Local properties of magnetic reconnection in nonlinear resistive- and extended-magnetohydrodynamic toroidal simulations of the sawtooth crash

Beidler, M. T.; Cassak, P. A.; Jardin, S. C.; Ferraro, N. M.

doi:10.1088/1361-6587/59/2/025007

Title: Local properties of magnetic reconnection in nonlinear resistive- and extended-magnetohydrodynamic toroidal simulations of the sawtooth crash

Abstract

We diagnose local properties of magnetic reconnection during a sawtooth crash employing the three-dimensional toroidal, extended-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code M3D-C¹. To do so, we sample simulation data in the plane in which reconnection occurs, the plane perpendicular to the helical (m, n) = (1, 1) mode at the q = 1 surface, where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers and q is the safety factor. We study the nonlinear evolution of a particular test equilibrium in a non-reduced field representation using both resistive-MHD and extended-MHD models. We find growth rates for the extended-MHD reconnection process exhibit a nonlinear acceleration and greatly exceed that of the resistive-MHD model, as is expected from previous experimental, theoretical, and computational work. We compare the properties of reconnection in the two simulations, revealing the reconnecting current sheets are locally different in the two models and we present the first observation of the quadrupole out-of-plane Hall magnetic field that appears during extended-MHD reconnection in a 3D toroidal simulation (but not in resistive-MHD). We also explore the dependence on toroidal angle of the properties of reconnection as viewed in the plane perpendicular to the helical magnetic field, finding qualitative and quantitative effects due tomore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Cassak, P. A. ^[1]; Jardin, S. C. ^[2]; Ferraro, N. M. ^[2]

West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV (United States)
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1344528

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1336487

Grant/Contract Number:: AGS-0953463; AC02-09CH11466; NNX10AN08A; NNX16AG76G; NNX16AF75G

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 59; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0741-3335

Publisher:: IOP Science

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; fusion; magnetic reconnection; sawteeth

Citation Formats


                    Beidler, M. T., Cassak, P. A., Jardin, S. C., and Ferraro, N. M. Local properties of magnetic reconnection in nonlinear resistive- and extended-magnetohydrodynamic toroidal simulations of the sawtooth crash.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1361-6587/59/2/025007.

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                    Beidler, M. T., Cassak, P. A., Jardin, S. C., & Ferraro, N. M. Local properties of magnetic reconnection in nonlinear resistive- and extended-magnetohydrodynamic toroidal simulations of the sawtooth crash.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/59/2/025007

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                    Beidler, M. T., Cassak, P. A., Jardin, S. C., and Ferraro, N. M. Thu .  
"Local properties of magnetic reconnection in nonlinear resistive- and extended-magnetohydrodynamic toroidal simulations of the sawtooth crash".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/59/2/025007.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1344528.

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@article{osti_1344528,

  title        = {Local properties of magnetic reconnection in nonlinear resistive- and extended-magnetohydrodynamic toroidal simulations of the sawtooth crash},

  author       = {Beidler, M. T. and Cassak, P. A. and Jardin, S. C. and Ferraro, N. M.},

  abstractNote = {We diagnose local properties of magnetic reconnection during a sawtooth crash employing the three-dimensional toroidal, extended-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code M3D-C1. To do so, we sample simulation data in the plane in which reconnection occurs, the plane perpendicular to the helical (m, n) = (1, 1) mode at the q = 1 surface, where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers and q is the safety factor. We study the nonlinear evolution of a particular test equilibrium in a non-reduced field representation using both resistive-MHD and extended-MHD models. We find growth rates for the extended-MHD reconnection process exhibit a nonlinear acceleration and greatly exceed that of the resistive-MHD model, as is expected from previous experimental, theoretical, and computational work. We compare the properties of reconnection in the two simulations, revealing the reconnecting current sheets are locally different in the two models and we present the first observation of the quadrupole out-of-plane Hall magnetic field that appears during extended-MHD reconnection in a 3D toroidal simulation (but not in resistive-MHD). We also explore the dependence on toroidal angle of the properties of reconnection as viewed in the plane perpendicular to the helical magnetic field, finding qualitative and quantitative effects due to changes in the symmetry of the reconnection process. Furthermore, this study is potentially important for a wide range of magnetically confined fusion applications, from confirming simulations with extended-MHD effects are sufficiently resolved to describe reconnection, to quantifying local reconnection rates for purposes of understanding and predicting transport, not only at the q = 1 rational surface for sawteeth, but also at higher order rational surfaces that play a role in disruptions and edge-confinement degradation.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1361-6587/59/2/025007},

  journal      = {Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 59,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Title: Local properties of magnetic reconnection in nonlinear resistive- and extended-magnetohydrodynamic toroidal simulations of the sawtooth crash

Abstract

Citation Formats

Quasi 3D ECE imaging system for study of MHD instabilities in KSTAR journal, November 2014

Magnetic reconnection with asymmetry in the outflow direction: ASYMMETRIC MAGNETIC RECONNECTION journal, September 2010

Asymmetric time-dependent and stationary magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause journal, January 1989

