UCGretina geant4 simulation of the GRETINA Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array

Riley, L. A.; Weisshaar, D.; Crawford, H. L.; Agiorgousis, M. L.; Campbell, C. M.; Cromaz, M.; Fallon, P.; Gade, A.; Gregory, S. D.; Haldeman, E. B.; Jarvis, L. R.; Lawson-John, E. D.; Roberts, B.; Sadler, B. V.; Stine, C. G.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2021.165305

Title: UCGretina geant4 simulation of the GRETINA Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array

Abstract

UCGretina, a geant4 simulation of the GRETINA gamma-ray tracking array of highly-segmented high-purity germanium detectors is described. We have developed a model of the array, in particular of the Quad Module and the capsules, that gives good agreement between simulated and measured photopeak efficiencies over a broad range of gamma-ray energies and reproduces the shape of the measured Compton continuum. Both of these features are needed in order to accurately extract gamma-ray yields from spectra collected in in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements with beams traveling at v / c ≳0.3 at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. In the process of developing the model, we determined that millimeter-scale layers of passive germanium surrounding the active volumes of the simulated crystals must be included in order to reproduce measured photopeak efficiencies. In conclusion, we adopted a simple model of effective passive layers and developed heuristic methods of determining passive-layer thicknesses by comparison of simulations and measurements for a single crystal and for the full array. Prospects for future development of the model are discussed.

Authors:

^[1]; Weisshaar, D. ^[2]; Crawford, H. L. ^[2]; Agiorgousis, M. L. ^[1]; Campbell, C. M. ^[3]; Cromaz, M. ^[3]; Fallon, P. ^[3]; Gade, A. ^[2]; Gregory, S. D. ^[1]; Haldeman, E. B. ^[1]; Jarvis, L. R. ^[1]; Lawson-John, E. D. ^[1];

^[1]; Sadler, B. V. ^[1]; Stine, C. G. ^[1]

Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA (United States)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Apr 02 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:: Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1777581

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1777682; OSTI ID: 1831109

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020451; PHY-1303480; PHY-1617250; PHY-1102511; SC0014537; SC0019034; AC02-05CH11231; PHY-1607335

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 1003; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; γ-ray spectroscopy; geant4; simulations; GRETINA; GRETA

Citation Formats


                    Riley, L. A., Weisshaar, D., Crawford, H. L., Agiorgousis, M. L., Campbell, C. M., Cromaz, M., Fallon, P., Gade, A., Gregory, S. D., Haldeman, E. B., Jarvis, L. R., Lawson-John, E. D., Roberts, B., Sadler, B. V., and Stine, C. G. UCGretina geant4 simulation of the GRETINA Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.nima.2021.165305.

Copy to clipboard


                    Riley, L. A., Weisshaar, D., Crawford, H. L., Agiorgousis, M. L., Campbell, C. M., Cromaz, M., Fallon, P., Gade, A., Gregory, S. D., Haldeman, E. B., Jarvis, L. R., Lawson-John, E. D., Roberts, B., Sadler, B. V., & Stine, C. G. UCGretina geant4 simulation of the GRETINA Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165305

Copy to clipboard


                    Riley, L. A., Weisshaar, D., Crawford, H. L., Agiorgousis, M. L., Campbell, C. M., Cromaz, M., Fallon, P., Gade, A., Gregory, S. D., Haldeman, E. B., Jarvis, L. R., Lawson-John, E. D., Roberts, B., Sadler, B. V., and Stine, C. G. Fri .  
"UCGretina geant4 simulation of the GRETINA Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165305.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1777581.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1777581,

  title        = {UCGretina geant4 simulation of the GRETINA Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array},

  author       = {Riley, L. A. and Weisshaar, D. and Crawford, H. L. and Agiorgousis, M. L. and Campbell, C. M. and Cromaz, M. and Fallon, P. and Gade, A. and Gregory, S. D. and Haldeman, E. B. and Jarvis, L. R. and Lawson-John, E. D. and Roberts, B. and Sadler, B. V. and Stine, C. G.},

  abstractNote = {UCGretina, a geant4 simulation of the GRETINA gamma-ray tracking array of highly-segmented high-purity germanium detectors is described. We have developed a model of the array, in particular of the Quad Module and the capsules, that gives good agreement between simulated and measured photopeak efficiencies over a broad range of gamma-ray energies and reproduces the shape of the measured Compton continuum. Both of these features are needed in order to accurately extract gamma-ray yields from spectra collected in in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements with beams traveling at v / c ≳0.3 at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. In the process of developing the model, we determined that millimeter-scale layers of passive germanium surrounding the active volumes of the simulated crystals must be included in order to reproduce measured photopeak efficiencies. In conclusion, we adopted a simple model of effective passive layers and developed heuristic methods of determining passive-layer thicknesses by comparison of simulations and measurements for a single crystal and for the full array. Prospects for future development of the model are discussed.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.nima.2021.165305},

  journal      = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 1003,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Apr 02 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Fri Apr 02 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165305

