Scan strategies in EBM-printed IN718 and the physics of bulk 3D microstructure development

Polonsky, Andrew T.; Raghavan, Narendran R. Srinivasa; Echlin, McLean P.; Kirka, Michael M.; Dehoff, Ryan R.; Pollock, Tresa M.

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112043

Title: Scan strategies in EBM-printed IN718 and the physics of bulk 3D microstructure development

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) characterization provides opportunities for understanding processing-structure relationships in additively manufactured (AM) materials. Bulk samples of Inconel 718 were fabricated via electron beam melting (EBM) in order to study microstructural development as a function of energy input and beam scan strategy. TriBeam tomography of bulk Inconel 718 microstructures built under steady-state growth conditions reveals the sensitivity of microstructure formation and evolution to machine process parameters. Here, samples manufactured using a narrow range of energy input per unit build area result in varied grain morphologies and crystallographic textures. Using TRUCHAS, a thermal simulation software, the thermal history of bulk scan strategies was predicted, and combined with a calibrated microstructure-processing map to accurately predict bulk grain morphologies. The solidification parameters and the 3D measured nucleation density are used to predict the transition between columnar and equiaxed grain morphologies, providing a process map to guide AM parameter choices to locally control as-printed microstructure. A two-dimensional metric for characterizing bulk grain morphology was also found to agree well with predictions from the process map calibrated by 3D data. Combined with 3D tomography and thermal modelling, the physics of structure development were understood at a new level of detail with respect to the competingmore »« less

Authors:

Polonsky, Andrew T. ^[1]; Raghavan, Narendran R. Srinivasa ^[2]; Echlin, McLean P. ^[3]; Kirka, Michael M. ^[4]; Dehoff, Ryan R. ^[4]; Pollock, Tresa M. ^[3]

Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Sat Jun 11 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Advanced Manufacturing Office; National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1877127

Report Number(s):: SAND2022-8163J
Journal ID: ISSN 1044-5803; 707502

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525; AC05-00OR22725; 4000156470; DMR 1720256

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Materials Characterization

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 190; Journal ID: ISSN 1044-5803

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; additive manufacturing; tomography; solidification; microstructure; tribeam

Citation Formats


                    Polonsky, Andrew T., Raghavan, Narendran R. Srinivasa, Echlin, McLean P., Kirka, Michael M., Dehoff, Ryan R., and Pollock, Tresa M. Scan strategies in EBM-printed IN718 and the physics of bulk 3D microstructure development.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112043.

Copy to clipboard


                    Polonsky, Andrew T., Raghavan, Narendran R. Srinivasa, Echlin, McLean P., Kirka, Michael M., Dehoff, Ryan R., & Pollock, Tresa M. Scan strategies in EBM-printed IN718 and the physics of bulk 3D microstructure development.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112043

Copy to clipboard


                    Polonsky, Andrew T., Raghavan, Narendran R. Srinivasa, Echlin, McLean P., Kirka, Michael M., Dehoff, Ryan R., and Pollock, Tresa M. Sat .  
"Scan strategies in EBM-printed IN718 and the physics of bulk 3D microstructure development".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112043.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1877127.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1877127,

  title        = {Scan strategies in EBM-printed IN718 and the physics of bulk 3D microstructure development},

  author       = {Polonsky, Andrew T. and Raghavan, Narendran R. Srinivasa and Echlin, McLean P. and Kirka, Michael M. and Dehoff, Ryan R. and Pollock, Tresa M.},

  abstractNote = {Three-dimensional (3D) characterization provides opportunities for understanding processing-structure relationships in additively manufactured (AM) materials. Bulk samples of Inconel 718 were fabricated via electron beam melting (EBM) in order to study microstructural development as a function of energy input and beam scan strategy. TriBeam tomography of bulk Inconel 718 microstructures built under steady-state growth conditions reveals the sensitivity of microstructure formation and evolution to machine process parameters. Here, samples manufactured using a narrow range of energy input per unit build area result in varied grain morphologies and crystallographic textures. Using TRUCHAS, a thermal simulation software, the thermal history of bulk scan strategies was predicted, and combined with a calibrated microstructure-processing map to accurately predict bulk grain morphologies. The solidification parameters and the 3D measured nucleation density are used to predict the transition between columnar and equiaxed grain morphologies, providing a process map to guide AM parameter choices to locally control as-printed microstructure. A two-dimensional metric for characterizing bulk grain morphology was also found to agree well with predictions from the process map calibrated by 3D data. Combined with 3D tomography and thermal modelling, the physics of structure development were understood at a new level of detail with respect to the competing processes of grain nucleation and epitaxial growth.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112043},

  journal      = {Materials Characterization},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 190,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sat Jun 11 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Sat Jun 11 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112043

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Microstructural and micromechanical characterization of IN718 theta shaped specimens built with electron beam melting
journal, April 2016

