Miktoarm Star Polymers: Synthesis and Applications

Liu, Min; Blankenship, Jacob R.; Levi, Adam E.; Fu, Qiang; Hudson, Zachary M.; Bates, Christopher M.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01220

Title: Miktoarm Star Polymers: Synthesis and Applications

Abstract

Polymers with precisely controlled structure and function are in high demand across a diverse array of applications spanning the life sciences and nanotechnology. One prototypical example is a class of branched block copolymers known as miktoarm stars (μ-stars), which contain two or more arm compositions connected at a common junction. Miktoarm stars have attracted considerable attention since their physical properties can be different from conventional linear block copolymers. This perspective highlights the latest developments and historical context in the field of miktoarm star polymers, including design strategies, synthetic techniques, and advanced characterization tools used to avoid common preparation pitfalls and tailor properties for emerging applications. Furthermore, our contemporary perspective on μ-star polymers is a resource for inspiring future research into this exciting class of materials at the intersection of chemistry, physics, and advanced technology.

Authors:

^[1]; Blankenship, Jacob R. ^[2]; Levi, Adam E. ^[2];

^[3];

^[1];

^[2]

Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
Univ. of Technology Sydney, New South Wales (Australia)

Publication Date:: Mon Jul 11 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1971663

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019001

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Chemistry of Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 34; Journal Issue: 14; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Polymers; RAFT polymerization; Radical polymerization; Ring-opening polymerization; Star polymers

Citation Formats


                    Liu, Min, Blankenship, Jacob R., Levi, Adam E., Fu, Qiang, Hudson, Zachary M., and Bates, Christopher M. Miktoarm Star Polymers: Synthesis and Applications.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01220.

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                    Liu, Min, Blankenship, Jacob R., Levi, Adam E., Fu, Qiang, Hudson, Zachary M., & Bates, Christopher M. Miktoarm Star Polymers: Synthesis and Applications.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01220

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                    Liu, Min, Blankenship, Jacob R., Levi, Adam E., Fu, Qiang, Hudson, Zachary M., and Bates, Christopher M. Mon .  
"Miktoarm Star Polymers: Synthesis and Applications".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01220.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1971663.

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@article{osti_1971663,

  title        = {Miktoarm Star Polymers: Synthesis and Applications},

  author       = {Liu, Min and Blankenship, Jacob R. and Levi, Adam E. and Fu, Qiang and Hudson, Zachary M. and Bates, Christopher M.},

  abstractNote = {Polymers with precisely controlled structure and function are in high demand across a diverse array of applications spanning the life sciences and nanotechnology. One prototypical example is a class of branched block copolymers known as miktoarm stars (μ-stars), which contain two or more arm compositions connected at a common junction. Miktoarm stars have attracted considerable attention since their physical properties can be different from conventional linear block copolymers. This perspective highlights the latest developments and historical context in the field of miktoarm star polymers, including design strategies, synthetic techniques, and advanced characterization tools used to avoid common preparation pitfalls and tailor properties for emerging applications. Furthermore, our contemporary perspective on μ-star polymers is a resource for inspiring future research into this exciting class of materials at the intersection of chemistry, physics, and advanced technology.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01220},

  journal      = {Chemistry of Materials},

  number       = 14,

  volume       = 34,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Jul 11 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Mon Jul 11 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

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Precise synthesis of a rod-coil type miktoarm star copolymer containing poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) and aliphatic polyester
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Satoh, Toshifumi; Nishikawa, Naoki; Kawato, Daisuke
Polym. Chem., Vol. 5, Issue 2
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Synthesis of ABC-type miktoarm star polymers by “click” chemistry, ATRP and ROP
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Deng, Guohua; Ma, Deyun; Xu, Zizhen
European Polymer Journal, Vol. 43, Issue 4
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A new approach to 3-miktoarm star polymers using a combination of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and ring opening polymerization (ROP) via “Click” chemistry
journal, June 2009

Vora, Ankit; Singh, Kunal; Webster, Dean C.
Polymer, Vol. 50, Issue 13
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Synthesis of Multicompartment Nanoparticles of ABC Miktoarm Star Polymers by Seeded RAFT Dispersion Polymerization
journal, June 2019

Li, Shenzhen; Nie, Huijun; Gu, Song
ACS Macro Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 7
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Synthesis of ABC type miktoarm star copolymers by triple click chemistry
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Iskin, Birol; Yilmaz, Gorkem; Yagci, Yusuf
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Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Aliphatic Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers through Star Block Architectures
journal, October 2021