A high-order implicit finite element method for integrating the two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic equations in two dimensions journal, October 2007

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Velocity-space studies of fast-ion transport at a sawtooth crash in neutral-beam heated plasmas journal, January 2012

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Nonlinear studies of m =1 modes in high‐temperature plasmas journal, November 1992

Structure of the dissipation region in fluid simulations of asymmetric magnetic reconnection journal, May 2009

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Stabilization of sawteeth in tokamaks by sheared poloidal flows journal, January 1992

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Magnetic reconnection process in transient coaxial helicity injection journal, September 2013

Local magnetic shear control in a tokamak via fast wave minority ion current drive: theory and experiments in JET journal, December 1994

Stabilization of sawteeth in tokamaks with toroidal flows journal, July 2002

Three-dimensional modeling of the sawtooth instability in a small tokamak journal, May 2007

Numerical simulation of the dayside reconnection journal, January 1983

Review of implicit methods for the magnetohydrodynamic description of magnetically confined plasmas journal, February 2012

Experimental study of two-fluid effects on magnetic reconnection in a laboratory plasma with variable collisionality journal, May 2006

Model for the sawtooth period and amplitude journal, December 1996

Observation of sawtooth crashes by a multi-toroidally positioned soft x-ray computer tomography system in the WT-3 tokamak journal, June 2004

Testing a model for triggering sawtooth oscillations in tokamaks journal, July 2006

Two-fluid theory of collisionless magnetic reconnection journal, April 1997

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Three-dimensional magnetic reconnection regimes: A review journal, May 2011

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Time-dependent reconnection in a current sheet with velocity shear journal, October 1991

Plasma simulation studies using multilevel physics models journal, May 1999

Multiple timescale calculations of sawteeth and other global macroscopic dynamics of tokamak plasmas journal, January 2012

A triangular finite element with first-derivative continuity applied to fusion MHD applications journal, October 2004

Two-fluid simulations of driven reconnection in the mega-ampere spherical tokamak journal, December 2013

Studies of Internal Disruptions and m = 1 Oscillations in Tokamak Discharges with Soft—X-Ray Tecniques journal, November 1974

Sawtooth oscillations journal, January 1986

Chapter 3: MHD stability, operational limits and disruptions journal, June 2007

Magnetic-Flux Pumping in High-Performance, Stationary Plasmas with Tearing Modes journal, January 2009

Steady state advanced scenarios at ASDEX Upgrade journal, November 2002

Self-Organized Stationary States of Tokamaks journal, November 2015

Control of Neoclassical Tearing Modes by Sawtooth Control journal, February 2002

Relaxation Instability in Tokamaks journal, July 1976

Skin Currents and Compound Sawteeth in Tokamaks journal, June 1986

Rapid Collapse of a Plasma Sawtooth Oscillation in the JET Tokamak journal, July 1986

Model for Incomplete Reconnection in Sawtooth Crashes journal, December 2011

Structure of magnetic separators and separator reconnection: SEPARATORS AND SEPARATOR RECONNECTION journal, February 2010

The local dayside reconnection rate for oblique interplanetary magnetic fields: LOCAL ANALYSIS OF DAYSIDE RECONNECTION journal, June 2016

Catastrophe Model for Fast Magnetic Reconnection Onset journal, November 2005

Evidence of Diffusion Regions at a Subsolar Magnetopause Crossing journal, June 2002

Geospace Environmental Modeling (GEM) Magnetic Reconnection Challenge journal, March 2001

Structure of the dissipation region during collisionless magnetic reconnection journal, May 1998

Diamagnetic suppression of component magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause: DIAMAGNETIC SUPPRESSION OF RECONNECTION journal, May 2003

Transition to whistler mediated magnetic reconnection journal, January 1994

Signatures of collisionless magnetic reconnection journal, January 2003

Magnetic Reconnection With Asymmetry In The Outflow Direction text, January 2008

Numerical simulation of the dayside reconnection book, January 1984

Two-fluid simulations of driven reconnection in the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak text, January 2013

The local dayside reconnection rate for oblique interplanetary magnetic fields text, January 2016

A catastrophe model for fast magnetic reconnection onset text, January 2005

Role of Hall effect on the resistive kink mode in tokamaks journal, January 2020

Numerical study on toroidal mode coupling and triggering of neoclassical tearing modes by sawteeth journal, September 2019

Quasi 3D ECE imaging system for study of MHD instabilities in KSTAR
journal, November 2014

Magnetic reconnection with asymmetry in the outflow direction: ASYMMETRIC MAGNETIC RECONNECTION
journal, September 2010

Asymmetric time-dependent and stationary magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause
journal, January 1989

A high-order implicit finite element method for integrating the two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic equations in two dimensions
journal, October 2007

Fast reconnection in high temperature plasmas
journal, January 1995

Velocity-space studies of fast-ion transport at a sawtooth crash in neutral-beam heated plasmas
journal, January 2012

Computer simulations of asymmetric spontaneous fast reconnection
journal, March 2000

