST 2021},

  month        = {Mon Nov 29 00:00:00 EST 2021}

}

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Multifunctional Nano-Coatings for SOFC Interconnects
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Froitzheim, Jan; Svensson, Jan-Erik
ECS Transactions, Vol. 35, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1149/1.3570248

Long-term oxidation behavior of spinel-coated ferritic stainless steel for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications
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Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 180, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.01.097

Selection of cathode contact materials for solid oxide fuel cells
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Tucker, Michael C.; Cheng, Lei; DeJonghe, Lutgard C.
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 196, Issue 20
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.06.044

Avoiding chromium transport from stainless steel interconnects into contact layers and oxygen electrodes in intermediate temperature solid oxide electrolysis stacks
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Schlupp, Meike V. F.; Kim, Ji Woo; Brevet, Aude
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 270
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.094

Impedance spectroscopy of the oxide films formed during high temperature oxidation of a cobalt-plated ferritic alloy
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Velraj, S.; Zhu, J. H.; Painter, A. S.
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 247
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.120

Ex-situ experimental benchmarking of solid oxide fuel cell metal interconnects
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Bianco, Manuel; Tallgren, Johan; Hong, Jong-Eun
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 437
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Chromium Vapor Species over Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnect Materials and Their Potential for Degradation Processes
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The Influence of Cr Evaporation on Long Term Cr Depletion Rates in Ferritic Stainless Steels
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Oxidation of Metals, Vol. 84, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1007/s11085-015-9552-5

Evaluation of the oxidation and Cr evaporation properties of selected FeCr alloys used as SOFC interconnects
journal, November 2013

Sachitanand, Rakshith; Sattari, Mohammad; Svensson, Jan-Erik
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 38, Issue 35
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.09.044

Chromium Vaporization from High-Temperature Alloys
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Stanislowski, M.; Wessel, E.; Hilpert, K.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 154, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1149/1.2434690

The effect of temperature on chromium vaporization and oxide scale growth on interconnect steels for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
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Oxidation Behavior and Chromium Evaporation From Fe and Ni Base Alloys Under SOFC Systems Operation Conditions
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Aphale, Ashish N.; Hu, Boxun; Reisert, Michael
JOM, Vol. 71, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-018-3188-2

Chromium Poisoning of Perovskite Cathodes by the ODS Alloy Cr5Fe1Y[sub 2]O[sub 3] and the High Chromium Ferritic Steel Crofer22APU
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Konysheva, E.; Penkalla, H.; Wessel, E.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 153, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1149/1.2172563

Reduction of chromium vaporization from SOFC interconnectors by highly effective coatings
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Stanislowski, M.; Froitzheim, J.; Niewolak, L.
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 164, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.08.013

Investigation of Chromium Volatilization from FeCr Interconnects by a Denuder Technique
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Froitzheim, J.; Ravash, H.; Larsson, E.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 157, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1149/1.3462987

Method for Measuring Chromium Evaporation from SOFC Balance-of-Plant Components
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Thomann, O.; Pihlatie, M.; Schuler, J. A.
Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1149/2.022203esl

Long term study of Cr evaporation and high temperature corrosion behaviour of Co coated ferritic steel for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects
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Froitzheim, J.; Canovic, S.; Nikumaa, M.
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 220
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.092

An Electrochemical Method to Assess the Chromium Volatility of Chromia-Forming Metallic Interconnect for SOFCs
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Jiang, San Ping; Zhen, Y. D.; Zhang, Sam
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 153, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1149/1.2345585

Investigation of MnCu0.5Co1.5O4 spinel coated SUS430 interconnect alloy for preventing chromium vaporization in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell
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Li, Jun; Xiong, Chunyan; Li, Jin
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 42, Issue 26
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.05.074

Review of Relationship Between Particle Deformation, Coating Microstructure, and Properties in High-Pressure Cold Spray
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Srikanth, Akella; Mohammed Thalib Basha, G.; Venkateshwarlu, B.
Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 22
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Life prediction of coated and uncoated metallic interconnect for solid oxide fuel cell applications
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Lifetime prediction for manganese cobalt spinel oxide coatings on metallic interconnects
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Akanda, Sajedur R.; Walter, Mark E.; Kidner, Neil J.
Thin Solid Films, Vol. 565
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Title: Review—(Mn,Co)3O4-Based Spinels for SOFC Interconnect Coating Application

Abstract

Citation Formats

Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells journal, January 2008

Cathode-side electrical contact and contact materials for solid oxide fuel cell stacking: A review journal, September 2017