Liffland, Stephanie; Hillmyer, Marc A.
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The role of miktoarm star copolymers in drug delivery systems
journal, July 2018

Aghajanzadeh, Mozhgan; Zamani, Mostafa; Rostamizadeh, Kobra
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Miktoarm Star Polymers: Branched Architectures in Drug Delivery
journal, August 2020

Lotocki, Victor; Kakkar, Ashok
Pharmaceutics, Vol. 12, Issue 9
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Tuning Solvent Quality Induces Morphological Phase Transitions in Miktoarm Star Polymer Films
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Workineh, Zerihun G.; Pellicane, Giuseppe; Tsige, Mesfin
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Lin, Wenjing; Nie, Shuyu; Zhong, Qi
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Optimization of Amphiphilic Miktoarm Star Copolymers for Anticancer Drug Delivery
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Hierarchical Structures in Thin Films of Miktoarm Star Polymers: Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate)(12K)–Poly(ε-caprolactone)_1–3(5K)
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Kim, Young Yong; Jung, Sungmin; Kim, Changsub
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Extreme Deflection of Phase Boundaries and Chain Bridging in A(BA′) _n Miktoarm Star Polymers
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Lequieu, Joshua; Koeper, Trenton; Delaney, Kris T.
Macromolecules, Vol. 53, Issue 2
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Aperiodic “Bricks and Mortar” Mesophase: a New Equilibrium State of Soft Matter and Application as a Stiff Thermoplastic Elastomer
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Title: Miktoarm Star Polymers: Synthesis and Applications

Abstract

Citation Formats

Star polymers: Advances in biomedical applications journal, July 2015

Star Polymers journal, June 2016

Micelles of Star Block (PSPI)8 and PSPI Diblock Copolymers (PS = Polystyrene, PI = Polyisoprene): Structure and Kinetics of Micellization journal, January 2005

Multicompartment Micelles from ABC Miktoarm Stars in Water journal, October 2004

Multicompartment Micelle Morphology Evolution in Degradable Miktoarm Star Terpolymers journal, March 2010

Miktoarm star polymers: advances in synthesis, self-assembly, and applications journal, January 2010

Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes Based on AB 3 -Type Miktoarm Star Copolymers journal, August 2018

Toward Strong Thermoplastic Elastomers with Asymmetric Miktoarm Block Copolymer Architectures journal, March 2014

Synthesis of miktoarm star (?-star) polymers journal, April 1999

Miktoarm Star Polymers with Environment‐Selective ROS/GSH Responsive Locations: From Modular Synthesis to Tuned Drug Release through Micellar Partial Corona Shedding and/or Core Disassembly journal, November 2020

Multi-Dimensional Self-Assembly of a Dual-Responsive ABC Miktoarm Star Terpolymer journal, March 2017

Synthesis of Star Polymers using RAFT Polymerization: What is Possible? journal, January 2006

An Arm-First Approach to Cleavable Mikto-Arm Star Polymers by RAFT Polymerization journal, February 2014

Arm-First Method As a Simple and General Method for Synthesis of Miktoarm Star Copolymers journal, September 2007

Quantitative formation of core cross-linked star polymers via a one-pot two-step single electron transfer-living radical polymerization journal, January 2013

Organic Catalyst-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization for the Highly Efficient Synthesis of Polyester-Based Star Polymers journal, May 2012

Synthesis of multifunctional miktoarm star polymers via an RGD peptide-based RAFT agent journal, January 2019

Brush-First and ROMP-Out with Functional (Macro)monomers: Method Development, Structural Investigations, and Applications of an Expanded Brush-Arm Star Polymer Platform journal, November 2018

Highly Efficient and Versatile Formation of Biocompatible Star Polymers in Pure Water and Their Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembly journal, November 2014

Star-shaped polymers having PEO arms journal, September 2009

Successive synthesis of well-defined multiarmed miktoarm star polymers by iterative methodology using living anionic polymerization journal, September 2013

Synthesis of well-defined star-branched polymers by stepwise iterative methodology using living anionic polymerization journal, March 2011

Nitroxide-mediated polymerization journal, January 2013

Controlled/"living" radical polymerization. atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of transition-metal complexes journal, May 1995

Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with the Carbon Tetrachloride/Dichlorotris- (triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II)/Methylaluminum Bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide) Initiating System: Possibility of Living Radical Polymerization journal, September 1995

Controlled/living radical polymerization: Features, developments, and perspectives journal, January 2007

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization journal, September 2001

Activators Regenerated by Electron Transfer for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene journal, January 2006

