Temperature-responsive smart tracers for field-measurement of inter-well thermal evolution: Heterogeneous kinetics and field demonstration

Hawkins, Adam J.; Bender, Jay T.; Grooms, Robert D.; Schissel, Colette J.; Tester, Jefferson W.

doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102046

Title: Temperature-responsive smart tracers for field-measurement of inter-well thermal evolution: Heterogeneous kinetics and field demonstration

Abstract

Temperature-responsive smart tracers enable advanced warning of a “premature thermal breakthrough” and may therefore improve reservoir management and reduce financial risk. A successful calculation of inter-well fluid temperatures requires that temperature-dependent kinetics are known, which typically result from homogeneous batch reactor experiments. However, recent meso-scale field experiments at the Altona Field Laboratory involving fluid flow in a discretely-fractured reservoir suggest that silica-fluid interfaces may accelerate hydrolysis kinetics. Here, the Arrhenius parameters of phenyl acetate hydrolysis are investigated under heterogeneous reaction conditions in packed-bed column experiments. The breakthrough curve of the reaction product is compared to an inert reference tracer (carbon-cored nanoparticles). Temperatures experienced during field testing ranging from 10 to 40 °C were studied using a phosphate buffer solution to maintain a near-neutral pH, as found in the reservoir. The empirically-determined pre-exponential factor and activation energy values are subsequently used in a first-order kinetic model to improve calculations of effective reservoir temperatures for these meso-scale field tests. Here, the results suggest that hydrolysis reactions can directly monitor inter-well reservoir temperatures, but only if the influence of solid-fluid interactions are carefully accounted for.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]; Grooms, Robert D. ^[2];

^[2]; Tester, Jefferson W. ^[2]

Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: Sat Jan 30 00:00:00 EST 2021

Research Org.:: Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1843959

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1779936

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0006764

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Geothermics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 92; Journal ID: ISSN 0375-6505

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY; Temperature-responsive smart tracer; Carbon-cored nanoparticles; Field study; Premature thermal breakthrough; Phenyl acetate; Heterogeneous kinetics

Citation Formats


                    Hawkins, Adam J., Bender, Jay T., Grooms, Robert D., Schissel, Colette J., and Tester, Jefferson W. Temperature-responsive smart tracers for field-measurement of inter-well thermal evolution: Heterogeneous kinetics and field demonstration.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102046.

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                    Hawkins, Adam J., Bender, Jay T., Grooms, Robert D., Schissel, Colette J., & Tester, Jefferson W. Temperature-responsive smart tracers for field-measurement of inter-well thermal evolution: Heterogeneous kinetics and field demonstration.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102046

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                    Hawkins, Adam J., Bender, Jay T., Grooms, Robert D., Schissel, Colette J., and Tester, Jefferson W. Sat .  
"Temperature-responsive smart tracers for field-measurement of inter-well thermal evolution: Heterogeneous kinetics and field demonstration".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102046.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1843959.

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@article{osti_1843959,

  title        = {Temperature-responsive smart tracers for field-measurement of inter-well thermal evolution: Heterogeneous kinetics and field demonstration},

  author       = {Hawkins, Adam J. and Bender, Jay T. and Grooms, Robert D. and Schissel, Colette J. and Tester, Jefferson W.},

  abstractNote = {Temperature-responsive smart tracers enable advanced warning of a “premature thermal breakthrough” and may therefore improve reservoir management and reduce financial risk. A successful calculation of inter-well fluid temperatures requires that temperature-dependent kinetics are known, which typically result from homogeneous batch reactor experiments. However, recent meso-scale field experiments at the Altona Field Laboratory involving fluid flow in a discretely-fractured reservoir suggest that silica-fluid interfaces may accelerate hydrolysis kinetics. Here, the Arrhenius parameters of phenyl acetate hydrolysis are investigated under heterogeneous reaction conditions in packed-bed column experiments. The breakthrough curve of the reaction product is compared to an inert reference tracer (carbon-cored nanoparticles). Temperatures experienced during field testing ranging from 10 to 40 °C were studied using a phosphate buffer solution to maintain a near-neutral pH, as found in the reservoir. The empirically-determined pre-exponential factor and activation energy values are subsequently used in a first-order kinetic model to improve calculations of effective reservoir temperatures for these meso-scale field tests. Here, the results suggest that hydrolysis reactions can directly monitor inter-well reservoir temperatures, but only if the influence of solid-fluid interactions are carefully accounted for.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102046},

  journal      = {Geothermics},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 92,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sat Jan 30 00:00:00 EST 2021},

  month        = {Sat Jan 30 00:00:00 EST 2021}

}

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Title: Temperature-responsive smart tracers for field-measurement of inter-well thermal evolution: Heterogeneous kinetics and field demonstration