Metallic interconnectors for solid oxide fuel cells – a review journal, January 2003

Metallic interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells journal, April 2005

Development of interconnect materials for solid oxide fuel cells journal, May 2003

Recent advances in metallic interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells journal, January 2008

Selection and Evaluation of Heat-Resistant Alloys for SOFC Interconnect Applications journal, January 2003

Spinel and Perovskite Protection Layers Between Crofer22APU and La[sub 0.8]Sr[sub 0.2]FeO[sub 3] Cathode Materials for SOFC Interconnects journal, January 2009

Effect of Mn–Co spinel coating for Fe–Cr ferritic alloys ZMG232L and 232J3 for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects on oxidation behavior and Cr-evaporation journal, September 2011

Influence of oxide scale thickness on electrical conductivity of coated AISI 430 steel for use as interconnect in solid oxide fuel cells journal, January 2012

A review of recent progress in coatings, surface modifications and alloy developments for solid oxide fuel cell ferritic stainless steel interconnects journal, March 2010

Investigation of iron–chromium–niobium–titanium ferritic stainless steel for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications journal, September 2008

Evaluation of several alloys for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect application journal, August 2006

Chromium vaporization of bare and of coated iron–chromium alloys at 1073 K journal, February 2007

Chromium volatility of coated and uncoated steel interconnects for SOFCs journal, December 2006

Effect of cathode and electrolyte transport properties on chromium poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells journal, November 2007

Chromium Poisoning of LSM-YSZ SOFC Cathodes journal, January 2004

Dependence of SOFC Cathode Degradation by Chromium-Containing Alloy on Compositions of Electrodes and Electrolytes journal, January 2001

Electrical contacts between cathodes and metallic interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells journal, April 2006

Conductive protection layers on oxidation resistant alloys for SOFC interconnect applications journal, December 2006

Recent Development of SOFC Metallic Interconnect journal, April 2010

Thermal Growth and Performance of Manganese Cobaltite Spinel Protection Layers on Ferritic Stainless Steel SOFC Interconnects journal, January 2005

Metallic interconnects for SOFC: Characterisation of corrosion resistance and conductivity evaluation at operating temperature of differently coated alloys journal, September 2007

Yttrium, cobalt and yttrium/cobalt oxide coatings on ferritic stainless steels for SOFC interconnects journal, June 2006

Effect of minor elements and a Ce surface treatment on the oxidation behavior of an Fe–22Cr–0.5Mn (Crofer 22 APU) ferritic stainless steel journal, November 2007

Investigation of La2O3 and/or (Co,Mn)3O4 deposits on Crofer22APU for the SOFC interconnect application journal, July 2009

Effects of Surface-Deposited Nanocrystalline Chromite Thin Films on the Performance of a Ferritic Interconnect Alloy journal, January 2007

Effects of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 protective coating on SOFC interconnect by plasma-sputtering journal, May 2008

Oxidation-resistant thin film coating on ferritic stainless steel by sputtering for solid oxide fuel cells journal, July 2008

Development of Cu1.3Mn1.7O4 spinel coating on ferritic stainless steel for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects journal, January 2015

A promising NiCo2O4 protective coating for metallic interconnects of solid oxide fuel cells journal, November 2010

CoFe2O4 spinel protection coating thermally converted from the electroplated Co–Fe alloy for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect application journal, June 2010

Communication—Reactive Sintering of a CoFe 2 O 4 Coating on Ferritic Stainless Steels for SOFC Interconnect Application journal, January 2018

Protective coatings for Cr2O3-forming interconnects of solid oxide fuel cells journal, November 2009

(Mn,Co)3O4 spinel coatings on ferritic stainless steels for SOFC interconnect applications journal, November 2007

Protective coating on stainless steel interconnect for SOFCs: oxidation kinetics and electrical properties journal, February 2005

CuMn1.8O4 protective coatings on metallic interconnects for prevention of Cr-poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells journal, February 2018

Mitigation of chromium poisoning of cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells employing CuMn1.8O4 spinel coating on metallic interconnect journal, February 2018

Review: Influence of alloy addition and spinel coatings on Cr-based metallic interconnects of solid oxide fuel cells journal, September 2020

Application of sputtered NiFe2 alloy coating for SOFC interconnect steel journal, November 2018

Oxidation Behavior of NiFe2O4 Spinel-Coated Interconnects in Wet Air journal, May 2018

Effect of NiFe2 coating thickness on high temperature oxidation and electrical behavior of coated steel interconnect journal, March 2021