Scaling of asymmetric Hall magnetic reconnection
journal, January 2008

Nonlinear studies of m =1 modes in high‐temperature plasmas
journal, November 1992

Structure of the dissipation region in fluid simulations of asymmetric magnetic reconnection
journal, May 2009

Investigation of magnetic reconnection during a sawtooth crash in a high‐temperature tokamak plasma
journal, October 1994

Stabilization of sawteeth in tokamaks by sheared poloidal flows
journal, January 1992

Scaling of asymmetric magnetic reconnection: General theory and collisional simulations
journal, October 2007

Dual array 3D electron cyclotron emission imaging at ASDEX Upgrade
journal, November 2014

Magnetohydrodynamic stability and nonlinear evolution of the m =1 mode in toroidal geometry for safety factor profiles with an inflection point
journal, April 1989

Nonlinear dynamics of the m =1 kink‐tearing instability in a modified magnetohydrodynamic model
journal, January 1995

Magnetic reconnection process in transient coaxial helicity injection
journal, September 2013

Local magnetic shear control in a tokamak via fast wave minority ion current drive: theory and experiments in JET
journal, December 1994

Stabilization of sawteeth in tokamaks with toroidal flows
journal, July 2002

Three-dimensional modeling of the sawtooth instability in a small tokamak
journal, May 2007

Numerical simulation of the dayside reconnection
journal, January 1983

Review of implicit methods for the magnetohydrodynamic description of magnetically confined plasmas
journal, February 2012

Experimental study of two-fluid effects on magnetic reconnection in a laboratory plasma with variable collisionality
journal, May 2006

Model for the sawtooth period and amplitude
journal, December 1996

Observation of sawtooth crashes by a multi-toroidally positioned soft x-ray computer tomography system in the WT-3 tokamak
journal, June 2004

Testing a model for triggering sawtooth oscillations in tokamaks
journal, July 2006

Two-fluid theory of collisionless magnetic reconnection
journal, April 1997

Fast sawtooth reconnection at realistic Lundquist numbers
journal, November 2014

Some properties of the M3D-C1 form of the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics equations
journal, September 2009

Three-dimensional magnetic reconnection regimes: A review
journal, May 2011

Calculations of two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic axisymmetric steady-states
journal, November 2009

Time-dependent reconnection in a current sheet with velocity shear
journal, October 1991

Plasma simulation studies using multilevel physics models
journal, May 1999

Multiple timescale calculations of sawteeth and other global macroscopic dynamics of tokamak plasmas
journal, January 2012

A triangular finite element with first-derivative continuity applied to fusion MHD applications
journal, October 2004

Two-fluid simulations of driven reconnection in the mega-ampere spherical tokamak
journal, December 2013

Studies of Internal Disruptions and $m = 1$ Oscillations in Tokamak Discharges with Soft—X-Ray Tecniques
journal, November 1974

Sawtooth oscillations
journal, January 1986

Chapter 3: MHD stability, operational limits and disruptions
journal, June 2007

Magnetic-Flux Pumping in High-Performance, Stationary Plasmas with Tearing Modes
journal, January 2009

Steady state advanced scenarios at ASDEX Upgrade
journal, November 2002

Self-Organized Stationary States of Tokamaks
journal, November 2015

Control of Neoclassical Tearing Modes by Sawtooth Control
journal, February 2002

Relaxation Instability in Tokamaks
journal, July 1976

Skin Currents and Compound Sawteeth in Tokamaks
journal, June 1986

Rapid Collapse of a Plasma Sawtooth Oscillation in the JET Tokamak
journal, July 1986

Model for Incomplete Reconnection in Sawtooth Crashes
journal, December 2011

Structure of magnetic separators and separator reconnection: SEPARATORS AND SEPARATOR RECONNECTION
journal, February 2010

The local dayside reconnection rate for oblique interplanetary magnetic fields: LOCAL ANALYSIS OF DAYSIDE RECONNECTION
journal, June 2016

Catastrophe Model for Fast Magnetic Reconnection Onset
journal, November 2005

Evidence of Diffusion Regions at a Subsolar Magnetopause Crossing
journal, June 2002

Geospace Environmental Modeling (GEM) Magnetic Reconnection Challenge
journal, March 2001

Structure of the dissipation region during collisionless magnetic reconnection
journal, May 1998

Diamagnetic suppression of component magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause: DIAMAGNETIC SUPPRESSION OF RECONNECTION
journal, May 2003

Transition to whistler mediated magnetic reconnection
journal, January 1994

Signatures of collisionless magnetic reconnection
journal, January 2003

Magnetic Reconnection With Asymmetry In The Outflow Direction
text, January 2008

Numerical simulation of the dayside reconnection
book, January 1984

Two-fluid simulations of driven reconnection in the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak
text, January 2013

The local dayside reconnection rate for oblique interplanetary magnetic fields
text, January 2016

A catastrophe model for fast magnetic reconnection onset
text, January 2005

Role of Hall effect on the resistive kink mode in tokamaks
journal, January 2020

Numerical study on toroidal mode coupling and triggering of neoclassical tearing modes by sawteeth
journal, September 2019