Grafting from Surfaces for “Everyone”: ARGET ATRP in the Presence of Air journal, April 2007

Advanced Materials by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization journal, March 2018

Synthesis and Self-Assembly of AB n Miktoarm Star Polymers journal, February 2020

A Novel Photoresponsive Azobenzene-Containing Miktoarm Star Polymer: Self-Assembly and Photoresponse Properties journal, May 2014

Cyclodextrin polymers: Structure, synthesis, and use as drug carriers journal, July 2021

Synthesis of α-d-glucose-based star polymers through simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP journal, October 2016

Marrying click chemistry with polymerization: expanding the scope of polymeric materials journal, January 2010

“Click”-Inspired Chemistry in Macromolecular Science: Matching Recent Progress and User Expectations journal, November 2014

Dendrimer as nanocarrier for drug delivery journal, February 2014

Hyperbranched Polyglycerols: From the Controlled Synthesis of Biocompatible Polyether Polyols to Multipurpose Applications journal, September 2009

New Method To Access Hyperbranched Polymers with Uniform Structure via One-Pot Polymerization of Inimer in Microemulsion journal, September 2012

Core cross-linked star polymers via controlled radical polymerisation journal, January 2009

Synthesis of functional polymers with controlled architecture by CRP of monomers in the presence of cross-linkers: From stars to gels journal, April 2009

Synthesis of Low-Polydispersity Miktoarm Star Copolymers via a Simple “Arm-First” Method: Macromonomers as Arm Precursors journal, June 2008

Synthesis of Star Polymers Using ARGET ATRP journal, November 2010

Electrochemically Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization journal, March 2011

Low Polydispersity Star Polymers via Cross-Linking Macromonomers by ATRP journal, November 2006

Synthesis of Degradable Miktoarm Star Copolymers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization journal, July 2005

Synthesis of Miktoarm Star Polymers via ATRP Using the “In−Out” Method: Determination of Initiation Efficiency of Star Macroinitiators journal, October 2006

Living Free-Radical Polymerization by Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer: The RAFT Process journal, August 1998

Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications journal, December 2020

RAFT Agent Design and Synthesis journal, May 2012

50th Anniversary Perspective : RAFT Polymerization—A User Guide journal, September 2017

Synthesis of Amphiphilic Miktoarm ABC Star Copolymers by RAFT Mechanism Using Maleic Anhydride as Linking Agent journal, May 2002

Versatile Synthesis of Multiarm and Miktoarm Star Polymers with a Branched Core by Combination of Menschutkin Reaction and Controlled Polymerization journal, November 2012

Synthesis, postmodification and fluorescence properties of reduction-cleavable core-couplable miktoarm stars with a branched core journal, January 2015

Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Mixed Arm Star Polymers by Combination of RAFT and ATRP from a Multifunctional Core and Its Self-Assembly in Water journal, June 2008

Versatile Approach for Preparing PVC-Based Mikto-Arm Star Additives Based on RAFT Polymerization journal, May 2020

Visible Light Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization in the Absence of Exogenous Radical Sources or Catalysts journal, June 2015

Controlled Formation of Star Polymer Nanoparticles via Visible Light Photopolymerization journal, August 2015

Ring-Opening Polymerization—An Introductory Review journal, April 2013

Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids journal, January 2020

Self-assembled nanostructures from amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) journal, August 2020

Tailoring the efficacy of nimodipine drug delivery using nanocarriers based on A2B miktoarm star polymers journal, November 2010

Complex Thin Film Morphologies of Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate)(5k,10k)–Poly(ε-caprolactone)1–3(10k,17k) Miktoarm Star Polymers journal, August 2015

A facile chemoenzymatic synthesis of amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymers from a sugar core and their potential for anticancer drug delivery journal, June 2016

Degradable Core Cross-Linked Star Polymers via Ring-Opening Polymerization journal, June 2006

Toward biodegradable nanogel star polymers via organocatalytic ROP journal, January 2012

Hydrophilic Stars, Amphiphilic Star Block Copolymers, and Miktoarm Stars with Degradable Polycarbonate Cores journal, January 2020

Additivity rules for the estimation of thermochemical properties journal, June 1969

Depolymerization of Bottlebrush Polypentenamers and Their Macromolecular Metamorphosis journal, August 2019

Recent advances in ruthenium-based olefin metathesis journal, January 2018

Living ring-opening metathesis polymerization journal, January 2007

Synthesis of amphiphilic star block copolymers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization journal, March 1992

