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Title: Achieving record hot spot energies with large HDC implosions on NIF in HYBRID-E

Abstract

HYBRID-E is an inertial confinement fusion implosion design that increases energy coupled to the hot spot by increasing the capsule scale in cylindrical hohlraums while operating within the current experimental limits of the National Ignition Facility. HYBRID-E reduces the hohlraum scale at a fixed capsule size compared to previous HYBRID designs, thereby increasing the hohlraum efficiency and energy coupled to the capsule, and uses the cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) to control the implosion symmetry by operating the inner (23° and 30°) and outer (44° and 50°) laser beams at different wavelengths (Δλ> 0). Small case to capsule ratio designs can suffer from insufficient drive at the waist of the hohlraum. We show that only a small amount of wavelength separation between the inner and outer beams (Δλ1-2 Å) is required to control the symmetry in low-gas-filled hohlraums (0.3 mg/cm3 He) with enough drive at the waist of the hohlraum to symmetrically drive capsules 1180 μm in outer radius. This campaign is the first to use the CBET to control the symmetry in 0.3 mg/cm3 He-filled hohlraums, the lowest gas fill density yet fielded with Δλ> 0. We find a stronger sensitivity of hot spot P2 in μm per Angstrom (40–50more » μm/Å wavelength separation) than observed in high-gas-filled hohlraums and previous longer pulse designs that used a hohlraum gas fill density of 0.6 mg/cm3. There is currently no indication of transfer roll-off with increasing Δλ, indicating that even longer pulses or larger capsules could be driven using the CBET in cylindrical hohlraums. We show that the radiation flux symmetry is well controlled during the foot of the pulse, and that the entire implosion can be tuned symmetrically in the presence of the CBET in this system, with low levels of laser backscatter out of the hohlraum and low levels of hot electron production from intense laser–plasma interactions. Radiation hydrodynamic simulations can accurately represent the early shock symmetry and be used as a design tool, but cannot predict the late-time radiation flux symmetry during the peak of the pulse, and semi-empirical models are used to design the experiments. Deuterium–tritium (DT)-layered tests of 1100 μm inner radius implosions showed performance close to expectations from simulations at velocities up to ~360 km/s, and record yields at this velocity, when increasing the DT fuel layer thickness to mitigate hydrodynamic mixing of the ablator into the hot spot as a result of defects in the ablator. However, when the implosion velocity was increased, mixing due to these defects impacted performance. The ratio of measured to simulated yield for these experiments was directly correlated with the level of observed mixing. These simulations suggest that reducing the mixing, e.g., by improving the capsule defects, could result in higher performance. In addition, future experiments are planned to reduce the coast time at this scale, delay between the peak compression and the end of the laser, to increase the hot spot convergence and pressure. To reduce the coast time by several hundred ps compared to the 1100 μm inner radius implosions, HYBRID-E has also fielded 1050 μm inner radius capsules, which resulted in higher hot spot pressure and a fusion energy yield of ~170 kJ.« less

Authors:
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+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  3. General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
  4. Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau (France)
  5. Diamond Materials, GmbH, Freiburg (Germany)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1818404
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-818898
Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X; 1029170; TRN: US2213960
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physics of Plasmas
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 28; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; Plasma confinement; Tritium; Light scattering; Radiative flux; Linear stability analysis; Laser plasma interactions; Fusion energy; Deuterium; Growth factors