Cakmak, Ercan; Kirka, Michael M.; Watkins, Thomas R.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 108
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.005

Solidification-driven orientation gradients in additively manufactured stainless steel
journal, January 2020

Polonsky, Andrew T.; Lenthe, William C.; Echlin, McLean P.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 183
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2019.10.047

High-throughput stochastic tensile performance of additively manufactured stainless steel
journal, March 2017

Salzbrenner, Bradley C.; Rodelas, Jeffrey M.; Madison, Jonathan D.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 241
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.10.023

Evolution of solidification texture during additive manufacturing
journal, November 2015

Wei, H. L.; Mazumder, J.; DebRoy, T.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/srep16446

Recyclability Study on Inconel 718 and Ti-6Al-4V Powders for Use in Electron Beam Melting
journal, October 2015

Nandwana, Peeyush; Peter, William H.; Dehoff, Ryan R.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 47, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s11663-015-0477-9

Modeling of additive manufacturing processes for metals: Challenges and opportunities
journal, August 2017

Francois, M. M.; Sun, A.; King, W. E.
Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, Vol. 21, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2016.12.001

Corroborating tomographic defect metrics with mechanical response in an additively manufactured precipitation-hardened stainless steel
conference, January 2018

Madison, Jonathan D.; Underwood, Olivia D.; Swiler, Laura P.
44TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLUME 37, AIP Conference Proceedings
DOI: 10.1063/1.5031506

Formation of the Ni3Nb δ-Phase in Stress-Relieved Inconel 625 Produced via Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
journal, August 2017

Lass, Eric A.; Stoudt, Mark R.; Williams, Maureen E.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 48, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-017-4304-6

Overhanging Features and the SLM/DMLS Residual Stresses Problem: Review and Future Research Need
journal, April 2017

Patterson, Albert E.; Messimer, Sherri L.; Farrington, Phillip A.
Technologies, Vol. 5, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3390/technologies5020015

A Local Support-Operators Diffusion Discretization Scheme for Hexahedral Meshes
journal, June 2001

Morel, J. E.; Hall, Michael L.; Shashkov, Mikhail J.
Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 170, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1006/jcph.2001.6736

Microstructure Development in Electron Beam-Melted Inconel 718 and Associated Tensile Properties
journal, February 2016

Kirka, M. M.; Unocic, K. A.; Raghavan, N.
JOM, Vol. 68, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-016-1812-6

Theory of microstructural development during rapid solidification
journal, May 1986

Kurz, W.; Giovanola, B.; Trivedi, R.
Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 34, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(86)90056-8

Strategy for Texture Management in Metals Additive Manufacturing
journal, January 2017

Kirka, M. M.; Lee, Y.; Greeley, D. A.
JOM, Vol. 69, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-017-2264-3

In situ X-ray imaging of defect and molten pool dynamics in laser additive manufacturing
journal, April 2018

Leung, Chu Lun Alex; Marussi, Sebastian; Atwood, Robert C.
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03734-7

Cellular and dendritic growth. II
journal, April 1974

Burden, M. H.; Hunt, J. D.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 22, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(74)90127-4

Dendritic growth
journal, January 1994

Trivedi, R.; Kurz, W.
International Materials Reviews, Vol. 39, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1179/imr.1994.39.2.49

Rapid solidification processing and microstructure formation
journal, May 1994

Kurz, W.; Trivedi, R.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 179-180
DOI: 10.1016/0921-5093(94)90162-7

Nucleation ahead of the advancing interface in directional solidification
journal, June 1997

Gäumann, M.; Trivedi, R.; Kurz, W.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 226-228
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)80081-0

Denudation of metal powder layers in laser powder bed fusion processes
journal, August 2016

Matthews, Manyalibo J.; Guss, Gabe; Khairallah, Saad A.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 114
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.05.017

Rapid solidification under local nonequilibrium conditions
journal, June 1997

Sobolev, S. L.
Physical Review E, Vol. 55, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.6845

Mesoscopic simulation model of selective laser melting of stainless steel powder
journal, November 2014

Khairallah, Saad A.; Anderson, Andy
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 214, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.06.001

Ultrafast X-ray imaging of laser–metal additive manufacturing processes
journal, August 2018

Parab, Niranjan D.; Zhao, Cang; Cunningham, Ross
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 25, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1107/S1600577518009554

An improved prediction of residual stresses and distortion in additive manufacturing
journal, January 2017

Mukherjee, T.; Zhang, W.; DebRoy, T.
Computational Materials Science, Vol. 126
DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.10.003

Overview of modelling and simulation of metal powder bed fusion process at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
journal, November 2014

King, W.; Anderson, A. T.; Ferencz, R. M.
Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000728

Recent Developments in Femtosecond Laser-Enabled TriBeam Systems
journal, November 2021

