Brachypodium Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) Promotes Antiviral Defenses against Panicum mosaic virus and Its Satellites
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon has recently emerged as a premier model plant for monocot biology, akin to Arabidopsis thaliana. We previously reported genome-wide transcriptomic and alternative splicing changes occurring in Brachypodium during compatible infections with Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) and its satellite virus (SPMV). Here, we dissected the role of Brachypodium phenylalanine ammonia lyase 1 (PAL1), a key enzyme for phenylpropanoid and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and the induction of plant defenses. Targeted metabolomics profiling of PMV-infected and PMV- plus SPMV-infected (PMV/SPMV) Brachypodium plants revealed enhanced levels of multiple defense-related hormones and metabolites such as cinnamic acid, SA, and fatty acids and lignin precursors during disease progression. The virus-induced accumulation of SA and lignin was significantly suppressed upon knockdown of B. distachyon PAL1 (BdPAL1) using RNA interference (RNAi). The compromised SA accumulation in PMV/SPMV-infected BdPAL1 RNAi plants correlated with weaker induction of multiple SA-related defense gene markers (pathogenesis related 1 [PR-1], PR-3, PR-5, and WRKY75) and enhanced susceptibility to PMV/SPMV compared to that of wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, exogenous application of SA alleviated the PMV/SPMV necrotic disease phenotypes and delayed plant death caused by single and mixed infections. Together, our results support an antiviral role for BdPAL1 during compatible host-virus interaction, perhapsmore »
- Authors:
-
- Texas A &M Unive. System, Weslaco, TX (United States). Texas A & M AgriLife Research and Extension Center
- U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL (United States). Center of Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology. Chemistry Unit
- Illinois State Univ., Normal, IL (United States). DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center. School of Biological Sciences
- Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Dept. of Plant Pathology and Microbiology
- Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Texas A & M AgriLife Research; Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Dept. of Plant Pathology and Microbiology
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDA
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1849053
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FC02-07ER64494; 2016-67013-24738; 1023984; CSP503406
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- mBio
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 12; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2161-2129
- Publisher:
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; microbiology; plant-virus interactions; grasses; defense hormones; bioenergy; metabolic pathways
Citation Formats
Pant, Shankar R., Irigoyen, Sonia, Liu, Jiaxing, Bedre, Renesh, Christensen, Shawn A., Schmelz, Eric A., Sedbrook, John C., Scholthof, Karen-Beth G., and Mandadi, Kranthi K. Brachypodium Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) Promotes Antiviral Defenses against Panicum mosaic virus and Its Satellites. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1128/mbio.03518-20.
Pant, Shankar R., Irigoyen, Sonia, Liu, Jiaxing, Bedre, Renesh, Christensen, Shawn A., Schmelz, Eric A., Sedbrook, John C., Scholthof, Karen-Beth G., & Mandadi, Kranthi K. Brachypodium Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) Promotes Antiviral Defenses against Panicum mosaic virus and Its Satellites. United States. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.03518-20
Pant, Shankar R., Irigoyen, Sonia, Liu, Jiaxing, Bedre, Renesh, Christensen, Shawn A., Schmelz, Eric A., Sedbrook, John C., Scholthof, Karen-Beth G., and Mandadi, Kranthi K. Tue .
"Brachypodium Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) Promotes Antiviral Defenses against Panicum mosaic virus and Its Satellites". United States. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.03518-20. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1849053.
@article{osti_1849053,
title = {Brachypodium Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) Promotes Antiviral Defenses against Panicum mosaic virus and Its Satellites},
author = {Pant, Shankar R. and Irigoyen, Sonia and Liu, Jiaxing and Bedre, Renesh and Christensen, Shawn A. and Schmelz, Eric A. and Sedbrook, John C. and Scholthof, Karen-Beth G. and Mandadi, Kranthi K.},
abstractNote = {Brachypodium distachyon has recently emerged as a premier model plant for monocot biology, akin to Arabidopsis thaliana. We previously reported genome-wide transcriptomic and alternative splicing changes occurring in Brachypodium during compatible infections with Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) and its satellite virus (SPMV). Here, we dissected the role of Brachypodium phenylalanine ammonia lyase 1 (PAL1), a key enzyme for phenylpropanoid and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and the induction of plant defenses. Targeted metabolomics profiling of PMV-infected and PMV- plus SPMV-infected (PMV/SPMV) Brachypodium plants revealed enhanced levels of multiple defense-related hormones and metabolites such as cinnamic acid, SA, and fatty acids and lignin precursors during disease progression. The virus-induced accumulation of SA and lignin was significantly suppressed upon knockdown of B. distachyon PAL1 (BdPAL1) using RNA interference (RNAi). The compromised SA accumulation in PMV/SPMV-infected BdPAL1 RNAi plants correlated with weaker induction of multiple SA-related defense gene markers (pathogenesis related 1 [PR-1], PR-3, PR-5, and WRKY75) and enhanced susceptibility to PMV/SPMV compared to that of wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, exogenous application of SA alleviated the PMV/SPMV necrotic disease phenotypes and delayed plant death caused by single and mixed infections. Together, our results support an antiviral role for BdPAL1 during compatible host-virus interaction, perhaps as a last resort attempt to rescue the infected plant.},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.03518-20},
journal = {mBio},
number = 1,
volume = 12,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Feb 16 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Tue Feb 16 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
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