A novel amphiphilic AB2 star copolymer synthesized by the combination of ring-opening metathesis polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization journal, October 2009

Precise Placement of Single Monomer Units in Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization journal, October 2019

Facile Controlled Synthesis of Soluble Star Shape Polymers by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) journal, January 2009

Synthesis of Oligo(thiophene)-Coated Star-Shaped ROMP Polymers: Unique Emission Properties by the Precise Integration of Functionality journal, April 2012

Living Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Based on Single Monomer Additions journal, July 2015

Star polymers: Advances in biomedical applications
journal, July 2015

Star Polymers
journal, June 2016

Micelles of Star Block (PSPI)₈ and PSPI Diblock Copolymers (PS = Polystyrene, PI = Polyisoprene): Structure and Kinetics of Micellization
journal, January 2005

Multicompartment Micelles from ABC Miktoarm Stars in Water
journal, October 2004

Multicompartment Micelle Morphology Evolution in Degradable Miktoarm Star Terpolymers
journal, March 2010

Miktoarm star polymers: advances in synthesis, self-assembly, and applications
journal, January 2010

Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes Based on AB ₃ -Type Miktoarm Star Copolymers
journal, August 2018

Toward Strong Thermoplastic Elastomers with Asymmetric Miktoarm Block Copolymer Architectures
journal, March 2014

Synthesis of miktoarm star (?-star) polymers
journal, April 1999

Miktoarm Star Polymers with Environment‐Selective ROS/GSH Responsive Locations: From Modular Synthesis to Tuned Drug Release through Micellar Partial Corona Shedding and/or Core Disassembly
journal, November 2020

Multi-Dimensional Self-Assembly of a Dual-Responsive ABC Miktoarm Star Terpolymer
journal, March 2017

Synthesis of Star Polymers using RAFT Polymerization: What is Possible?
journal, January 2006

An Arm-First Approach to Cleavable Mikto-Arm Star Polymers by RAFT Polymerization
journal, February 2014

Arm-First Method As a Simple and General Method for Synthesis of Miktoarm Star Copolymers
journal, September 2007

Quantitative formation of core cross-linked star polymers via a one-pot two-step single electron transfer-living radical polymerization
journal, January 2013

Organic Catalyst-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization for the Highly Efficient Synthesis of Polyester-Based Star Polymers
journal, May 2012

Synthesis of multifunctional miktoarm star polymers via an RGD peptide-based RAFT agent
journal, January 2019

Brush-First and ROMP-Out with Functional (Macro)monomers: Method Development, Structural Investigations, and Applications of an Expanded Brush-Arm Star Polymer Platform
journal, November 2018

Highly Efficient and Versatile Formation of Biocompatible Star Polymers in Pure Water and Their Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembly
journal, November 2014

Star-shaped polymers having PEO arms
journal, September 2009

Successive synthesis of well-defined multiarmed miktoarm star polymers by iterative methodology using living anionic polymerization
journal, September 2013

Synthesis of well-defined star-branched polymers by stepwise iterative methodology using living anionic polymerization
journal, March 2011

Nitroxide-mediated polymerization
journal, January 2013

Controlled/"living" radical polymerization. atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of transition-metal complexes
journal, May 1995

Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with the Carbon Tetrachloride/Dichlorotris- (triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II)/Methylaluminum Bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide) Initiating System: Possibility of Living Radical Polymerization
journal, September 1995

Controlled/living radical polymerization: Features, developments, and perspectives
journal, January 2007

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
journal, September 2001

Activators Regenerated by Electron Transfer for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene
journal, January 2006

Grafting from Surfaces for “Everyone”: ARGET ATRP in the Presence of Air
journal, April 2007

Advanced Materials by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
journal, March 2018

Synthesis and Self-Assembly of AB _n Miktoarm Star Polymers
journal, February 2020

A Novel Photoresponsive Azobenzene-Containing Miktoarm Star Polymer: Self-Assembly and Photoresponse Properties
journal, May 2014

Cyclodextrin polymers: Structure, synthesis, and use as drug carriers
journal, July 2021

Synthesis of α-d-glucose-based star polymers through simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP
journal, October 2016

Marrying click chemistry with polymerization: expanding the scope of polymeric materials
journal, January 2010

“Click”-Inspired Chemistry in Macromolecular Science: Matching Recent Progress and User Expectations
journal, November 2014

Dendrimer as nanocarrier for drug delivery
journal, February 2014

Hyperbranched Polyglycerols: From the Controlled Synthesis of Biocompatible Polyether Polyols to Multipurpose Applications
journal, September 2009

