Tunable, Homoepitaxial Hyperbolic Metamaterials Enabled by High Mobility CdO
Abstract
We report propagating light exhibits hyperbolicity in strongly anisotropic materials where the principal components of the dielectric tensor are opposite in sign. While hyperbolicity occurs naturally in anisotropic polar dielectrics, wherein optical phonons along orthogonal crystal axes are nondegenerate, such optical anisotropy can also be engineered in hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs): thin film superlattices of alternating dielectric and metallic layers. Contrasted with the severely limited tunability of natural hyperbolic materials, the hyperbolic behavior of HMMs can be tailored significantly both through superlattice design and material selection. However, so far HMMs have suffered from high optical losses, hindering their performance. In this report, broadly tunable (λ = 2–5 µm) Type I and II hyperbolic modes with low losses (quality (Q)-factors up to 19.7) are observed through attenuated total reflectance measurements of monolithic, homoepitaxial superlattices of high- and low-doped cadmium oxide (CdO). Further, the low losses offered by CdO enable the first demonstration of real-space imaging of hyperbolic plasmon polaritons in nanoresonators by scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy—previously only possible for hyperbolic phonon polariton materials. Tunable, low-loss CdO HMMs promise designability for applications such as on-chip photonics, super-resolution imaging (hyperlensing), enhanced emission, novel emitter designs, and possibly quantum nanophotonic and time variant metasurfaces.
- Authors:
-
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (United States); City University of New York (CUNY), NY (United States)
- RWTH Aachen University (Germany)
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (United States)
- Army Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States), MD (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (United States); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); Army Research Office (ARO); Department of Defense (DoD): German Science Foundation (DFG)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1906601
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; N00014-22-12035; N00014-18-1-2107; W911NF-21-1-0119; W911NF-16-1-0406; TA848/7-1; SFB917
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Optical Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 2202137; Journal Issue: 2202137; Journal ID: ISSN 2195-1071
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Citation Formats
Cleri, Angela J., Nolen, J. Ryan, Wirth, Konstantin G., He, Mingze, Runnerstrom, Evan L., Kelley, Kyle P., Nordlander, Joshua, Taubner, Thomas, Folland, Thomas G., Maria, Jon‐Paul, and Caldwell, Joshua D. Tunable, Homoepitaxial Hyperbolic Metamaterials Enabled by High Mobility CdO. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1002/adom.202202137.
Cleri, Angela J., Nolen, J. Ryan, Wirth, Konstantin G., He, Mingze, Runnerstrom, Evan L., Kelley, Kyle P., Nordlander, Joshua, Taubner, Thomas, Folland, Thomas G., Maria, Jon‐Paul, & Caldwell, Joshua D. Tunable, Homoepitaxial Hyperbolic Metamaterials Enabled by High Mobility CdO. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202202137
Cleri, Angela J., Nolen, J. Ryan, Wirth, Konstantin G., He, Mingze, Runnerstrom, Evan L., Kelley, Kyle P., Nordlander, Joshua, Taubner, Thomas, Folland, Thomas G., Maria, Jon‐Paul, and Caldwell, Joshua D. Wed .
"Tunable, Homoepitaxial Hyperbolic Metamaterials Enabled by High Mobility CdO". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202202137. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1906601.