Echlin, McLean P.; Polonsky, Andrew T.; Lamb, James
JOM, Vol. 73, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-021-04919-0

DREAM.3D: A Digital Representation Environment for the Analysis of Microstructure in 3D
journal, April 2014

Groeber, Michael A.; Jackson, Michael A.
Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation, Vol. 3, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1186/2193-9772-3-5

A residual heat compensation based scan strategy for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
journal, August 2020

Yeung, H.; Lane, B.
Manufacturing Letters, Vol. 25
DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2020.07.005

The TriBeam system: Femtosecond laser ablation in situ SEM
journal, February 2015

Echlin, McLean P.; Straw, Marcus; Randolph, Steven
Materials Characterization, Vol. 100
DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2014.10.023

Probing temperature during laser spot welding from vapor composition and modeling
journal, November 2003

He, X.; DebRoy, T.; Fuerschbach, P. W.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 94, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/1.1622118

The Solidification of Multicomponent Alloys
journal, November 2015

Boettinger, William J.
Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, Vol. 37, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s11669-015-0416-0

Mechanistic models for additive manufacturing of metallic components
journal, February 2021

Wei, H. L.; Mukherjee, T.; Zhang, W.
Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 116
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100703

Localized melt-scan strategy for site specific control of grain size and primary dendrite arm spacing in electron beam additive manufacturing
journal, November 2017

Raghavan, Narendran; Simunovic, Srdjan; Dehoff, Ryan
Acta Materialia, Vol. 140
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.08.038

Bisque: a platform for bioimage analysis and management
journal, December 2009

Kvilekval, Kristian; Fedorov, Dmitry; Obara, Boguslaw
Bioinformatics, Vol. 26, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp699

The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing
journal, March 2016

Sames, W. J.; List, F. A.; Pannala, S.
International Materials Reviews, Vol. 61, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2015.1116649

Extreme-Value Statistics Reveal Rare Failure-Critical Defects in Additive Manufacturing : Extreme-Value Statistics Reveal Rare Failure- Critical Defects…
journal, April 2017

Boyce, Brad L.; Salzbrenner, Bradley C.; Rodelas, Jeffrey M.
Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1002/adem.201700102

Heat transfer and material flow during laser assisted multi-layer additive manufacturing
journal, September 2014

Manvatkar, V.; De, A.; DebRoy, T.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 116, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1063/1.4896751

Construction of Cellular Substructure in Laser Powder Bed Fusion
journal, November 2019

Wang, Yafei; Zhang, Chenglu; Yu, Chenfan
Metals, Vol. 9, Issue 11
DOI: 10.3390/met9111231

Nucleation and growth of chimney pores during electron-beam additive manufacturing
journal, December 2016

Cordero, Zachary C.; Dinwiddie, Ralph B.; Immel, David
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 52, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-016-0631-z

Anisotropic tensile behavior of Ti–6Al–4V components fabricated with directed energy deposition additive manufacturing
journal, April 2015

Carroll, Beth E.; Palmer, Todd A.; Beese, Allison M.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 87
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.054

Site specific control of crystallographic grain orientation through electron beam additive manufacturing
journal, November 2014

Dehoff, R. R.; Kirka, M. M.; Sames, W. J.
Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000734

The effect of beam scan strategies on microstructural variations in Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by electron beam powder bed fusion
journal, November 2020

Shao, Meiyue; Vijayan, Sriram; Nandwana, Peeyush
Materials & Design, Vol. 196
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109165

Non-equilibrium interface kinetics during rapid solidification
journal, April 1994

Aziz, Michael J.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 178, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/0921-5093(94)90537-1

Thermo-Calc & DICTRA, computational tools for materials science
journal, June 2002

Andersson, J-O; Helander, Thomas; Höglund, Lars
Calphad, Vol. 26, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/S0364-5916(02)00037-8

Diagrams for laser materials processing
journal, July 1992

Ion, J. C.; Shercliff, H. R.; Ashby, M. F.
Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 40, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1016/0956-7151(92)90097-X

Crystallographic texture engineering through novel melt strategies via electron beam melting: Inconel 718
journal, October 2014

Dehoff, R. R.; Kirka, M. M.; List, F. A.
Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000697

Correlation between solidification parameters and weld microstructures
journal, January 1989

David, S. A.; Vitek, J. M.
International Materials Reviews, Vol. 34, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1179/imr.1989.34.1.213

Single-crystal laser deposition of superalloys: processing–microstructure maps
journal, April 2001

Gäumann, M.; Bezençon, C.; Canalis, P.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 49, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00367-0

Energy Coupling Mechanisms and Scaling Behavior Associated with Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
journal, April 2019

Ye, Jianchao; Khairallah, Saad A.; Rubenchik, Alexander M.
Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1002/adem.201900185

The effect of laser scanning strategies on texture, mechanical properties, and site-specific grain orientation in selective laser melted 316L SS
journal, August 2020