Abstract

Citation Formats

A Buffer Solution for Colorimetric Comparison journal, November 1921

Energy extraction from fractured geothermal reservoirs in low-permeability crystalline rock journal, January 1981

Geothermal Reinjection Experience in Japan journal, March 1982

Hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate in aged, acid-forced hydrolysed nanomolar inorganic iron solutions—an inorganic biocatalyst? journal, January 2012

Thermal Effects of Reinjection in Geothermal Reservoirs With Major Vertical Fractures journal, September 1984

Submicrometer-Sized Thermometer Particles Exploiting Selective Nucleic Acid Stability journal, December 2015

The Hijiori Hot Dry Rock test site, Japan journal, February 2008

The effect of spatial aperture variations on the thermal performance of discretely fractured geothermal reservoirs journal, October 2015

A numerical solution to estimate hydro-geologic parameters of a fractured geothermal porous medium based on fluorescein thermal decay correction journal, July 2014

Reservoir Sizing Using Inert and Chemically Reacting Tracers journal, March 1988

Imazamethabenz hydrolysis on oxide surfaces at several pH journal, January 2008

Catalytic hydrolysis of microcystin-LR peptides on the surface of naturally occurring minerals journal, October 2019

Determination of optimum parameters of doublet system in a horizontally fractured geothermal reservoir journal, May 2014

Sensitivity analysis of coupled processes and parameters on the performance of enhanced geothermal systems journal, December 2017

Kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of organic esters and amides in neutrally-buffered solution journal, May 1990

Inert and Adsorptive Tracer Tests for Field Measurement of Flow‐Wetted Surface Area journal, August 2018

An evaluation of interferences in heat production from low enthalpy geothermal doublets systems journal, September 2017

Enhanced rates of monophenyl terephthalate hydrolysis in aluminum oxide suspensions journal, February 1989

Temperature determination using thermo-sensitive tracers: Experimental validation in an isothermal column heat exchanger journal, January 2015

Tracer design for tracking thermal fronts in geothermal reservoirs journal, July 2012

Evaluation of inert tracers in a bedrock fracture using ground penetrating radar and thermal sensors journal, May 2017

The interaction of metal oxide surfaces with complexing agents dissolved in water journal, January 2000

Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in a single fracture in EGS journal, May 2016

Geothermal reinjection experience journal, February 1997

Measurement and simulation of heat exchange in fractured bedrock using inert and thermally degrading tracers: THERMALLY DEGRADING TESTS journal, February 2017

Field demonstration of the combined use of thermally-degrading and cation-exchanging tracers to predict thermal drawdown in a geothermal reservoir journal, January 2020

Hydrolysis of an Organophosphate Ester by Manganese Dioxide journal, February 2001

Solute Reactive Tracers for Hydrogeological Applications: A Short Review and Future Prospects journal, February 2020

Reinjection in geothermal fields: A review of worldwide experience journal, January 2011

Amides as thermo-sensitive tracers for investigating the thermal state of geothermal reservoirs journal, November 2016

Effects of adsorption onto silica sand particles on the hydrolysis of tetracycline antibiotics journal, January 2012

Assessment of the Enhanced Geothermal System Resource Base of the United States journal, March 2007

Rock-water interactions in the Fenton Hill, New Mexico, hot dry rock geothermal systems. II. Modeling geochemical behavior journal, January 1989

Determination of temperatures and cooled fractions by means of hydrolyzable thermo-sensitive tracers journal, November 2015

Temperature nanotracers for fractured reservoirs characterization journal, March 2015

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The feasibility of using carbamates to track the thermal state in geothermal reservoirs journal, March 2018

Sustainable heat farming: Modeling extraction and recovery in discretely fractured geothermal reservoirs journal, April 2013

Reinjection in geothermal fields − A worldwide review update journal, January 2016

Thermal stabilities of aromatic acids as geothermal tracers journal, June 1992

Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters Catalyzed by Inorganic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Acting as Biocatalysts journal, March 2018

Thermal breakthrough calculations to optimize design of a multiple-stage Enhanced Geothermal System journal, November 2016

Optimization of fluorescence and surface adsorption of citric acid/ethanolamine carbon nanoparticles for subsurface tracers journal, November 2020

Development of thermo-reporting nanoparticles for accurate sensing of geothermal reservoir conditions journal, July 2020

Kinetics of fluorescein decay and its application as a geothermal tracer journal, January 1991

Analytical model for convection-conduction heat transfer during water injection in fractured geothermal reservoirs with variable rock matrix block size journal, September 2017

The application of the polyaromatic sulfonates as tracers in geothermal reservoirs journal, December 2001

