Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic modeling of current-drive-induced sawtooth-like crashes in the W7-X stellarator
Abstract
Sawtooth-like core electron temperature crashes have been observed in W7-X experiments with electron cyclotron current drive. Here we present nonlinear single-fluid magnetohydrodynamic simulations of this phenomenon using the newly developed stellarator modeling capability of the M3D-C1 code. The near-axis current drive gives rise to two ι = 1 resonances in the equilibrium rotational transform profile so that two consecutive (1, 1) internal kink modes are seen in the simulations. A small-amplitude crash at the inner resonance occurs first, which may correspond to the sawtooth precursors observed in the experiments. A bigger crash at the outer resonance then flattens the core temperature profile, which shows semi-quantitative agreements with experimental measurements on certain metrics such as the crash amplitude and the inversion radius of the temperature change. These results illustrate a likely mechanism of the current-drive-induced sawtooth-like crashes in W7-X and, to some extent, validate the stellarator modeling capability of M3D-C1.
- Authors:
-
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. (China)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald (Germany); Max-Planck-Princeton Research Center for Plasma Physics, Princeton, NJ (United States)
- Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; Shanghai Pujiang Program
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1970766
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1961501
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-09CH11466; 21PJ1408600
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 30; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; magnetohydrodynamics; plasma instabilities; stellarators
Citation Formats
Zhou, Yao, Aleynikova, Ksenia, and Ferraro, Nathaniel M. Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic modeling of current-drive-induced sawtooth-like crashes in the W7-X stellarator. United States: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1063/5.0136654.
Zhou, Yao, Aleynikova, Ksenia, & Ferraro, Nathaniel M. Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic modeling of current-drive-induced sawtooth-like crashes in the W7-X stellarator. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0136654
Zhou, Yao, Aleynikova, Ksenia, and Ferraro, Nathaniel M. Tue .
"Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic modeling of current-drive-induced sawtooth-like crashes in the W7-X stellarator". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0136654. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1970766.
@article{osti_1970766,
title = {Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic modeling of current-drive-induced sawtooth-like crashes in the W7-X stellarator},
author = {Zhou, Yao and Aleynikova, Ksenia and Ferraro, Nathaniel M.},
abstractNote = {Sawtooth-like core electron temperature crashes have been observed in W7-X experiments with electron cyclotron current drive. Here we present nonlinear single-fluid magnetohydrodynamic simulations of this phenomenon using the newly developed stellarator modeling capability of the M3D-C1 code. The near-axis current drive gives rise to two ι = 1 resonances in the equilibrium rotational transform profile so that two consecutive (1, 1) internal kink modes are seen in the simulations. A small-amplitude crash at the inner resonance occurs first, which may correspond to the sawtooth precursors observed in the experiments. A bigger crash at the outer resonance then flattens the core temperature profile, which shows semi-quantitative agreements with experimental measurements on certain metrics such as the crash amplitude and the inversion radius of the temperature change. These results illustrate a likely mechanism of the current-drive-induced sawtooth-like crashes in W7-X and, to some extent, validate the stellarator modeling capability of M3D-C1.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0136654},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 3,
volume = 30,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2023},
month = {Tue Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2023}
}
Works referenced in this record:
Ray-tracing code TRAVIS for ECR heating, EC current drive and ECE diagnostic
journal, January 2014
- Marushchenko, N. B.; Turkin, Y.; Maassberg, H.
- Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 185, Issue 1
Physics in the magnetic configuration space of W7-X
journal, November 2014
- Geiger, J.; Beidler, C. D.; Feng, Y.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 1
Sawtooth relaxation oscillations, nonlinear helical flows and steady-state m/n=1 magnetic islands in low-viscosity tokamak plasma simulations
journal, August 2020
- Zhang, W.; Ma, Z. W.; Porcelli, F.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 9
Significance of MHD Effects in Stellarator Confinement
journal, August 2006
- Weller, A.; Sakakibara, S.; Watanabe, K. Y.
- Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 50, Issue 2
Controlling sawtooth oscillations in tokamak plasmas
journal, November 2010
- Chapman, I. T.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 1
Nonlinear MHD simulation of core plasma collapse events in Wendelstein 7-X
journal, November 2021
- Suzuki, Yasuhiro; Futatani, Shimpei; Geiger, Joachim
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 12
A new explanation of the sawtooth phenomena in tokamaks
journal, March 2020
- Jardin, S. C.; Krebs, I.; Ferraro, N.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 3
Testing of the new JOREK stellarator-capable model in the tokamak limit
journal, May 2021
- Nikulsin, Nikita; Hoelzl, Matthias; Zocco, Alessandro
- Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 3
Model for current drive induced crash cycles in W7-X
journal, December 2021
- Aleynikova, K.; Hudson, S. R.; Helander, P.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 12
Local properties of magnetic reconnection in nonlinear resistive- and extended-magnetohydrodynamic toroidal simulations of the sawtooth crash
journal, December 2016
- Beidler, M. T.; Cassak, P. A.; Jardin, S. C.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 2
Sawtooth Oscillation in Current-Carrying Plasma in the Large Helical Device
journal, May 2003
- Nagayama, Y.; Kawahata, K.; Inagaki, S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 20
Numerical modeling of the electron temperature crashes observed in Wendelstein 7-X stellarator experiments
journal, June 2020
- Yu, Q.; Strumberger, E.; Igochine, V.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 7
Simulations of sawtoothing in a current carrying stellarator
journal, September 2016
- Roberds, N. A.; Guazzotto, L.; Hanson, J. D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 9
Characteristics of MHD instabilities for high beta plasmas in inward shifted LHD configurations
journal, September 2017
- Sato, M.; Nakajima, N.; Watanabe, K. Y.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 12
Fast sawtooth reconnection at realistic Lundquist numbers
journal, November 2014
- Günter, S.; Yu, Q.; Lackner, K.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 1
W7-X and the sawtooth instability: towards realistic simulations of current-driven magnetic reconnection
journal, June 2021
- Zocco, Alessandro; Mishchenko, Alexey; Nührenberg, Carolin
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 8
Approach to nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic simulations in stellarator geometry
journal, July 2021
- Zhou, Yao; Ferraro, N. M.; Jardin, S. C.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 8
Sawtooth oscillations
journal, January 1986
- Wesson, J. A.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 28, Issue 1A
Physics of magnetically confined plasmas
journal, January 2005
- Boozer, Allen H.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 76, Issue 4
Steepest-descent moment method for three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equilibria
journal, January 1983
- Hirshman, S. P.
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 26, Issue 12
A three-dimensional reduced MHD model consistent with full MHD
journal, October 2019
- Nikulsin, N.; Hoelzl, M.; Zocco, A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 10
Simulation of two fluid and energetic particle effects in stellarators
journal, August 2004
- Strauss, H. R.; Sugiyama, L. E.; Fu, G. Y.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 9
Self-consistent simulations of nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics and profile evolution in stellarator configurations
journal, May 2013
- Schlutt, M. G.; Hegna, C. C.; Sovinec, C. R.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 5
ECCD-induced sawtooth crashes at W7-X
journal, September 2020
- Zanini, M.; Laqua, H. P.; Thomsen, H.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 10
Oscillation regimes of the internal kink mode in tokamak plasmas
journal, November 2010
- Halpern, F. D.; Leblond, D.; Lütjens, H.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 1
Magnetic flux pumping in 3D nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic simulations
journal, October 2017
- Krebs, I.; Jardin, S. C.; Günter, S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 10
Linear and nonlinear simulations of the visco-resistive internal kink mode using the M3D code
journal, August 2018
- Shen, Wei; Porcelli, Francesco
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 10
Numerical simulation of current evolution in the Compact Toroidal Hybrid
journal, October 2012
- Schlutt, M. G.; Hegna, C. C.; Sovinec, C. R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 10
Confinement degradation and plasma loss induced by strong sawtooth crashes at W7-X
journal, October 2021
- Zanini, M.; Buttenschön, B.; Laqua, H. P.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 11
Multiple timescale calculations of sawteeth and other global macroscopic dynamics of tokamak plasmas
journal, January 2012
- Jardin, S. C.; Ferraro, N.; Breslau, J.
- Computational Science & Discovery, Vol. 5, Issue 1
JOREK3D: An extension of the JOREK nonlinear MHD code to stellarators
journal, June 2022
- Nikulsin, N.; Ramasamy, R.; Hoelzl, M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 29, Issue 6
Review of implicit methods for the magnetohydrodynamic description of magnetically confined plasmas
journal, February 2012
- Jardin, S. C.
- Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 231, Issue 3
Linear, resistive stability studies for Wendelstein 7-X-type equilibria with external current drive
journal, September 2020
- Strumberger, E.; Günter, S.; Wendelstein 7-X team, the
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 10