Marattukalam, Jithin James; Karlsson, Dennis; Pacheco, Victor
Materials & Design, Vol. 193
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108852

Normalised model-based processing diagrams for additive layer manufacture of engineering alloys
journal, April 2016

Thomas, Meurig; Baxter, Gavin J.; Todd, Iain
Acta Materialia, Vol. 108
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.025

Thermophysikalische Eigenschaften von festem und flüssigem Inconel 718
journal, January 2002

Pottlacher, G.; Hosaeus, H.; Wilthan, B.
Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 382, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00751-1

Interdendritic Spacing: Part II. A Comparison of Theory and Experiment
journal, June 1984

Trivedi, R.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 15, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/BF02644689

Epitaxial laser metal forming: analysis of microstructure formation
journal, November 1999

Gäumann, M.; Henry, S.; Cléton, F.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 271, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00202-6

Falcon: Visual analysis of large, irregularly sampled, and multivariate time series data in additive manufacturing
journal, April 2017

Steed, Chad A.; Halsey, William; Dehoff, Ryan
Computers & Graphics, Vol. 63
DOI: 10.1016/j.cag.2017.02.005

A new TriBeam system for three-dimensional multimodal materials analysis
journal, February 2012

Echlin, McLean P.; Mottura, Alessandro; Torbet, Christopher J.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1063/1.3680111

Truchas – a multi-physics tool for casting simulation
journal, August 2009

Korzekwa, D. A.
International Journal of Cast Metals Research, Vol. 22, Issue 1-4
DOI: 10.1179/136404609X367641

Cellular and dendritic growth. I
journal, April 1974

Burden, M. H.; Hunt, J. D.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 22, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(74)90126-2

Mechanical Blocking Mechanism for the Columnar to Equiaxed Transition
journal, September 2008

Biscuola, V. B.; Martorano, M. A.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 39, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-008-9643-x

Thermographic measurements of the commercial laser powder bed fusion process at NIST
journal, August 2016

Lane, Brandon; Moylan, Shawn; Whitenton, Eric P.
Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 22, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1108/RPJ-11-2015-0161

Numerical modeling of heat-transfer and the influence of process parameters on tailoring the grain morphology of IN718 in electron beam additive manufacturing
journal, June 2016

Raghavan, Narendran; Dehoff, Ryan; Pannala, Sreekanth
Acta Materialia, Vol. 112
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.063

A method to correct coordinate distortion in EBSD maps
journal, October 2014

Zhang, Y. B.; Elbrønd, A.; Lin, F. X.
Materials Characterization, Vol. 96
DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2014.08.003

Comparison of Residual Stresses in Inconel 718 Simple Parts Made by Electron Beam Melting and Direct Laser Metal Sintering
journal, January 2015

Sochalski-Kolbus, L. M.; Payzant, E. A.; Cornwell, P. A.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 46, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-014-2722-2

The role of process variables in laser-based direct metal solid freeform fabrication
journal, September 2001

Beuth, Jack; Klingbeil, Nathan
JOM, Vol. 53, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-001-0067-y

A sensitivity analysis of the columnar-to-equiaxed transition for Ni-based superalloys in electron beam additive manufacturing
journal, December 2018

Haines, M.; Plotkowski, A.; Frederick, C. L.
Computational Materials Science, Vol. 155
DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2018.08.064

Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility
journal, October 2017

Wang, Y. Morris; Voisin, Thomas; McKeown, Joseph T.
Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/nmat5021

Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing: Physics of complex melt flow and formation mechanisms of pores, spatter, and denudation zones
journal, April 2016

Khairallah, Saad A.; Anderson, Andrew T.; Rubenchik, Alexander
Acta Materialia, Vol. 108
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.014

Thermographic in-situ process monitoring of the electron-beam melting technology used in additive manufacturing
conference, May 2013

Dinwiddie, Ralph B.; Dehoff, Ryan R.; Lloyd, Peter D.
SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, SPIE Proceedings
DOI: 10.1117/12.2018412

Three-dimensional Analysis and Reconstruction of Additively Manufactured Materials in the Cloud-Based BisQue Infrastructure
journal, March 2019

Polonsky, Andrew T.; Lang, Christian A.; Kvilekval, Kristian G.
Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation, Vol. 8, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s40192-019-00126-7

Numerical modeling and experimental validation of thermal history and microstructure for additive manufacturing of an Inconel 718 product
journal, January 2018

Promoppatum, Patcharapit; Yao, Shi-Chune; Pistorius, P. Chris
Progress in Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 3, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1007/s40964-018-0039-1

Stability effects in dendritic crystal growth
journal, December 1977

Langer, J. S.; Müller-Krumbhaar, J.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 42
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(77)90171-3

Dendrite growth at the limit of stability: tip radius and spacing
journal, January 1981