A Buffer Solution for Colorimetric Comparison
journal, November 1921

Energy extraction from fractured geothermal reservoirs in low-permeability crystalline rock
journal, January 1981

Geothermal Reinjection Experience in Japan
journal, March 1982

Hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate in aged, acid-forced hydrolysed nanomolar inorganic iron solutions—an inorganic biocatalyst?
journal, January 2012

Thermal Effects of Reinjection in Geothermal Reservoirs With Major Vertical Fractures
journal, September 1984

Submicrometer-Sized Thermometer Particles Exploiting Selective Nucleic Acid Stability
journal, December 2015

The Hijiori Hot Dry Rock test site, Japan
journal, February 2008

The effect of spatial aperture variations on the thermal performance of discretely fractured geothermal reservoirs
journal, October 2015

A numerical solution to estimate hydro-geologic parameters of a fractured geothermal porous medium based on fluorescein thermal decay correction
journal, July 2014

Reservoir Sizing Using Inert and Chemically Reacting Tracers
journal, March 1988

Imazamethabenz hydrolysis on oxide surfaces at several pH
journal, January 2008

Catalytic hydrolysis of microcystin-LR peptides on the surface of naturally occurring minerals
journal, October 2019

Determination of optimum parameters of doublet system in a horizontally fractured geothermal reservoir
journal, May 2014

Sensitivity analysis of coupled processes and parameters on the performance of enhanced geothermal systems
journal, December 2017

Kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of organic esters and amides in neutrally-buffered solution
journal, May 1990

Inert and Adsorptive Tracer Tests for Field Measurement of Flow‐Wetted Surface Area
journal, August 2018

An evaluation of interferences in heat production from low enthalpy geothermal doublets systems
journal, September 2017

Enhanced rates of monophenyl terephthalate hydrolysis in aluminum oxide suspensions
journal, February 1989

Temperature determination using thermo-sensitive tracers: Experimental validation in an isothermal column heat exchanger
journal, January 2015

Tracer design for tracking thermal fronts in geothermal reservoirs
journal, July 2012

Evaluation of inert tracers in a bedrock fracture using ground penetrating radar and thermal sensors
journal, May 2017

The interaction of metal oxide surfaces with complexing agents dissolved in water
journal, January 2000

Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in a single fracture in EGS
journal, May 2016

Geothermal reinjection experience
journal, February 1997

Measurement and simulation of heat exchange in fractured bedrock using inert and thermally degrading tracers: THERMALLY DEGRADING TESTS
journal, February 2017

Field demonstration of the combined use of thermally-degrading and cation-exchanging tracers to predict thermal drawdown in a geothermal reservoir
journal, January 2020

Hydrolysis of an Organophosphate Ester by Manganese Dioxide
journal, February 2001

Solute Reactive Tracers for Hydrogeological Applications: A Short Review and Future Prospects
journal, February 2020

Reinjection in geothermal fields: A review of worldwide experience
journal, January 2011

Amides as thermo-sensitive tracers for investigating the thermal state of geothermal reservoirs
journal, November 2016

Effects of adsorption onto silica sand particles on the hydrolysis of tetracycline antibiotics
journal, January 2012

Assessment of the Enhanced Geothermal System Resource Base of the United States
journal, March 2007

Rock-water interactions in the Fenton Hill, New Mexico, hot dry rock geothermal systems. II. Modeling geochemical behavior
journal, January 1989

Determination of temperatures and cooled fractions by means of hydrolyzable thermo-sensitive tracers
journal, November 2015

Temperature nanotracers for fractured reservoirs characterization
journal, March 2015

Cost analysis of oil, gas, and geothermal well drilling
journal, June 2014

The feasibility of using carbamates to track the thermal state in geothermal reservoirs
journal, March 2018

Sustainable heat farming: Modeling extraction and recovery in discretely fractured geothermal reservoirs
journal, April 2013

Reinjection in geothermal fields − A worldwide review update
journal, January 2016

Thermal stabilities of aromatic acids as geothermal tracers
journal, June 1992

Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters Catalyzed by Inorganic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Acting as Biocatalysts
journal, March 2018

Thermal breakthrough calculations to optimize design of a multiple-stage Enhanced Geothermal System
journal, November 2016

Optimization of fluorescence and surface adsorption of citric acid/ethanolamine carbon nanoparticles for subsurface tracers
journal, November 2020

Development of thermo-reporting nanoparticles for accurate sensing of geothermal reservoir conditions
journal, July 2020

Kinetics of fluorescein decay and its application as a geothermal tracer
journal, January 1991

Analytical model for convection-conduction heat transfer during water injection in fractured geothermal reservoirs with variable rock matrix block size
journal, September 2017

The application of the polyaromatic sulfonates as tracers in geothermal reservoirs
journal, December 2001