Effect of Nb Additions on the High-Temperature Performances of NiFe2O4 Spinel Coatings Fabricated on Ferritic Stainless Steel journal, March 2020

Thermal conversion process of CuFe2O4 coating on steel interconnect for solid oxide fuel cell applications journal, August 2021

CuFe2O4/CuO coating for solid oxide fuel cell steel interconnects journal, June 2021

Sputtered MnCu metallic coating on ferritic stainless steel for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects application journal, April 2017

Coating layer and influence of transition metal for ferritic stainless steel interconnector solid oxide fuel cell: A review journal, November 2019

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Microstructure and electrical properties of Mn1+xCo2−xO4 (0≤x≤1.5) spinels synthesized using EDTA-gel processes journal, November 2014

Interactions Between SOFC Interconnect Coating Materials and Chromia journal, July 2011

Mn[sub 1.5]Co[sub 1.5]O[sub 4] Spinel Protection Layers on Ferritic Stainless Steels for SOFC Interconnect Applications journal, January 2005

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Microstructure and DC electrical conductivity of spinel nickel ferrite sintered in air and nitrogen atmospheres journal, November 2010

Application of sol–gel technique to synthesis of copper–cobalt spinel on the ferritic stainless steel used for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects journal, November 2014

Characterization of nanocrystalline CuCo2O4 spinel prepared by sol–gel technique applicable to the SOFC interconnect coating journal, February 2015

Phase Relations in the System Cobalt Oxide-Manganese Oxide in Air journal, October 1963

Etude par diffraction des rayons X et des neutrons, des relations entre distribution cationique et distorsion cristalline dans les ferro-manganites spinelles: xMn3O4 + (1 − x) Cu(Fe,Cr)2O4 journal, January 1972

Rock Salt−Spinel Structural Transformation in Anodically Electrodeposited Mn−Co−O Nanocrystals journal, January 2008

Preparation and properties of a MnCo2O4 for ceramic interconnect of solid oxide fuel cell via glycine nitrate process journal, December 2011

Electrophoretic co-deposition of Fe2O3 and Mn1,5Co1,5O4: Processing and oxidation performance of Fe-doped Mn-Co coatings for solid oxide cell interconnects journal, October 2019

Thermal expansion and electrical conductivity of Fe and Cu doped MnCo2O4 spinel journal, November 2018

The effect of chemical composition on high temperature behaviour of Fe and Cu doped Mn-Co spinels journal, February 2017

Cu-Mn-Co oxides as protective materials in SOFC technology: The effect of chemical composition on mechanochemical synthesis, sintering behaviour, thermal expansion and electrical conductivity journal, February 2017

In-situ Cu-doped MnCo-spinel coatings for solid oxide cell interconnects processed by electrophoretic deposition journal, October 2019

Cu1.3Mn1.7O4 spinel coatings deposited by electrophoretic deposition on Crofer 22 APU substrates for solid oxide fuel cell applications journal, August 2017

Structural variations and cation distributions in Mn3−xCoxO4 (0≤x≤3) dense ceramics using neutron diffraction data journal, March 2010

Structure and electrical properties of single-phase cobalt manganese oxide spinels Mn3−xCoxO4 sintered classically and by spark plasma sintering (SPS) journal, February 2009

Electrical Conduction in Pure and Li-Substituted Co3O4 journal, November 1981

Predictions of cation distributions in AB2O4 spinels from normalized ion energies journal, January 1989

Distribution of Cations in Spinels journal, April 1959

The thermodynamics of cation distributions in simple spinels journal, November 1967

Preparation and characterization of manganese and cobalt based semiconducting ceramics journal, October 1988

Tetragonal Distortion of the Oxide Spinels Containing Cobalt and Manganese journal, January 1962

Title: Review—(Mn,Co)₃O₄-Based Spinels for SOFC Interconnect Coating Application

Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells
journal, January 2008

Cathode-side electrical contact and contact materials for solid oxide fuel cell stacking: A review
journal, September 2017

Metallic interconnectors for solid oxide fuel cells – a review
journal, January 2003

Metallic interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells
journal, April 2005

Development of interconnect materials for solid oxide fuel cells
journal, May 2003

Recent advances in metallic interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells
journal, January 2008

Selection and Evaluation of Heat-Resistant Alloys for SOFC Interconnect Applications
journal, January 2003

Spinel and Perovskite Protection Layers Between Crofer22APU and La[sub 0.8]Sr[sub 0.2]FeO[sub 3] Cathode Materials for SOFC Interconnects
journal, January 2009