Kurz, W.; Fisher, D. J.
Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 29, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(81)90082-1

Thermophysical properties of solid and liquid Inconel 718 alloy
journal, January 2001

Hosaeus, Herwig; Seifter, Achim; Kaschnitz, Erhard
High Temperatures-High Pressures, Vol. 33, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1068/htwu340

A framework for automated analysis and simulation of 3D polycrystalline microstructures.Part 1: Statistical characterization
journal, April 2008

Groeber, M.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 56, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.11.041

Python for Scientific Computing
journal, January 2007

Oliphant, Travis E.
Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1109/MCSE.2007.58

Steady state columnar and equiaxed growth of dendrites and eutectic
journal, July 1984

Hunt, J. D.
Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 65, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0025-5416(84)90201-5

Solidification microstructures near the limit of absolute stability
journal, April 1989

Trivedi, R.; Sekhar, J. A.; Seetharaman, V.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 20, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1007/BF02667594

Continuous growth model for interface motion during alloy solidification
journal, August 1988

Aziz, Michael J.; Kaplan, Theodore
Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 36, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(88)90333-1

Defects and 3D structural inhomogeneity in electron beam additively manufactured Inconel 718
journal, September 2018

Polonsky, Andrew T.; Echlin, McLean P.; Lenthe, William C.
Materials Characterization, Vol. 143
DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2018.02.020

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Defects and 3D structural inhomogeneity in electron beam additively manufactured Inconel 718

Journal Article Polonsky, Andrew T., E-mail: polonsky@ucsb.edu ; Echlin, McLean P. ; Lenthe, William C. ; ... - Materials Characterization

Highlights: • A protocol for 3D characterization of structure and defects in additively manufactured EBM 718 is presented. • Lack of fusion defects disrupt local microstructure, creating isolated regions of equiaxed grains. • Clustering of micron-scale nitrides is attributed to a particle rafting process. • Normalized size-number density relationship of carbides matches that of industrial ingots. • Removal of porosity via post-processing will not correct microstructural inhomogeneities created by lack of fusion defects. - Abstract: Material structure and defects created during additive manufacturing contribute to the variability in mechanical properties of these parts, limiting their use for critical applications. Three-dimensionalmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATCHAR.2018.02.020
Numerical modeling of heat-transfer and the influence of process parameters on tailoring the grain morphology of IN718 in electron beam additive manufacturing

Journal Article Raghavan, Narendran ; Dehoff, Ryan ; Pannala, Sreekanth ; ... - Acta Materialia

The fabrication of 3-D parts from CAD models by additive manufacturing (AM) is a disruptive technology that is transforming the metal manufacturing industry. The correlation between solidification microstructure and mechanical properties has been well understood in the casting and welding processes over the years. This paper focuses on extending these principles to additive manufacturing to understand the transient phenomena of repeated melting and solidification during electron beam powder melting process to achieve site-specific microstructure control within a fabricated component. In this paper, we have developed a novel melt scan strategy for electron beam melting of nickel-base superalloy (Inconel 718) andmore »« less
Cited by 293
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.063

Full Text Available
3D Characterization of the Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Additively Manufactured Inconel 718

Conference Polonsky, Andrew ; Raghavan, Narendran ; Echlin, McLean ; ...

Additive manufacturing (AM) provides enormous processing flexibility, enabling novel part geometries and optimized designs. Access to a local heat source further permits the potential for local microstructure control on the scale of individual melt pools, which can enable local control of part properties. In order to design tailored processing strategies for target microstructures, models predicting the columnar-to-equiaxed transition must be extended to the high solidification velocities and complex thermal histories present in AM. Here, we combine 3D characterization with advanced modeling techniques to develop a more complete understanding of the solidification process and evolution of microstructure during electron beam meltingmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51834-9_97

Full Text Available
Strategy for Texture Management in Metals Additive Manufacturing

Journal Article Kirka, Michael M. ; Lee, Yousub ; Greeley, Duncan A. ; ... - JOM. Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have long been recognized for their ability to fabricate complex geometric components directly from models conceptualized through computers, allowing for complicated designs and assemblies to be fabricated at lower costs, with shorter time to market, and improved function. Lacking behind the design complexity aspect is the ability to fully exploit AM processes for control over texture within AM components. Currently, standard heat-fill strategies utilized in AM processes result in largely columnar grain structures. Here, we propose a point heat source fill for the electron beam melting (EBM) process through which the texture in AM materials canmore »« less
Cited by 106
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2264-3

Full Text Available
Thermal Effects on Microstructural Heterogeneity of Inconel 718 Materials Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting

Journal Article Sames, William J. ; Unocic, Kinga A. ; Dehoff, Ryan R. ; ... - Journal of Materials Research