Citation Formats

Kritcher, A. L., Zylstra, A. B., Callahan, D. A., Hurricane, O. A., Weber, C., Ralph, J., Casey, D. T., Pak, A., Baker, K., Bachmann, B., Bhandarkar, S., Biener, J., Bionta, R., Braun, T., Bruhn, M., Choate, C., Clark, D., Di Nicola, J. M., Divol, L., Doeppner, T., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Haan, S., Heebner, J., Hernandez, V., Hinkel, D., Hohenberger, M., Huang, H., Kong, C., Le Pape, S., Mariscal, D., Marley, E., Masse, L., Meaney, K. D., Millot, M., Moore, A., Newman, K., Nikroo, A., Patel, P., Pelz, L., Rice, N., Robey, H., Ross, J. S., Rubery, M., Salmonson, J., Schlossberg, D., Sepke, S., Sequoia, K., Stadermann, M., Strozzi, D., Tommasini, R., Volegov, P., Wild, C., Yang, S., Young, C., Edwards, M. J., Landen, O., Town, R., and Herrmann, M. Achieving record hot spot energies with large HDC implosions on NIF in HYBRID-E. United States: N. p., 2021. Web. doi:10.1063/5.0047841.
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Kritcher, A. L., Zylstra, A. B., Callahan, D. A., Hurricane, O. A., Weber, C., Ralph, J., Casey, D. T., Pak, A., Baker, K., Bachmann, B., Bhandarkar, S., Biener, J., Bionta, R., Braun, T., Bruhn, M., Choate, C., Clark, D., Di Nicola, J. M., Divol, L., Doeppner, T., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Haan, S., Heebner, J., Hernandez, V., Hinkel, D., Hohenberger, M., Huang, H., Kong, C., Le Pape, S., Mariscal, D., Marley, E., Masse, L., Meaney, K. D., Millot, M., Moore, A., Newman, K., Nikroo, A., Patel, P., Pelz, L., Rice, N., Robey, H., Ross, J. S., Rubery, M., Salmonson, J., Schlossberg, D., Sepke, S., Sequoia, K., Stadermann, M., Strozzi, D., Tommasini, R., Volegov, P., Wild, C., Yang, S., Young, C., Edwards, M. J., Landen, O., Town, R., & Herrmann, M. Achieving record hot spot energies with large HDC implosions on NIF in HYBRID-E. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0047841
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Kritcher, A. L., Zylstra, A. B., Callahan, D. A., Hurricane, O. A., Weber, C., Ralph, J., Casey, D. T., Pak, A., Baker, K., Bachmann, B., Bhandarkar, S., Biener, J., Bionta, R., Braun, T., Bruhn, M., Choate, C., Clark, D., Di Nicola, J. M., Divol, L., Doeppner, T., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Haan, S., Heebner, J., Hernandez, V., Hinkel, D., Hohenberger, M., Huang, H., Kong, C., Le Pape, S., Mariscal, D., Marley, E., Masse, L., Meaney, K. D., Millot, M., Moore, A., Newman, K., Nikroo, A., Patel, P., Pelz, L., Rice, N., Robey, H., Ross, J. S., Rubery, M., Salmonson, J., Schlossberg, D., Sepke, S., Sequoia, K., Stadermann, M., Strozzi, D., Tommasini, R., Volegov, P., Wild, C., Yang, S., Young, C., Edwards, M. J., Landen, O., Town, R., and Herrmann, M. Wed . "Achieving record hot spot energies with large HDC implosions on NIF in HYBRID-E". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0047841. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1818404.
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@article{osti_1818404,
title = {Achieving record hot spot energies with large HDC implosions on NIF in HYBRID-E},
author = {Kritcher, A. L. and Zylstra, A. B. and Callahan, D. A. and Hurricane, O. A. and Weber, C. and Ralph, J. and Casey, D. T. and Pak, A. and Baker, K. and Bachmann, B. and Bhandarkar, S. and Biener, J. and Bionta, R. and Braun, T. and Bruhn, M. and Choate, C. and Clark, D. and Di Nicola, J. M. and Divol, L. and Doeppner, T. and Geppert-Kleinrath, V. and Haan, S. and Heebner, J. and Hernandez, V. and Hinkel, D. and Hohenberger, M. and Huang, H. and Kong, C. and Le Pape, S. and Mariscal, D. and Marley, E. and Masse, L. and Meaney, K. D. and Millot, M. and Moore, A. and Newman, K. and Nikroo, A. and Patel, P. and Pelz, L. and Rice, N. and Robey, H. and Ross, J. S. and Rubery, M. and Salmonson, J. and Schlossberg, D. and Sepke, S. and Sequoia, K. and Stadermann, M. and Strozzi, D. and Tommasini, R. and Volegov, P. and Wild, C. and Yang, S. and Young, C. and Edwards, M. J. and Landen, O. and Town, R. and Herrmann, M.},
abstractNote = {HYBRID-E is an inertial confinement fusion implosion design that increases energy coupled to the hot spot by increasing the capsule scale in cylindrical hohlraums while operating within the current experimental limits of the National Ignition Facility. HYBRID-E reduces the hohlraum scale at a fixed capsule size compared to previous HYBRID designs, thereby increasing the hohlraum efficiency and energy coupled to the capsule, and uses the cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) to control the implosion symmetry by operating the inner (23° and 30°) and outer (44° and 50°) laser beams at different wavelengths (Δλ> 0). Small case to capsule ratio designs can suffer from insufficient drive at the waist of the hohlraum. We show that only a small amount of wavelength separation between the inner and outer beams (Δλ1-2 Å) is required to control the symmetry in low-gas-filled hohlraums (0.3 mg/cm3 He) with enough drive at the waist of the hohlraum to symmetrically drive capsules 1180 μm in outer radius. This campaign is the first to use the CBET to control the symmetry in 0.3 mg/cm3 He-filled hohlraums, the lowest gas fill density yet fielded with Δλ> 0. We find a stronger sensitivity of hot spot P2 in μm per Angstrom (40–50 μm/Å wavelength separation) than observed in high-gas-filled hohlraums and previous longer pulse designs that used a hohlraum gas fill density of 0.6 mg/cm3. There is currently no indication of transfer roll-off with increasing Δλ, indicating that even longer pulses or larger capsules could be driven using the CBET in cylindrical hohlraums. We show that the radiation flux symmetry is well controlled during the foot of the pulse, and that the entire implosion can be tuned symmetrically in the presence of the CBET in this system, with low levels of laser backscatter out of the hohlraum and low levels of hot electron production from intense laser–plasma interactions. Radiation hydrodynamic simulations can accurately represent the early shock symmetry and be used as a design tool, but cannot predict the late-time radiation flux symmetry during the peak of the pulse, and semi-empirical models are used to design the experiments. Deuterium–tritium (DT)-layered tests of 1100 μm inner radius implosions showed performance close to expectations from simulations at velocities up to ~360 km/s, and record yields at this velocity, when increasing the DT fuel layer thickness to mitigate hydrodynamic mixing of the ablator into the hot spot as a result of defects in the ablator. However, when the implosion velocity was increased, mixing due to these defects impacted performance. The ratio of measured to simulated yield for these experiments was directly correlated with the level of observed mixing. These simulations suggest that reducing the mixing, e.g., by improving the capsule defects, could result in higher performance. In addition, future experiments are planned to reduce the coast time at this scale, delay between the peak compression and the end of the laser, to increase the hot spot convergence and pressure. To reduce the coast time by several hundred ps compared to the 1100 μm inner radius implosions, HYBRID-E has also fielded 1050 μm inner radius capsules, which resulted in higher hot spot pressure and a fusion energy yield of ~170 kJ.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0047841},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 7,
volume = 28,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jul 21 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Wed Jul 21 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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