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Measuring the entry distribution and the quasi-continuum of γ rays with tracking arrays
journal, June 2017

Lauritsen, T.; Korichi, A.; Khoo, T. L.
Physica Scripta, Vol. 92, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/aa709c

From Ge(Li) detectors to gamma-ray tracking arrays–50 years of gamma spectroscopy with germanium detectors
journal, April 2008

Eberth, J.; Simpson, J.
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 60, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2007.09.001

Recent developments in Geant4
journal, November 2016

Allison, J.; Amako, K.; Apostolakis, J.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 835
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.125

GRETA: the gamma-ray energy-tracking array. Status of the development and physics opportunities
journal, May 2003

Beausang, C. W.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 204
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)02148-1

The performance of the γ-ray tracking array GRETINA for γ-ray spectroscopy with fast beams of rare isotopes
journal, March 2017

Weisshaar, D.; Bazin, D.; Bender, P. C.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 847
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.12.001

Structure of ${}^{70}{Fe}$ : Single-particle and collective degrees of freedom
journal, January 2019

Gade, A.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Tostevin, J. A.
Physical Review C, Vol. 99, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.99.011301

AGATA—Advanced GAmma Tracking Array
journal, March 2012

Akkoyun, S.; Algora, A.; Alikhani, B.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 668
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.081

Geant4—a simulation toolkit
journal, July 2003

Agostinelli, S.; Allison, J.; Amako, K.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 506, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8

The performance of the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array GRETINA
journal, May 2013

Paschalis, S.; Lee, I. Y.; Macchiavelli, A. O.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 709
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.009

Evaluated nuclear structure data file
journal, February 1996

Tuli, J. K.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 369, Issue 2-3
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(96)80040-4

Is the Structure of Si 42 Understood?
journal, June 2019

Gade, A.; Brown, B. A.; Tostevin, J. A.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.222501

Inverse-kinematics proton scattering on ${}^{50}{Ca}$ : Determining effective charges using complementary probes
journal, July 2014

Riley, L. A.; Agiorgousis, M. L.; Baugher, T. R.
Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.90.011305

Experimental HPGe coaxial detector response and efficiency compared to Monte Carlo simulations
journal, February 2016

Maidana, Nora L.; Vanin, Vito R.; García-Alvarez, Juan A.
Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 108
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.001

A CAD interface for GEANT4
journal, September 2012

Poole, C. M.; Cornelius, I.; Trapp, J. V.
Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine, Vol. 35, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s13246-012-0159-8

The S800 spectrograph
journal, May 2003

Bazin, D.; Caggiano, J. A.; Sherrill, B. M.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 204
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)02142-0

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Inverse-kinematics proton scattering from ${}^{42, 44}S, {}^{41, 43}P$ , and the collapse of the $N = 28$ major shell closure

Journal Article Riley, L. A. ; Bazin, D. ; Belarge, J. ; ... - Physical Review C

Excimore »« less
Cited by 10
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.100.044312

Full Text Available
The Performance of the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-Beam Nuclear Array GRETINA

Journal Article Paschalis, S. ; Lee, I. Y. ; Macchiavelli, A. O. ; ... - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

The Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array (GRETINA) is a new generation high-resolution -ray spectrometer consisting of electrically segmented high-purity germanium crystals. GRETINA is capable of reconstructing the energy and position of each -ray interaction point inside the crystal with high resolution. This enables -ray energy tracking which in turn provides an array with large photopeak efficiency, high resolution and good peak-to-total ratio. GRETINA is used for nuclear structure studies with demanding -ray detection requirements and it is suitable for experiments with radioactive-ion beams with high recoil velocities. The GRETINA array has a 1 solid angle coverage and constitutes themore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.009
The polarization sensitivity of GRETINA