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, also known as 3D printing, have demonstrated the potential to fabricate complex geometrical components, but the resulting microstructures and mechanical properties of these materials are not well understood due to unique and complex thermal cycles observed during processing. The electron beam melting (EBM) process is unique because the powder bed temperature can be elevated and maintained at temperatures over 1000 °C for the duration of the process. This results in three specific stages of microstructural phase evolution: (a) rapid cool down from the melting temperature to the process temperature, (b) extended hold at the process temperature,more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.140

Similar Records

Title: Scan strategies in EBM-printed IN718 and the physics of bulk 3D microstructure development

Abstract

Citation Formats

Microstructural and micromechanical characterization of IN718 theta shaped specimens built with electron beam melting journal, April 2016

Solidification-driven orientation gradients in additively manufactured stainless steel journal, January 2020

High-throughput stochastic tensile performance of additively manufactured stainless steel journal, March 2017

Evolution of solidification texture during additive manufacturing journal, November 2015

Recyclability Study on Inconel 718 and Ti-6Al-4V Powders for Use in Electron Beam Melting journal, October 2015

Modeling of additive manufacturing processes for metals: Challenges and opportunities journal, August 2017

Corroborating tomographic defect metrics with mechanical response in an additively manufactured precipitation-hardened stainless steel conference, January 2018

Formation of the Ni3Nb δ-Phase in Stress-Relieved Inconel 625 Produced via Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing journal, August 2017

Overhanging Features and the SLM/DMLS Residual Stresses Problem: Review and Future Research Need journal, April 2017

A Local Support-Operators Diffusion Discretization Scheme for Hexahedral Meshes journal, June 2001

Microstructure Development in Electron Beam-Melted Inconel 718 and Associated Tensile Properties journal, February 2016

Theory of microstructural development during rapid solidification journal, May 1986

Strategy for Texture Management in Metals Additive Manufacturing journal, January 2017

In situ X-ray imaging of defect and molten pool dynamics in laser additive manufacturing journal, April 2018

Cellular and dendritic growth. II journal, April 1974

Dendritic growth journal, January 1994

Rapid solidification processing and microstructure formation journal, May 1994

Nucleation ahead of the advancing interface in directional solidification journal, June 1997

Denudation of metal powder layers in laser powder bed fusion processes journal, August 2016

Rapid solidification under local nonequilibrium conditions journal, June 1997

Mesoscopic simulation model of selective laser melting of stainless steel powder journal, November 2014

Ultrafast X-ray imaging of laser–metal additive manufacturing processes journal, August 2018

An improved prediction of residual stresses and distortion in additive manufacturing journal, January 2017

Overview of modelling and simulation of metal powder bed fusion process at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory journal, November 2014

Recent Developments in Femtosecond Laser-Enabled TriBeam Systems journal, November 2021

DREAM.3D: A Digital Representation Environment for the Analysis of Microstructure in 3D journal, April 2014

A residual heat compensation based scan strategy for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing journal, August 2020

The TriBeam system: Femtosecond laser ablation in situ SEM journal, February 2015

Probing temperature during laser spot welding from vapor composition and modeling journal, November 2003

The Solidification of Multicomponent Alloys journal, November 2015

Mechanistic models for additive manufacturing of metallic components journal, February 2021

Localized melt-scan strategy for site specific control of grain size and primary dendrite arm spacing in electron beam additive manufacturing journal, November 2017

Bisque: a platform for bioimage analysis and management journal, December 2009

The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing journal, March 2016

Extreme-Value Statistics Reveal Rare Failure-Critical Defects in Additive Manufacturing : Extreme-Value Statistics Reveal Rare Failure- Critical Defects… journal, April 2017

Heat transfer and material flow during laser assisted multi-layer additive manufacturing journal, September 2014

Construction of Cellular Substructure in Laser Powder Bed Fusion journal, November 2019

Nucleation and growth of chimney pores during electron-beam additive manufacturing journal, December 2016

Anisotropic tensile behavior of Ti–6Al–4V components fabricated with directed energy deposition additive manufacturing journal, April 2015

Site specific control of crystallographic grain orientation through electron beam additive manufacturing journal, November 2014

The effect of beam scan strategies on microstructural variations in Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by electron beam powder bed fusion journal, November 2020

Non-equilibrium interface kinetics during rapid solidification journal, April 1994

Thermo-Calc & DICTRA, computational tools for materials science journal, June 2002

Diagrams for laser materials processing journal, July 1992

Crystallographic texture engineering through novel melt strategies via electron beam melting: Inconel 718 journal, October 2014

Correlation between solidification parameters and weld microstructures journal, January 1989

Single-crystal laser deposition of superalloys: processing–microstructure maps journal, April 2001

Energy Coupling Mechanisms and Scaling Behavior Associated with Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing journal, April 2019

The effect of laser scanning strategies on texture, mechanical properties, and site-specific grain orientation in selective laser melted 316L SS journal, August 2020

