First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X

Lazerson, Samuel A.; Ford, Oliver P.; Äkäslompolo, Simppa Johannes; Bozhenkov, Sergey A.; Slaby, Christoph; Vano, Lilla; Spanier, Annabelle; McNeely, Paul; Rust, Norbert; Hartmann, Dirk; Poloskei, Peter Zsolt; Buttenschön, Birger; Burhenn, Rainer; Tamura, Naoki; Bussiahn, Rene; Wegner, Thomas; Drevlak, Michael; Turkin, Yuriy; Ogawa, Kunihiro; Knauer, Jens P.; Brunner, Kai Jakob; Pasch, Ekkehard; Beurskens, Marc A.; Damm, Hannes; Fuchert, Golo; Nelde, Philipp; Scott, Evan R.; Pablant, Novimir Antoniuk; Langenberg, Andreas; Traverso, Peter; Valson, Pranay; Hergenhahn, Uwe; Pavone, Andrea; Rahbarnia, Kian; Andreeva, Tamara; Schilling, Jonathan; Brandt, Christian; Neuner, Ulrich; Thomsen, H.; Chaudhary, Neha; Höfel, Udo; Stange, Torsten; Weir, Gavin McCabe; Marushchenko, Nikolai B.; Jakubowski, Marcin; Ali, Adnan; Gao, Yu; Niemann, Holger; Puig Sitjes, Aleix; Koenig, Ralf; Schroeder, Ralf; den Harder, Niek; Heinemann, Bernd; Hopf, Christian; Riedl, Rudolf; Wolf, Robert C.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c

Title: First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X

Abstract

In the previous divertor campaign, the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) device injected 3.6 MW of neutral beam heating power allowing for the achievement of densities approaching 2 × 10²⁰ m^-3, and providing the first initial assessment of fast ion confinement in a drift optimized stellarator. The neutral beam injection (NBI) system on W7-X is comprised of two beam boxes with space for four radio frequency sources each. The 3.6 MW of heating reported in this work was achieved with two sources in the NI21 beam box. The effect of combined electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and NBI was explored through a series of discharges varying both NBI and ECRH power. Discharges without ECRH saw a linear increase in the line-integrated plasma density, and strong peaking of the core density, over the discharge duration. The presence of 1 MW of ECRH power was found to be sufficient to control a continuous density rise during NBI operation. Simulations of fast ion wall loads were found to be consistent with experimental infrared camera images during operation. In general, NBI discharges were free from the presence of fast ion induced Alfvénic activity, consistent with low beam betas. These experiments provide data for future scenario development andmore »« less

Authors:

; Ford, Oliver P.;

;

; Slaby, Christoph; Vano, Lilla; Spanier, Annabelle; McNeely, Paul; Rust, Norbert;

; Poloskei, Peter Zsolt;

; Burhenn, Rainer;

; Bussiahn, Rene;

; Drevlak, Michael; Turkin, Yuriy;

; Knauer, Jens P. more »

Publication Date:: Mon Jul 26 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:: Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: EUROfusion Consortium; Euratom Research and Training Programme

Contributing Org.:: W7-X Team

OSTI Identifier:: 1814206

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466; 633053

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nuclear Fusion

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 61; Journal ID: ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP Science

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; stellarator; fast ions; energetic particles; neutral beam; fusion

Citation Formats


                    Lazerson, Samuel A., Ford, Oliver P., Äkäslompolo, Simppa Johannes, Bozhenkov, Sergey A., Slaby, Christoph, Vano, Lilla, Spanier, Annabelle, McNeely, Paul, Rust, Norbert, Hartmann, Dirk, Poloskei, Peter Zsolt, Buttenschön, Birger, Burhenn, Rainer, Tamura, Naoki, Bussiahn, Rene, Wegner, Thomas, Drevlak, Michael, Turkin, Yuriy, Ogawa, Kunihiro, Knauer, Jens P., Brunner, Kai Jakob, Pasch, Ekkehard, Beurskens, Marc A., Damm, Hannes, Fuchert, Golo, Nelde, Philipp, Scott, Evan R., Pablant, Novimir Antoniuk, Langenberg, Andreas, Traverso, Peter, Valson, Pranay, Hergenhahn, Uwe, Pavone, Andrea, Rahbarnia, Kian, Andreeva, Tamara, Schilling, Jonathan, Brandt, Christian, Neuner, Ulrich, Thomsen, H., Chaudhary, Neha, Höfel, Udo, Stange, Torsten, Weir, Gavin McCabe, Marushchenko, Nikolai B., Jakubowski, Marcin, Ali, Adnan, Gao, Yu, Niemann, Holger, Puig Sitjes, Aleix, Koenig, Ralf, Schroeder, Ralf, den Harder, Niek, Heinemann, Bernd, Hopf, Christian, Riedl, Rudolf, and Wolf, Robert C. First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c.