New Method To Access Hyperbranched Polymers with Uniform Structure via One-Pot Polymerization of Inimer in Microemulsion
journal, September 2012

Core cross-linked star polymers via controlled radical polymerisation
journal, January 2009

Synthesis of functional polymers with controlled architecture by CRP of monomers in the presence of cross-linkers: From stars to gels
journal, April 2009

Synthesis of Low-Polydispersity Miktoarm Star Copolymers via a Simple “Arm-First” Method: Macromonomers as Arm Precursors
journal, June 2008

Synthesis of Star Polymers Using ARGET ATRP
journal, November 2010

Electrochemically Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
journal, March 2011

Low Polydispersity Star Polymers via Cross-Linking Macromonomers by ATRP
journal, November 2006

Synthesis of Degradable Miktoarm Star Copolymers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
journal, July 2005

Synthesis of Miktoarm Star Polymers via ATRP Using the “In−Out” Method: Determination of Initiation Efficiency of Star Macroinitiators
journal, October 2006

Living Free-Radical Polymerization by Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer: The RAFT Process
journal, August 1998

Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications
journal, December 2020

RAFT Agent Design and Synthesis
journal, May 2012

50th Anniversary Perspective : RAFT Polymerization—A User Guide
journal, September 2017

Synthesis of Amphiphilic Miktoarm ABC Star Copolymers by RAFT Mechanism Using Maleic Anhydride as Linking Agent
journal, May 2002

Versatile Synthesis of Multiarm and Miktoarm Star Polymers with a Branched Core by Combination of Menschutkin Reaction and Controlled Polymerization
journal, November 2012

Synthesis, postmodification and fluorescence properties of reduction-cleavable core-couplable miktoarm stars with a branched core
journal, January 2015

Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Mixed Arm Star Polymers by Combination of RAFT and ATRP from a Multifunctional Core and Its Self-Assembly in Water
journal, June 2008

Versatile Approach for Preparing PVC-Based Mikto-Arm Star Additives Based on RAFT Polymerization
journal, May 2020

Visible Light Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization in the Absence of Exogenous Radical Sources or Catalysts
journal, June 2015

Controlled Formation of Star Polymer Nanoparticles via Visible Light Photopolymerization
journal, August 2015

Ring-Opening Polymerization—An Introductory Review
journal, April 2013

Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids
journal, January 2020

Self-assembled nanostructures from amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP)
journal, August 2020

Tailoring the efficacy of nimodipine drug delivery using nanocarriers based on A2B miktoarm star polymers
journal, November 2010

Complex Thin Film Morphologies of Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate)(5k,10k)–Poly(ε-caprolactone)_1–3(10k,17k) Miktoarm Star Polymers
journal, August 2015

A facile chemoenzymatic synthesis of amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymers from a sugar core and their potential for anticancer drug delivery
journal, June 2016

Degradable Core Cross-Linked Star Polymers via Ring-Opening Polymerization
journal, June 2006

Toward biodegradable nanogel star polymers via organocatalytic ROP
journal, January 2012

Hydrophilic Stars, Amphiphilic Star Block Copolymers, and Miktoarm Stars with Degradable Polycarbonate Cores
journal, January 2020

Additivity rules for the estimation of thermochemical properties
journal, June 1969

Depolymerization of Bottlebrush Polypentenamers and Their Macromolecular Metamorphosis
journal, August 2019

Recent advances in ruthenium-based olefin metathesis
journal, January 2018

Living ring-opening metathesis polymerization
journal, January 2007

Synthesis of amphiphilic star block copolymers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization
journal, March 1992

A novel amphiphilic AB2 star copolymer synthesized by the combination of ring-opening metathesis polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization
journal, October 2009

Precise Placement of Single Monomer Units in Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
journal, October 2019

Facile Controlled Synthesis of Soluble Star Shape Polymers by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)
journal, January 2009

Synthesis of Oligo(thiophene)-Coated Star-Shaped ROMP Polymers: Unique Emission Properties by the Precise Integration of Functionality
journal, April 2012

Living Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Based on Single Monomer Additions
journal, July 2015

Efficient and Facile End Group Control of Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymers via Single Addition of Functional Cyclopropenes
journal, May 2018

“Brush-First” Method for the Parallel Synthesis of Photocleavable, Nitroxide-Labeled Poly(ethylene glycol) Star Polymers
journal, September 2012

Brush-First Synthesis of Core-Photodegradable Miktoarm Star Polymers via ROMP: Towards Photoresponsive Self-Assemblies
journal, November 2013