Normalised model-based processing diagrams for additive layer manufacture of engineering alloys journal, April 2016

Thermophysikalische Eigenschaften von festem und flüssigem Inconel 718 journal, January 2002

Interdendritic Spacing: Part II. A Comparison of Theory and Experiment journal, June 1984

Epitaxial laser metal forming: analysis of microstructure formation journal, November 1999

Falcon: Visual analysis of large, irregularly sampled, and multivariate time series data in additive manufacturing journal, April 2017

A new TriBeam system for three-dimensional multimodal materials analysis journal, February 2012

Truchas – a multi-physics tool for casting simulation journal, August 2009

Cellular and dendritic growth. I journal, April 1974

Mechanical Blocking Mechanism for the Columnar to Equiaxed Transition journal, September 2008

Thermographic measurements of the commercial laser powder bed fusion process at NIST journal, August 2016

Numerical modeling of heat-transfer and the influence of process parameters on tailoring the grain morphology of IN718 in electron beam additive manufacturing journal, June 2016

A method to correct coordinate distortion in EBSD maps journal, October 2014

Comparison of Residual Stresses in Inconel 718 Simple Parts Made by Electron Beam Melting and Direct Laser Metal Sintering journal, January 2015

The role of process variables in laser-based direct metal solid freeform fabrication journal, September 2001

A sensitivity analysis of the columnar-to-equiaxed transition for Ni-based superalloys in electron beam additive manufacturing journal, December 2018

Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility journal, October 2017

Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing: Physics of complex melt flow and formation mechanisms of pores, spatter, and denudation zones journal, April 2016

Thermographic in-situ process monitoring of the electron-beam melting technology used in additive manufacturing conference, May 2013

Three-dimensional Analysis and Reconstruction of Additively Manufactured Materials in the Cloud-Based BisQue Infrastructure journal, March 2019

Numerical modeling and experimental validation of thermal history and microstructure for additive manufacturing of an Inconel 718 product journal, January 2018

Stability effects in dendritic crystal growth journal, December 1977

Dendrite growth at the limit of stability: tip radius and spacing journal, January 1981

Thermophysical properties of solid and liquid Inconel 718 alloy journal, January 2001

A framework for automated analysis and simulation of 3D polycrystalline microstructures.Part 1: Statistical characterization journal, April 2008

Python for Scientific Computing journal, January 2007

Steady state columnar and equiaxed growth of dendrites and eutectic journal, July 1984

Solidification microstructures near the limit of absolute stability journal, April 1989

Continuous growth model for interface motion during alloy solidification journal, August 1988

Microstructural and micromechanical characterization of IN718 theta shaped specimens built with electron beam melting
journal, April 2016

Solidification-driven orientation gradients in additively manufactured stainless steel
journal, January 2020

High-throughput stochastic tensile performance of additively manufactured stainless steel
journal, March 2017

Evolution of solidification texture during additive manufacturing
journal, November 2015

Recyclability Study on Inconel 718 and Ti-6Al-4V Powders for Use in Electron Beam Melting
journal, October 2015

Modeling of additive manufacturing processes for metals: Challenges and opportunities
journal, August 2017

Corroborating tomographic defect metrics with mechanical response in an additively manufactured precipitation-hardened stainless steel
conference, January 2018

Formation of the Ni3Nb δ-Phase in Stress-Relieved Inconel 625 Produced via Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
journal, August 2017

Overhanging Features and the SLM/DMLS Residual Stresses Problem: Review and Future Research Need
journal, April 2017

A Local Support-Operators Diffusion Discretization Scheme for Hexahedral Meshes
journal, June 2001

Microstructure Development in Electron Beam-Melted Inconel 718 and Associated Tensile Properties
journal, February 2016

Theory of microstructural development during rapid solidification
journal, May 1986

Strategy for Texture Management in Metals Additive Manufacturing
journal, January 2017

In situ X-ray imaging of defect and molten pool dynamics in laser additive manufacturing
journal, April 2018

Cellular and dendritic growth. II
journal, April 1974

Dendritic growth
journal, January 1994

Rapid solidification processing and microstructure formation
journal, May 1994

Nucleation ahead of the advancing interface in directional solidification
journal, June 1997

Denudation of metal powder layers in laser powder bed fusion processes
journal, August 2016

Rapid solidification under local nonequilibrium conditions
journal, June 1997

Mesoscopic simulation model of selective laser melting of stainless steel powder
journal, November 2014

Ultrafast X-ray imaging of laser–metal additive manufacturing processes
journal, August 2018

An improved prediction of residual stresses and distortion in additive manufacturing
journal, January 2017

Overview of modelling and simulation of metal powder bed fusion process at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
journal, November 2014

Recent Developments in Femtosecond Laser-Enabled TriBeam Systems
journal, November 2021

DREAM.3D: A Digital Representation Environment for the Analysis of Microstructure in 3D
journal, April 2014