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                    Lazerson, Samuel A., Ford, Oliver P., Äkäslompolo, Simppa Johannes, Bozhenkov, Sergey A., Slaby, Christoph, Vano, Lilla, Spanier, Annabelle, McNeely, Paul, Rust, Norbert, Hartmann, Dirk, Poloskei, Peter Zsolt, Buttenschön, Birger, Burhenn, Rainer, Tamura, Naoki, Bussiahn, Rene, Wegner, Thomas, Drevlak, Michael, Turkin, Yuriy, Ogawa, Kunihiro, Knauer, Jens P., Brunner, Kai Jakob, Pasch, Ekkehard, Beurskens, Marc A., Damm, Hannes, Fuchert, Golo, Nelde, Philipp, Scott, Evan R., Pablant, Novimir Antoniuk, Langenberg, Andreas, Traverso, Peter, Valson, Pranay, Hergenhahn, Uwe, Pavone, Andrea, Rahbarnia, Kian, Andreeva, Tamara, Schilling, Jonathan, Brandt, Christian, Neuner, Ulrich, Thomsen, H., Chaudhary, Neha, Höfel, Udo, Stange, Torsten, Weir, Gavin McCabe, Marushchenko, Nikolai B., Jakubowski, Marcin, Ali, Adnan, Gao, Yu, Niemann, Holger, Puig Sitjes, Aleix, Koenig, Ralf, Schroeder, Ralf, den Harder, Niek, Heinemann, Bernd, Hopf, Christian, Riedl, Rudolf, & Wolf, Robert C. First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c

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                    Lazerson, Samuel A., Ford, Oliver P., Äkäslompolo, Simppa Johannes, Bozhenkov, Sergey A., Slaby, Christoph, Vano, Lilla, Spanier, Annabelle, McNeely, Paul, Rust, Norbert, Hartmann, Dirk, Poloskei, Peter Zsolt, Buttenschön, Birger, Burhenn, Rainer, Tamura, Naoki, Bussiahn, Rene, Wegner, Thomas, Drevlak, Michael, Turkin, Yuriy, Ogawa, Kunihiro, Knauer, Jens P., Brunner, Kai Jakob, Pasch, Ekkehard, Beurskens, Marc A., Damm, Hannes, Fuchert, Golo, Nelde, Philipp, Scott, Evan R., Pablant, Novimir Antoniuk, Langenberg, Andreas, Traverso, Peter, Valson, Pranay, Hergenhahn, Uwe, Pavone, Andrea, Rahbarnia, Kian, Andreeva, Tamara, Schilling, Jonathan, Brandt, Christian, Neuner, Ulrich, Thomsen, H., Chaudhary, Neha, Höfel, Udo, Stange, Torsten, Weir, Gavin McCabe, Marushchenko, Nikolai B., Jakubowski, Marcin, Ali, Adnan, Gao, Yu, Niemann, Holger, Puig Sitjes, Aleix, Koenig, Ralf, Schroeder, Ralf, den Harder, Niek, Heinemann, Bernd, Hopf, Christian, Riedl, Rudolf, and Wolf, Robert C. Mon .  
"First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1814206.

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@article{osti_1814206,

  title        = {First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X},

  author       = {Lazerson, Samuel A. and Ford, Oliver P. and Äkäslompolo, Simppa Johannes and Bozhenkov, Sergey A. and Slaby, Christoph and Vano, Lilla and Spanier, Annabelle and McNeely, Paul and Rust, Norbert and Hartmann, Dirk and Poloskei, Peter Zsolt and Buttenschön, Birger and Burhenn, Rainer and Tamura, Naoki and Bussiahn, Rene and Wegner, Thomas and Drevlak, Michael and Turkin, Yuriy and Ogawa, Kunihiro and Knauer, Jens P. and Brunner, Kai Jakob and Pasch, Ekkehard and Beurskens, Marc A. and Damm, Hannes and Fuchert, Golo and Nelde, Philipp and Scott, Evan R. and Pablant, Novimir Antoniuk and Langenberg, Andreas and Traverso, Peter and Valson, Pranay and Hergenhahn, Uwe and Pavone, Andrea and Rahbarnia, Kian and Andreeva, Tamara and Schilling, Jonathan and Brandt, Christian and Neuner, Ulrich and Thomsen, H. and Chaudhary, Neha and Höfel, Udo and Stange, Torsten and Weir, Gavin McCabe and Marushchenko, Nikolai B. and Jakubowski, Marcin and Ali, Adnan and Gao, Yu and Niemann, Holger and Puig Sitjes, Aleix and Koenig, Ralf and Schroeder, Ralf and den Harder, Niek and Heinemann, Bernd and Hopf, Christian and Riedl, Rudolf and Wolf, Robert C.},