Effect of Mn–Co spinel coating for Fe–Cr ferritic alloys ZMG232L and 232J3 for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects on oxidation behavior and Cr-evaporation
journal, September 2011

Influence of oxide scale thickness on electrical conductivity of coated AISI 430 steel for use as interconnect in solid oxide fuel cells
journal, January 2012

A review of recent progress in coatings, surface modifications and alloy developments for solid oxide fuel cell ferritic stainless steel interconnects
journal, March 2010

Investigation of iron–chromium–niobium–titanium ferritic stainless steel for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications
journal, September 2008

Evaluation of several alloys for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect application
journal, August 2006

Chromium vaporization of bare and of coated iron–chromium alloys at 1073 K
journal, February 2007

Chromium volatility of coated and uncoated steel interconnects for SOFCs
journal, December 2006

Effect of cathode and electrolyte transport properties on chromium poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells
journal, November 2007

Chromium Poisoning of LSM-YSZ SOFC Cathodes
journal, January 2004

Dependence of SOFC Cathode Degradation by Chromium-Containing Alloy on Compositions of Electrodes and Electrolytes
journal, January 2001

Electrical contacts between cathodes and metallic interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells
journal, April 2006

Conductive protection layers on oxidation resistant alloys for SOFC interconnect applications
journal, December 2006

Recent Development of SOFC Metallic Interconnect
journal, April 2010

Thermal Growth and Performance of Manganese Cobaltite Spinel Protection Layers on Ferritic Stainless Steel SOFC Interconnects
journal, January 2005

Metallic interconnects for SOFC: Characterisation of corrosion resistance and conductivity evaluation at operating temperature of differently coated alloys
journal, September 2007

Yttrium, cobalt and yttrium/cobalt oxide coatings on ferritic stainless steels for SOFC interconnects
journal, June 2006

Effect of minor elements and a Ce surface treatment on the oxidation behavior of an Fe–22Cr–0.5Mn (Crofer 22 APU) ferritic stainless steel
journal, November 2007

Investigation of La2O3 and/or (Co,Mn)3O4 deposits on Crofer22APU for the SOFC interconnect application
journal, July 2009

Effects of Surface-Deposited Nanocrystalline Chromite Thin Films on the Performance of a Ferritic Interconnect Alloy
journal, January 2007

Effects of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 protective coating on SOFC interconnect by plasma-sputtering
journal, May 2008

Oxidation-resistant thin film coating on ferritic stainless steel by sputtering for solid oxide fuel cells
journal, July 2008

Development of Cu1.3Mn1.7O4 spinel coating on ferritic stainless steel for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects
journal, January 2015

A promising NiCo2O4 protective coating for metallic interconnects of solid oxide fuel cells
journal, November 2010

CoFe2O4 spinel protection coating thermally converted from the electroplated Co–Fe alloy for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect application
journal, June 2010

Communication—Reactive Sintering of a CoFe ₂ O ₄ Coating on Ferritic Stainless Steels for SOFC Interconnect Application
journal, January 2018

Protective coatings for Cr2O3-forming interconnects of solid oxide fuel cells
journal, November 2009

(Mn,Co)3O4 spinel coatings on ferritic stainless steels for SOFC interconnect applications
journal, November 2007

Protective coating on stainless steel interconnect for SOFCs: oxidation kinetics and electrical properties
journal, February 2005

CuMn1.8O4 protective coatings on metallic interconnects for prevention of Cr-poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells
journal, February 2018

Mitigation of chromium poisoning of cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells employing CuMn1.8O4 spinel coating on metallic interconnect
journal, February 2018

Review: Influence of alloy addition and spinel coatings on Cr-based metallic interconnects of solid oxide fuel cells
journal, September 2020

Application of sputtered NiFe2 alloy coating for SOFC interconnect steel
journal, November 2018

Oxidation Behavior of NiFe2O4 Spinel-Coated Interconnects in Wet Air
journal, May 2018

Effect of NiFe2 coating thickness on high temperature oxidation and electrical behavior of coated steel interconnect
journal, March 2021

Effect of Nb Additions on the High-Temperature Performances of NiFe2O4 Spinel Coatings Fabricated on Ferritic Stainless Steel
journal, March 2020

Thermal conversion process of CuFe2O4 coating on steel interconnect for solid oxide fuel cell applications
journal, August 2021

CuFe2O4/CuO coating for solid oxide fuel cell steel interconnects
journal, June 2021