@article{osti_1906601,
title = {Tunable, Homoepitaxial Hyperbolic Metamaterials Enabled by High Mobility CdO},
author = {Cleri, Angela J. and Nolen, J. Ryan and Wirth, Konstantin G. and He, Mingze and Runnerstrom, Evan L. and Kelley, Kyle P. and Nordlander, Joshua and Taubner, Thomas and Folland, Thomas G. and Maria, Jon‐Paul and Caldwell, Joshua D.},
abstractNote = {We report propagating light exhibits hyperbolicity in strongly anisotropic materials where the principal components of the dielectric tensor are opposite in sign. While hyperbolicity occurs naturally in anisotropic polar dielectrics, wherein optical phonons along orthogonal crystal axes are nondegenerate, such optical anisotropy can also be engineered in hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs): thin film superlattices of alternating dielectric and metallic layers. Contrasted with the severely limited tunability of natural hyperbolic materials, the hyperbolic behavior of HMMs can be tailored significantly both through superlattice design and material selection. However, so far HMMs have suffered from high optical losses, hindering their performance. In this report, broadly tunable (λ = 2–5 µm) Type I and II hyperbolic modes with low losses (quality (Q)-factors up to 19.7) are observed through attenuated total reflectance measurements of monolithic, homoepitaxial superlattices of high- and low-doped cadmium oxide (CdO). Further, the low losses offered by CdO enable the first demonstration of real-space imaging of hyperbolic plasmon polaritons in nanoresonators by scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy—previously only possible for hyperbolic phonon polariton materials. Tunable, low-loss CdO HMMs promise designability for applications such as on-chip photonics, super-resolution imaging (hyperlensing), enhanced emission, novel emitter designs, and possibly quantum nanophotonic and time variant metasurfaces.},
doi = {10.1002/adom.202202137},
journal = {Advanced Optical Materials},
number = 2202137,
volume = 2202137,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Wed Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
Works referenced in this record:
Realization of Wafer-Scale Hyperlens Device for Sub-diffractional Biomolecular Imaging
journal, December 2017
- Lee, Dasol; Kim, Yang Doo; Kim, Minkyung
- ACS Photonics, Vol. 5, Issue 7
Single-material semiconductor hyperbolic metamaterials
journal, January 2016
- Wei, D.; Harris, C.; Bomberger, C. C.
- Optics Express, Vol. 24, Issue 8
Guided Mid‐IR and Near‐IR Light within a Hybrid Hyperbolic‐Material/Silicon Waveguide Heterostructure
journal, February 2021
- He, Mingze; Halimi, Sami I.; Folland, Thomas G.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 11
Near‐Unity and Narrowband Thermal Emissivity in Balanced Dielectric Metasurfaces
journal, December 2019
- Howes, Austin; Nolen, Joshua R.; Caldwell, Joshua D.
- Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Experimental realization of three-dimensional indefinite cavities at the nanoscale with anomalous scaling laws
journal, June 2012
- Yang, Xiaodong; Yao, Jie; Rho, Junsuk
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 6, Issue 7
Mid-infrared designer metals
journal, January 2012
- Law, S.; Adams, D. C.; Taylor, A. M.
- Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 11
Development of optical hyperlens for imaging below the diffraction limit
journal, January 2007
- Lee, Hyesog; Liu, Zhaowei; Xiong, Yi
- Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 24
A Metamaterial Emitter for Highly Efficient Radiative Cooling
journal, April 2015
- Hossain, Md Muntasir; Jia, Baohua; Gu, Min
- Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 8
Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight
journal, November 2014
- Raman, Aaswath P.; Anoma, Marc Abou; Zhu, Linxiao
- Nature, Vol. 515, Issue 7528, p. 540-544
Hyperbolic Metamaterials as an Analog of a Blackbody in the Near Field
journal, September 2012
- Biehs, S. -A.; Tschikin, M.; Ben-Abdallah, P.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 10
Broadband omnidirectional antireflection coating based on subwavelength surface Mie resonators
journal, January 2012
- Spinelli, P.; Verschuuren, M. A.; Polman, A.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Sub-diffractional volume-confined polaritons in the natural hyperbolic material hexagonal boron nitride
journal, October 2014
- Caldwell, Joshua D.; Kretinin, Andrey V.; Chen, Yiguo
- Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Ghost hyperbolic surface polaritons in bulk anisotropic crystals
journal, August 2021
- Ma, Weiliang; Hu, Guangwei; Hu, Debo
- Nature, Vol. 596, Issue 7872
Radiative cooling to deep sub-freezing temperatures through a 24-h day–night cycle
journal, December 2016
- Chen, Zhen; Zhu, Linxiao; Raman, Aaswath
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Multiple Epsilon-Near-Zero Resonances in Multilayered Cadmium Oxide: Designing Metamaterial-Like Optical Properties in Monolithic Materials
journal, April 2019
- Kelley, Kyle P.; Runnerstrom, Evan L.; Sachet, Edward
- ACS Photonics, Vol. 6, Issue 5
Tunable Phonon Polaritons in Atomically Thin van der Waals Crystals of Boron Nitride
journal, March 2014
- Dai, S.; Fei, Z.; Ma, Q.
- Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6175
Strong coupling in hyperbolic metamaterials
journal, July 2014
- Shekhar, Prashant; Jacob, Zubin
- Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 4, Article No. 045313
Deterministic inverse design of Tamm plasmon thermal emitters with multi-resonant control
journal, October 2021
- He, Mingze; Nolen, J. Ryan; Nordlander, Josh
- Nature Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 12
Broadband super-Planckian thermal emission from hyperbolic metamaterials
journal, September 2012
- Guo, Yu; Cortes, Cristian L.; Molesky, Sean
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 13
Effects of strain, disorder, and Coulomb screening on free-carrier mobility in doped cadmium oxide
journal, November 2021
- Piontkowski, Zachary T.; Runnerstrom, Evan L.; Cleri, Angela
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 130, Issue 19
Quantum nanophotonics using hyperbolic metamaterials
journal, May 2012
- Cortes, C. L.; Newman, W.; Molesky, S.
- Journal of Optics, Vol. 14, Issue 6
Role of epsilon-near-zero substrates in the optical response of plasmonic antennas
journal, January 2016
- Kim, Jongbum; Dutta, Aveek; Naik, Gururaj V.
- Optica, Vol. 3, Issue 3
Hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in boron nitride for near-field optical imaging and focusing
journal, June 2015
- Li, Peining; Lewin, Martin; Kretinin, Andrey V.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Spontaneous emission enhancement in metal–dielectric metamaterials
journal, January 2012
- Iorsh, Ivan; Poddubny, Alexander; Orlov, Alexey
- Physics Letters A, Vol. 376, Issue 3
On the effective medium theory of subwavelength periodic structures
journal, October 1996
- Lalanne, Philippe; Lemercier-lalanne, Dominique
- Journal of Modern Optics, Vol. 43, Issue 10
Directional and Spectral Control of Thermal Emission and Its Application in Radiative Cooling and Infrared Light Sources
journal, June 2020
- Qu, Yurui; Pan, Meiyan; Qiu, Min
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 13, Issue 6
Topological polaritons and photonic magic angles in twisted α-MoO3 bilayers
journal, June 2020
- Hu, Guangwei; Ou, Qingdong; Si, Guangyuan
- Nature, Vol. 582, Issue 7811
Polaritonic Hybrid-Epsilon-near-Zero Modes: Beating the Plasmonic Confinement vs Propagation-Length Trade-Off with Doped Cadmium Oxide Bilayers
journal, December 2018
- Runnerstrom, Evan L.; Kelley, Kyle P.; Folland, Thomas G.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 2
Mie resonance-based dielectric metamaterials
journal, December 2009
- Zhao, Qian; Zhou, Ji; Zhang, Fuli
- Materials Today, Vol. 12, Issue 12
Probing polaritons in the mid- to far-infrared
journal, May 2019
- Folland, T. G.; Nordin, L.; Wasserman, D.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 19
Macroscopically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes as a Refractory Platform for Hyperbolic Thermal Emitters
journal, May 2019
- Gao, Weilu; Doiron, Chloe F.; Li, Xinwei
- ACS Photonics, Vol. 6, Issue 7
Hyperlenses and metalenses for far-field super-resolution imaging
journal, January 2012
- Lu, Dylan; Liu, Zhaowei
- Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Hyperbolic metamaterials
journal, December 2013
- Poddubny, Alexander; Iorsh, Ivan; Belov, Pavel
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 7, Issue 12, p. 948-957
Volume plasmon polaritons in semiconductor hyperbolic metamaterials
journal, January 2017
- Wei, Dongxia; Harris, Christian; Law, Stephanie
- Optical Materials Express, Vol. 7, Issue 7
Ultrahigh-Resolution, Label-Free Hyperlens Imaging in the Mid-IR
journal, September 2021
- He, Mingze; Iyer, Ganjigunte R. S.; Aarav, Shaurya
- Nano Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 19
Far-Field Optical Hyperlens Magnifying Sub-Diffraction-Limited Objects
journal, March 2007
- Liu, Z.; Lee, H.; Xiong, Y.