  abstractNote = {In the previous divertor campaign, the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) device injected 3.6 MW of neutral beam heating power allowing for the achievement of densities approaching 2 × 1020 m-3, and providing the first initial assessment of fast ion confinement in a drift optimized stellarator. The neutral beam injection (NBI) system on W7-X is comprised of two beam boxes with space for four radio frequency sources each. The 3.6 MW of heating reported in this work was achieved with two sources in the NI21 beam box. The effect of combined electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and NBI was explored through a series of discharges varying both NBI and ECRH power. Discharges without ECRH saw a linear increase in the line-integrated plasma density, and strong peaking of the core density, over the discharge duration. The presence of 1 MW of ECRH power was found to be sufficient to control a continuous density rise during NBI operation. Simulations of fast ion wall loads were found to be consistent with experimental infrared camera images during operation. In general, NBI discharges were free from the presence of fast ion induced Alfvénic activity, consistent with low beam betas. These experiments provide data for future scenario development and initial assessment of fast-ion confinement in W7-X, a key topic of the project.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c},

  journal      = {Nuclear Fusion},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 61,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Jul 26 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Mon Jul 26 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

Commissioning and initial operation of the W7-X neutral beam injection heating system
journal, December 2020

McNeely, P.; Äkäslompolo, S.; Auerweck, W.
Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 161
DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111997

Performance of the first neutral beam injector at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
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Spanier, Annabelle; Hartmann, Dirk; Äkäslompolo, Simppa
Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 163
DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112115

Validation of the BEAMS3D neutral beam deposition model on Wendelstein 7-X
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Lazerson, Samuel A.; Ford, Oliver P.; Nuehrenberg, Carolin
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 7
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Validating the ASCOT modelling of NBI fast ions in Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
journal, October 2019

Äkäslompolo, S.; Drewelow, P.; Gao, Y.
Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 14, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/14/10/c10012

Alfvénic fluctuations measured by in-vessel Mirnov coils at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
journal, November 2020

Rahbarnia, K.; Thomsen, H.; Schilling, J.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/abc395

Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy at Wendelstein 7-X
journal, February 2020

Ford, O. P.; Vanó, L.; Alonso, J. A.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 91, Issue 2
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Assessment of the plasma start-up in Wendelstein 7-X with neutral beam injection
journal, February 2015

Gradic, D.; Dinklage, A.; Brakel, R.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 3
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Modelling of NBI ion wall loads in the W7-X stellarator
journal, June 2018

Äkäslompolo, S.; Drevlak, M.; Turkin, Y.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 8
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Armoring of the Wendelstein 7-X divertor-observation immersion-tubes based on NBI fast-ion simulations
journal, September 2019

Äkäslompolo, Simppa; Drewelow, Peter; Gao, Yu
Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 146
DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.099

Heat pulse propagation and anomalous electron heat transport measurements on the optimized stellarator W7-X
journal, March 2021

Weir, G. M.; Xanthopoulos, P.; Hirsch, M.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 5
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Modeling and measurement of energetic particle slowing down in Wendelstein 7-X
journal, July 2021

Lazerson, Samuel A.; Pfefferlé, David; Drevlak, Michael
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 9
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Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet (TESPEL) injection system for Wendelstein 7-X
journal, October 2018

Bussiahn, R.; Tamura, N.; McCarthy, K. J.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
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Tracer-encapsulated solid pellet injection system
journal, February 2012

Sudo, Shigeru; Tamura, Naoki
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 2
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Design of a high–efficiency extreme ultraviolet overview spectrometer system for plasma impurity studies on the stellarator experiment Wendelstein 7-X
journal, September 2004

Biel, W.; Bertschinger, G.; Burhenn, R.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 10
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High efficiency extreme ultraviolet overview spectrometer: Construction and laboratory testing
journal, October 2006

Biel, W.; Greiche, A.; Burhenn, R.
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Impact of the temperature ratio on turbulent impurity transport in Wendelstein 7-X
journal, September 2020

Wegner, Thomas; Alcuson, Jorge Alberto; Geiger, Benedikt
Nuclear Fusion
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BEAMS3D Neutral Beam Injection Model
journal, July 2014

McMillan, Matthew; Lazerson, Samuel A.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 9
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Investigation of mode activity in NBI-heated experiments of Wendelstein 7-X
journal, August 2020

Slaby, C.; Äkäslompolo, S.; Borchardt, M.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 11
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Development of a Faraday cup fast ion loss detector for keV beam ions
journal, September 2019