A residual heat compensation based scan strategy for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
journal, August 2020

The TriBeam system: Femtosecond laser ablation in situ SEM
journal, February 2015

Probing temperature during laser spot welding from vapor composition and modeling
journal, November 2003

The Solidification of Multicomponent Alloys
journal, November 2015

Mechanistic models for additive manufacturing of metallic components
journal, February 2021

Localized melt-scan strategy for site specific control of grain size and primary dendrite arm spacing in electron beam additive manufacturing
journal, November 2017

Bisque: a platform for bioimage analysis and management
journal, December 2009

The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing
journal, March 2016

Extreme-Value Statistics Reveal Rare Failure-Critical Defects in Additive Manufacturing : Extreme-Value Statistics Reveal Rare Failure- Critical Defects…
journal, April 2017

Heat transfer and material flow during laser assisted multi-layer additive manufacturing
journal, September 2014

Construction of Cellular Substructure in Laser Powder Bed Fusion
journal, November 2019

Nucleation and growth of chimney pores during electron-beam additive manufacturing
journal, December 2016

Anisotropic tensile behavior of Ti–6Al–4V components fabricated with directed energy deposition additive manufacturing
journal, April 2015

Site specific control of crystallographic grain orientation through electron beam additive manufacturing
journal, November 2014

The effect of beam scan strategies on microstructural variations in Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by electron beam powder bed fusion
journal, November 2020

Non-equilibrium interface kinetics during rapid solidification
journal, April 1994

Thermo-Calc & DICTRA, computational tools for materials science
journal, June 2002

Diagrams for laser materials processing
journal, July 1992

Crystallographic texture engineering through novel melt strategies via electron beam melting: Inconel 718
journal, October 2014

Correlation between solidification parameters and weld microstructures
journal, January 1989

Single-crystal laser deposition of superalloys: processing–microstructure maps
journal, April 2001

Energy Coupling Mechanisms and Scaling Behavior Associated with Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
journal, April 2019

The effect of laser scanning strategies on texture, mechanical properties, and site-specific grain orientation in selective laser melted 316L SS
journal, August 2020

Normalised model-based processing diagrams for additive layer manufacture of engineering alloys
journal, April 2016

Thermophysikalische Eigenschaften von festem und flüssigem Inconel 718
journal, January 2002

Interdendritic Spacing: Part II. A Comparison of Theory and Experiment
journal, June 1984

Epitaxial laser metal forming: analysis of microstructure formation
journal, November 1999

Falcon: Visual analysis of large, irregularly sampled, and multivariate time series data in additive manufacturing
journal, April 2017

A new TriBeam system for three-dimensional multimodal materials analysis
journal, February 2012

Truchas – a multi-physics tool for casting simulation
journal, August 2009

Cellular and dendritic growth. I
journal, April 1974

Mechanical Blocking Mechanism for the Columnar to Equiaxed Transition
journal, September 2008

Thermographic measurements of the commercial laser powder bed fusion process at NIST
journal, August 2016

Numerical modeling of heat-transfer and the influence of process parameters on tailoring the grain morphology of IN718 in electron beam additive manufacturing
journal, June 2016

A method to correct coordinate distortion in EBSD maps
journal, October 2014

Comparison of Residual Stresses in Inconel 718 Simple Parts Made by Electron Beam Melting and Direct Laser Metal Sintering
journal, January 2015

The role of process variables in laser-based direct metal solid freeform fabrication
journal, September 2001

A sensitivity analysis of the columnar-to-equiaxed transition for Ni-based superalloys in electron beam additive manufacturing
journal, December 2018

Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility
journal, October 2017

Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing: Physics of complex melt flow and formation mechanisms of pores, spatter, and denudation zones
journal, April 2016

Thermographic in-situ process monitoring of the electron-beam melting technology used in additive manufacturing
conference, May 2013

Three-dimensional Analysis and Reconstruction of Additively Manufactured Materials in the Cloud-Based BisQue Infrastructure
journal, March 2019

Numerical modeling and experimental validation of thermal history and microstructure for additive manufacturing of an Inconel 718 product
journal, January 2018

Stability effects in dendritic crystal growth
journal, December 1977

Dendrite growth at the limit of stability: tip radius and spacing
journal, January 1981

Thermophysical properties of solid and liquid Inconel 718 alloy
journal, January 2001

A framework for automated analysis and simulation of 3D polycrystalline microstructures.Part 1: Statistical characterization
journal, April 2008

Python for Scientific Computing
journal, January 2007

Steady state columnar and equiaxed growth of dendrites and eutectic
journal, July 1984

Solidification microstructures near the limit of absolute stability
journal, April 1989

Continuous growth model for interface motion during alloy solidification
journal, August 1988

Defects and 3D structural inhomogeneity in electron beam additively manufactured Inconel 718
journal, September 2018