Sputtered MnCu metallic coating on ferritic stainless steel for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects application
journal, April 2017

Coating layer and influence of transition metal for ferritic stainless steel interconnector solid oxide fuel cell: A review
journal, November 2019

Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Expansion of Spinels at Elevated Temperatures
journal, May 2007

Development of low-temperature sintered Mn–Co spinel coatings on Fe–Cr ferritic alloys for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications
journal, August 2013

Crystal Structure, Chemical Stabilities and Electrical Conductivity of Fe-Doped Manganese Cobalt Spinel Oxides for SOFC Interconnect Coatings
journal, January 2013

Microstructure and electrical properties of Mn1+xCo2−xO4 (0≤x≤1.5) spinels synthesized using EDTA-gel processes
journal, November 2014

Interactions Between SOFC Interconnect Coating Materials and Chromia
journal, July 2011

Mn[sub 1.5]Co[sub 1.5]O[sub 4] Spinel Protection Layers on Ferritic Stainless Steels for SOFC Interconnect Applications
journal, January 2005

High-temperature oxidation of the Crofer 22 H ferritic steel with Mn1.45Co1.45Fe0.1O4 and Mn1.5Co1.5O4 spinel coatings under thermal cycling conditions and its properties
journal, March 2019

Cu- and Ni-doped Mn1.5Co1.5O4 spinel coatings on metallic interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells
journal, September 2013

Structural, electrical, and electrochemical properties of cobalt-doped NiFe2O4 as a potential cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells
journal, November 2013

Microstructure and DC electrical conductivity of spinel nickel ferrite sintered in air and nitrogen atmospheres
journal, November 2010

Application of sol–gel technique to synthesis of copper–cobalt spinel on the ferritic stainless steel used for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects
journal, November 2014

Characterization of nanocrystalline CuCo2O4 spinel prepared by sol–gel technique applicable to the SOFC interconnect coating
journal, February 2015

Phase Relations in the System Cobalt Oxide-Manganese Oxide in Air
journal, October 1963

Etude par diffraction des rayons X et des neutrons, des relations entre distribution cationique et distorsion cristalline dans les ferro-manganites spinelles: xMn3O4 + (1 − x) Cu(Fe,Cr)2O4
journal, January 1972

Rock Salt−Spinel Structural Transformation in Anodically Electrodeposited Mn−Co−O Nanocrystals
journal, January 2008

Preparation and properties of a MnCo2O4 for ceramic interconnect of solid oxide fuel cell via glycine nitrate process
journal, December 2011

Electrophoretic co-deposition of Fe2O3 and Mn1,5Co1,5O4: Processing and oxidation performance of Fe-doped Mn-Co coatings for solid oxide cell interconnects
journal, October 2019

Thermal expansion and electrical conductivity of Fe and Cu doped MnCo2O4 spinel
journal, November 2018

The effect of chemical composition on high temperature behaviour of Fe and Cu doped Mn-Co spinels
journal, February 2017

Cu-Mn-Co oxides as protective materials in SOFC technology: The effect of chemical composition on mechanochemical synthesis, sintering behaviour, thermal expansion and electrical conductivity
journal, February 2017

In-situ Cu-doped MnCo-spinel coatings for solid oxide cell interconnects processed by electrophoretic deposition
journal, October 2019

Cu1.3Mn1.7O4 spinel coatings deposited by electrophoretic deposition on Crofer 22 APU substrates for solid oxide fuel cell applications
journal, August 2017

Structural variations and cation distributions in Mn3−xCoxO4 (0≤x≤3) dense ceramics using neutron diffraction data
journal, March 2010

Structure and electrical properties of single-phase cobalt manganese oxide spinels Mn3−xCoxO4 sintered classically and by spark plasma sintering (SPS)
journal, February 2009

Electrical Conduction in Pure and Li-Substituted Co3O4
journal, November 1981

Predictions of cation distributions in AB2O4 spinels from normalized ion energies
journal, January 1989

Distribution of Cations in Spinels
journal, April 1959

The thermodynamics of cation distributions in simple spinels
journal, November 1967

Preparation and characterization of manganese and cobalt based semiconducting ceramics
journal, October 1988

Tetragonal Distortion of the Oxide Spinels Containing Cobalt and Manganese
journal, January 1962

Preparation of MnCo2O4 by a wet method and its metal ion distribution
journal, September 1983

Crystallographic and magnetic properties of several spinels containing trivalent ja-1044 manganese
journal, December 1958