Lazerson, Samuel A.; Ellis, Robert; Freeman, Chris
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 9
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Development of the ion cyclotron emission diagnostic for the W7-X stellarator
journal, March 2021

Moseev, D.; Ochoukov, R.; Bobkov, V.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 92, Issue 3
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Collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X
journal, January 2019

Moseev, D.; Stejner, M.; Stange, T.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 1
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ASCOT simulations of 14 MeV neutron rates in W7-X: effect of magnetic configuration
journal, January 2021

Kontula, J.; Koschinsky, J. P.; Äkäslompolo, S.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 3
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Title: First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X

Abstract

Citation Formats

Commissioning and initial operation of the W7-X neutral beam injection heating system journal, December 2020

Performance of the first neutral beam injector at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator journal, February 2021

Validation of the BEAMS3D neutral beam deposition model on Wendelstein 7-X journal, June 2020

Validating the ASCOT modelling of NBI fast ions in Wendelstein 7-X stellarator journal, October 2019

Alfvénic fluctuations measured by in-vessel Mirnov coils at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator journal, November 2020

Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy at Wendelstein 7-X journal, February 2020

Assessment of the plasma start-up in Wendelstein 7-X with neutral beam injection journal, February 2015

Modelling of NBI ion wall loads in the W7-X stellarator journal, June 2018

Armoring of the Wendelstein 7-X divertor-observation immersion-tubes based on NBI fast-ion simulations journal, September 2019

Heat pulse propagation and anomalous electron heat transport measurements on the optimized stellarator W7-X journal, March 2021

Modeling and measurement of energetic particle slowing down in Wendelstein 7-X journal, July 2021

Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet (TESPEL) injection system for Wendelstein 7-X journal, October 2018

Tracer-encapsulated solid pellet injection system journal, February 2012

Design of a high–efficiency extreme ultraviolet overview spectrometer system for plasma impurity studies on the stellarator experiment Wendelstein 7-X journal, September 2004

High efficiency extreme ultraviolet overview spectrometer: Construction and laboratory testing journal, October 2006

Impact of the temperature ratio on turbulent impurity transport in Wendelstein 7-X journal, September 2020

BEAMS3D Neutral Beam Injection Model journal, July 2014

Investigation of mode activity in NBI-heated experiments of Wendelstein 7-X journal, August 2020

Development of a Faraday cup fast ion loss detector for keV beam ions journal, September 2019

Development of the ion cyclotron emission diagnostic for the W7-X stellarator journal, March 2021

Collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X journal, January 2019

ASCOT simulations of 14 MeV neutron rates in W7-X: effect of magnetic configuration journal, January 2021

Commissioning and initial operation of the W7-X neutral beam injection heating system
journal, December 2020

Performance of the first neutral beam injector at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
journal, February 2021

Validation of the BEAMS3D neutral beam deposition model on Wendelstein 7-X
journal, June 2020

Validating the ASCOT modelling of NBI fast ions in Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
journal, October 2019

Alfvénic fluctuations measured by in-vessel Mirnov coils at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
journal, November 2020

Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy at Wendelstein 7-X
journal, February 2020

Assessment of the plasma start-up in Wendelstein 7-X with neutral beam injection
journal, February 2015

Modelling of NBI ion wall loads in the W7-X stellarator
journal, June 2018

Armoring of the Wendelstein 7-X divertor-observation immersion-tubes based on NBI fast-ion simulations
journal, September 2019

Heat pulse propagation and anomalous electron heat transport measurements on the optimized stellarator W7-X
journal, March 2021

Modeling and measurement of energetic particle slowing down in Wendelstein 7-X
journal, July 2021

Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet (TESPEL) injection system for Wendelstein 7-X
journal, October 2018

Tracer-encapsulated solid pellet injection system
journal, February 2012

Design of a high–efficiency extreme ultraviolet overview spectrometer system for plasma impurity studies on the stellarator experiment Wendelstein 7-X
journal, September 2004

High efficiency extreme ultraviolet overview spectrometer: Construction and laboratory testing
journal, October 2006

Impact of the temperature ratio on turbulent impurity transport in Wendelstein 7-X
journal, September 2020

BEAMS3D Neutral Beam Injection Model
journal, July 2014

Investigation of mode activity in NBI-heated experiments of Wendelstein 7-X
journal, August 2020

Development of a Faraday cup fast ion loss detector for keV beam ions
journal, September 2019

Development of the ion cyclotron emission diagnostic for the W7-X stellarator
journal, March 2021

Collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X
journal, January 2019

ASCOT simulations of 14 MeV neutron rates in W7-X: effect of magnetic configuration
journal, January 2021