Study of the Heater-Coil Electrical Insulation for the HL-LHC Low Beta Quadrupoles

Marinozzi, Vittorio; Ambrosio, Giorgio; Baldini, Maria; Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana; Ferracin, Paolo; Krave, Steven; Muratore, Joseph; Nobrega, Alfred; Parker, Marcellus; Todesco, Ezio; Turrioni, Daniele; Yu, Miao

doi:10.1109/TASC.2021.3061348

Title: Study of the Heater-Coil Electrical Insulation for the HL-LHC Low Beta Quadrupoles

Abstract

In the framework of the HL-LHC project, the present LHC low-β superconducting quadrupoles will be substituted with higher performance Nb₃Sn magnets (MQXF) with 11.4 T coil peak field. MQXF coils are impregnated with epoxy resin to reduce risk of stress concentration on the brittle conductor. The magnet quench protection is provided by CLIQ and quench heaters to ensure a redundant system. Quench heaters are impregnated with the coils in order to have suitable thermal contact with them, and to prevent the hot spot temperature from exceeding 350K during normal operation in case of a quench. Quench heaters are insulated from the coil by S-2 Glass and polyimide. Here, the test of the first MQXF prototype (4 m long) MQXFAP1 was stopped by a coil-to-ground short circuit triggered by a heater-to-coil short. This issue triggered a root analysis of the causes of this short. Here we prove that the use of a non-conforming cloth in coil impregnation, further weakened by non-conforming high voltage test, has triggered the shorts. Moreover, we present an analysis of the heater-to-coil insulation strength, showing the role of blistering phenomena and how they are triggered by a combination of magnet powering and heater firing.

Authors:

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Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2021

Research Org.:: Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1836569

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-20-589-TD
Journal ID: ISSN 1051-8223; oai:inspirehep.net:1860683; TRN: US2300399

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 31; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1051-8223

Publisher:: IEEE

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; electrical insulation; low-beta quadrupoles; superconducting magnets; Nb₃Sn

Citation Formats


                    Marinozzi, Vittorio, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Baldini, Maria, Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana, Ferracin, Paolo, Krave, Steven, Muratore, Joseph, Nobrega, Alfred, Parker, Marcellus, Todesco, Ezio, Turrioni, Daniele, and Yu, Miao. Study of the Heater-Coil Electrical Insulation for the HL-LHC Low Beta Quadrupoles.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1109/TASC.2021.3061348.

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                    Marinozzi, Vittorio, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Baldini, Maria, Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana, Ferracin, Paolo, Krave, Steven, Muratore, Joseph, Nobrega, Alfred, Parker, Marcellus, Todesco, Ezio, Turrioni, Daniele, & Yu, Miao. Study of the Heater-Coil Electrical Insulation for the HL-LHC Low Beta Quadrupoles.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3061348

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                    Marinozzi, Vittorio, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Baldini, Maria, Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana, Ferracin, Paolo, Krave, Steven, Muratore, Joseph, Nobrega, Alfred, Parker, Marcellus, Todesco, Ezio, Turrioni, Daniele, and Yu, Miao. Tue .  
"Study of the Heater-Coil Electrical Insulation for the HL-LHC Low Beta Quadrupoles".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3061348.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1836569.

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@article{osti_1836569,

  title        = {Study of the Heater-Coil Electrical Insulation for the HL-LHC Low Beta Quadrupoles},

  author       = {Marinozzi, Vittorio and Ambrosio, Giorgio and Baldini, Maria and Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana and Ferracin, Paolo and Krave, Steven and Muratore, Joseph and Nobrega, Alfred and Parker, Marcellus and Todesco, Ezio and Turrioni, Daniele and Yu, Miao},

  abstractNote = {In the framework of the HL-LHC project, the present LHC low-β superconducting quadrupoles will be substituted with higher performance Nb3Sn magnets (MQXF) with 11.4 T coil peak field. MQXF coils are impregnated with epoxy resin to reduce risk of stress concentration on the brittle conductor. The magnet quench protection is provided by CLIQ and quench heaters to ensure a redundant system. Quench heaters are impregnated with the coils in order to have suitable thermal contact with them, and to prevent the hot spot temperature from exceeding 350K during normal operation in case of a quench. Quench heaters are insulated from the coil by S-2 Glass and polyimide. Here, the test of the first MQXF prototype (4 m long) MQXFAP1 was stopped by a coil-to-ground short circuit triggered by a heater-to-coil short. This issue triggered a root analysis of the causes of this short. Here we prove that the use of a non-conforming cloth in coil impregnation, further weakened by non-conforming high voltage test, has triggered the shorts. Moreover, we present an analysis of the heater-to-coil insulation strength, showing the role of blistering phenomena and how they are triggered by a combination of magnet powering and heater firing.},

  doi          = {10.1109/TASC.2021.3061348},

  journal      = {IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 31,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2021},

  month        = {Tue Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2021}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

The HL-LHC Low-β Quadrupole Magnet MQXF: From Short Models to Long Prototypes
journal, August 2019

Ferracin, Paolo; Ambrosio, Giorgio; Anerella, Michael
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 29, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2019.2895908

Vertical Magnetic Measurements of the First Full-Length Prototype MQXFAP2 Quadrupole for the LHC Hi-Lumi Accelerator Upgrade Project
journal, August 2019

Song, Honghai; DiMarco, Joseph; Jain, Animesh
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 29, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2019.2904561

Design of HQ—A High Field Large Bore ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ Quadrupole Magnet for LARP
journal, June 2009

Felice, H.; Ambrosio, G.; Anerella, M.
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 19, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019105

Design and Fabrication of the 1.9 K Magnet Test Facility at BNL, and Test of the First 4-m-Long MQXF Coil
journal, April 2018

Muratore, Joseph; Anerella, Michael; Joshi, Piyush
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 28, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2017.2781246

Final Development and Test Preparation of the First 3.7 m Long Nb3Sn Quadrupole by LARP
journal, June 2010

Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Anerella, M.
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 20, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2010.2040471

A First Baseline for the Magnets in the High Luminosity LHC Insertion Regions
journal, June 2014

Todesco, E.; Allain, H.; Ambrosio, G.
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 24, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2013.2288603

Fabrication of First 4-m Coils for the LARP MQXFA Quadrupole and Assembly in Mirror Structure
journal, June 2017

Holik, Eddie Frank; Ambrosio, Giorgio; Anerella, Michael
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 27, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2017.2656155

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Title: Study of the Heater-Coil Electrical Insulation for the HL-LHC Low Beta Quadrupoles

Abstract

Citation Formats

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journal, August 2019

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journal, August 2019

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