Journal Article Morse, C. ; Crawford, H. L. ; Macchiavelli, A. O. ; ... - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Compton polarimeters have played an important role in the study of nuclear structure physics, but have often been limited in their applications because of relatively low γ-ray detection efficiency. With the advent of γ-ray tracking detector arrays, which feature nearly 4π solid angle coverage and the ability to identify the location of Compton-scattering events to within a few millimeters, this limitation can be overcome. Here we present a characterization of the performance of the Gamma Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array (GRETINA) as a Compton polarimeter using the ²⁴Mg(p,p') reaction at 2.45 MeV proton energy. We also discuss a newmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.166155

Full Text Available
Characterization of a gamma-ray tracking array: A comparison of GRETINA and Gammasphere using a 60 Co source

Journal Article Lauritsen, T. ; Korichi, A. ; Zhu, S. ; ... - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

In this paper, we provide a formalism for the characterization of tracking arrays with emphasis on the proper corrections required to extract their photopeak efficiencies and peak-to-total ratios. The methods are first applied to Gammasphere, a well characterized 4π array based on the principle of Compton suppression, and subsequently to GRETINA. The tracking efficiencies are then discussed and some guidelines as to what clustering angle to use in the tracking algorithm are presented. It was possible, using GEANT4 simulations, to scale the measured efficiencies up to the expected values for the full 4π implementation of GRETA.
Cited by 18
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.07.027

Full Text Available
Spectroscopy of Ti 54 and the systematic behavior of low-energy octupole states in Ca and Ti isotopes

Journal Article Riley, L. A. ; Agiorgousis, M. L. ; Baugher, T. R. ; ... - Physical Review. C

We report excited states of the N = 32 nucleus ⁵⁴Ti have been studied, via both inverse-kinematics proton scattering and one-neutron knockout from ⁵⁵Ti by a liquid hydrogen target, using the GRETINA γ-ray tracking array. Inelastic proton-scattering cross sections and deformation lengths have been determined. A low-lying octupole state has been tentatively identified in ⁵⁴Ti for the first time. A comparison of (p,p′) results on low-energy octupole states in the neutron-rich Ca and Ti isotopes with the results of random phase approximation calculations demonstrates that the observed systematic behavior of these states is unexpected.
Cited by 3
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.96.064315

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: UCGretina geant4 simulation of the GRETINA Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array

Abstract

Citation Formats

Measuring the entry distribution and the quasi-continuum of γ rays with tracking arrays journal, June 2017

From Ge(Li) detectors to gamma-ray tracking arrays–50 years of gamma spectroscopy with germanium detectors journal, April 2008

Recent developments in Geant4 journal, November 2016

GRETA: the gamma-ray energy-tracking array. Status of the development and physics opportunities journal, May 2003

The performance of the γ-ray tracking array GRETINA for γ-ray spectroscopy with fast beams of rare isotopes journal, March 2017

Structure of Fe 70 : Single-particle and collective degrees of freedom journal, January 2019

AGATA—Advanced GAmma Tracking Array journal, March 2012

Geant4—a simulation toolkit journal, July 2003

The performance of the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array GRETINA journal, May 2013

Evaluated nuclear structure data file journal, February 1996

Is the Structure of Si 42 Understood? journal, June 2019

Inverse-kinematics proton scattering on Ca 50 : Determining effective charges using complementary probes journal, July 2014

Experimental HPGe coaxial detector response and efficiency compared to Monte Carlo simulations journal, February 2016

A CAD interface for GEANT4 journal, September 2012

The S800 spectrograph journal, May 2003

Measuring the entry distribution and the quasi-continuum of γ rays with tracking arrays
journal, June 2017

From Ge(Li) detectors to gamma-ray tracking arrays–50 years of gamma spectroscopy with germanium detectors
journal, April 2008

Recent developments in Geant4
journal, November 2016

GRETA: the gamma-ray energy-tracking array. Status of the development and physics opportunities
journal, May 2003

The performance of the γ-ray tracking array GRETINA for γ-ray spectroscopy with fast beams of rare isotopes
journal, March 2017

Structure of ${}^{70}{Fe}$ : Single-particle and collective degrees of freedom
journal, January 2019

AGATA—Advanced GAmma Tracking Array
journal, March 2012

Geant4—a simulation toolkit
journal, July 2003

The performance of the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array GRETINA
journal, May 2013

Evaluated nuclear structure data file
journal, February 1996

Is the Structure of Si 42 Understood?
journal, June 2019

Inverse-kinematics proton scattering on ${}^{50}{Ca}$ : Determining effective charges using complementary probes
journal, July 2014

Experimental HPGe coaxial detector response and efficiency compared to Monte Carlo simulations
journal, February 2016

A CAD interface for GEANT4
journal, September 2012

The S800 spectrograph
journal, May 2003