- Science, Vol. 315, Issue 5819
Mid-infrared designer metals
conference, September 2012
- Law, S.; Adams, D. C.; Taylor, A. M.
- 2012 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC), IEEE Photonics Conference 2012
Dysprosium-doped cadmium oxide as a gateway material for mid-infrared plasmonics
journal, February 2015
- Sachet, Edward; Shelton, Christopher T.; Harris, Joshua S.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 4
A super resolution metalens with phase compensation mechanism
journal, May 2010
- Ma, Changbao; Liu, Zhaowei
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 18
Near-field radiative heat transfer enhancement using natural hyperbolic material
journal, January 2019
- Salihoglu, Hakan; Xu, Xianfan
- Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Vol. 222-223
Mid-wave to near-IR optoelectronic properties and epsilon-near-zero behavior in indium-doped cadmium oxide
journal, March 2021
- Cleri, Angela; Tomko, John; Quiambao-Tomko, Kathleen
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Simultaneous Large Mode Index and High Quality Factor in Infrared Hyperbolic Metamaterials
journal, September 2018
- Sohr, Patrick; Wei, Dongxia; Tomasulo, Stephanie
- ACS Photonics, Vol. 5, Issue 10
Low-Loss Near-Infrared Hyperbolic Metamaterials with Epitaxial ITO-In 2 O 3 Multilayers
journal, March 2018
- Guo, Peijun; Diroll, Benjamin T.; Huang, Wei
- ACS Photonics, Vol. 5, Issue 5
Broadband Purcell effect: Radiative decay engineering with metamaterials
journal, April 2012
- Jacob, Zubin; Smolyaninov, Igor I.; Narimanov, Evgenii E.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 18
Tunable s-SNOM for Nanoscale Infrared Optical Measurement of Electronic Properties of Bilayer Graphene
journal, January 2021
- Wirth, Konstantin G.; Linnenbank, Heiko; Steinle, Tobias
- ACS Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Controlling spontaneous emission with metamaterials
journal, January 2010
- Noginov, M. A.; Li, H.; Barnakov, Yu. A.
- Optics Letters, Vol. 35, Issue 11
Mie resonance-enhanced light absorption in periodic silicon nanopillar arrays
journal, January 2013
- Bezares, Francisco J.; Long, James P.; Glembocki, Orest J.
- Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 23
Near-field heat transfer between graphene/hBN multilayers
journal, June 2017
- Zhao, Bo; Guizal, Brahim; Zhang, Zhuomin M.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 24
Enhancing far-field thermal emission with thermal extraction
journal, April 2013
- Yu, Zongfu; Sergeant, Nicholas P.; Skauli, Torbjørn
- Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Cooling Metals via Gap Plasmon Resonance
journal, April 2021
- Cho, Jin-Woo; Park, Sung-Jun; Park, Su-Jin
- Nano Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 9
Far-field imaging device: planar hyperlens with magnification using multi-layer metamaterial
journal, January 2008
- Wang, Wei; Xing, Hui; Fang, Liang
- Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 25
Hyperbolic metamaterials: fundamentals and applications
journal, June 2014
- Shekhar, Prashant; Atkinson, Jonathan; Jacob, Zubin
- Nano Convergence, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Hyperbolic shear polaritons in low-symmetry crystals
journal, February 2022
- Passler, Nikolai C.; Ni, Xiang; Hu, Guangwei
- Nature, Vol. 602, Issue 7898
Epsilon-near-Zero Modes and Surface Plasmon Resonance in Fluorine-Doped Cadmium Oxide Thin Films
journal, July 2017
- Runnerstrom, Evan L.; Kelley, Kyle P.; Sachet, Edward
- ACS Photonics, Vol. 4, Issue 8
Near-field thermal radiation between hyperbolic metamaterials: Graphite and carbon nanotubes
journal, November 2013
- Liu, X. L.; Zhang, R. Z.; Zhang, Z. M.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 21
Controlling thermal emission with refractory epsilon-near-zero metamaterials via topological transitions
journal, June 2016
- Dyachenko, P. N.; Molesky, S.; Petrov, A. Yu
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Negative refraction in semiconductor metamaterials
journal, October 2007
- Hoffman, Anthony J.; Alekseyev, Leonid; Howard, Scott S.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 12, p. 946-950
Improving the radiative decay rate for dye molecules with hyperbolic metamaterials
journal, January 2012
- Kim, J.; Drachev, V. P.; Jacob, Z.
- Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 7
Probing hyperbolic polaritons using infrared attenuated total reflectance micro-spectroscopy
journal, October 2018
- Folland, Thomas G.; Maß, Tobias W. W.; Matson, Joseph R.
- MRS Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 04
Nanophotonic engineering of far-field thermal emitters
journal, May 2019
- Baranov, Denis G.; Xiao, Yuzhe; Nechepurenko, Igor A.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 9
Configurable phonon polaritons in twisted α-MoO3
journal, July 2020
- Chen, Mingyuan; Lin, Xiao; Dinh, Thao H.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 12
Refractive Index-Based Control of Hyperbolic Phonon-Polariton Propagation
journal, September 2019
- Fali, Alireza; White, Samuel T.; Folland, Thomas G.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 11
High mobility yttrium doped cadmium oxide thin films
journal, July 2017
- Kelley, Kyle P.; Sachet, Edward; Shelton, Christopher T.
- APL Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 7
Observing 0D subwavelength-localized modes at ~100 THz protected by weak topology
journal, December 2021
- Lu, Jinlong; Wirth, Konstantin G.; Gao, Wenlong
- Science Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 49
Spherical hyperlens for two-dimensional sub-diffractional imaging at visible frequencies
journal, December 2010
- Rho, Junsuk; Ye, Ziliang; Xiong, Yi
- Nature Communications, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Recent advances in planar optics: from plasmonic to dielectric metasurfaces
journal, January 2017
- Genevet, Patrice; Capasso, Federico; Aieta, Francesco
- Optica, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Nanogap near-field thermophotovoltaics
journal, June 2018
- Fiorino, Anthony; Zhu, Linxiao; Thompson, Dakotah
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 9
Far-field thermal emission from a semiconductor hyperbolic metamaterial
journal, January 2019
- Sohr, Patrick; Ip, Chi Ian; Law, Stephanie
- Optics Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 5
Structural parameters of hyperbolic metamaterials controlling high-k mode resonant wavelengths
journal, January 2020
- Sohr, Patrick; Law, Stephanie
- Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 37, Issue 12
Subdiffractional focusing and guiding of polaritonic rays in a natural hyperbolic material
journal, April 2015
- Dai, S.; Ma, Q.; Andersen, T.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Light-induced breathing in photochromic yttrium oxyhydrides
journal, February 2020
- Baba, Elbruz Murat; Montero, Jose; Strugovshchikov, Evgenii
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 2
Effective-medium approach to planar multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials: Strengths and limitations
journal, May 2012
- Kidwai, Omar; Zhukovsky, Sergei V.; Sipe, J. E.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 85, Issue 5