Voltammetry measurements in lithium chloride-lithium oxide (LiCl–Li2O) salt: An evaluation of working electrode materials
Abstract
Instrumentation to provide process monitoring (PM) and safeguards for the oxide reduction (OR) step in the electrochemical processing of used oxide nuclear fuel is necessary to ensure equipment is operated as declared. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) has been proposed for real-time monitoring of the operation of an OR process for safeguards purposes. In this study, different materials including 316 stainless steel (SS), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), and iridium (Ir) were evaluated as potential working electrode (WE) materials based on their chemical inertness, corrosion resistance, and sensitivity in detecting Li2O and other chloride salts in the OR electrolyte. Of the electrodes evaluated, 316 SS, Ir, and Pt all performed reasonably well in the LiCl-Li2O electrolyte. Here, stainless steel was operated in the cathodic potential and had reasonable corrosion resistance and is relatively inexpensive. Iridium could be operated in both the cathodic and anodic potentials and was the most corrosion resistant of those evaluated. Platinum is limited to the anodic potential range, had reasonable corrosion resistance, and was the most sensitive to Li2O concentrations in the salt. In the development of a stand-alone safeguards instrumentation, our recommendation is a CV sensor fitted with both Ir and Pt WEs. Themore »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security (AU), Office of Security; USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1768062
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1776050
- Report Number(s):
- INL/JOU-20-58959-Rev000
Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3115; TRN: US2206516
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC07-05ID14517
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Nuclear Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 546; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3115
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL PROTECTION; Voltammetry; Safeguards; Process Monitoring; Oxide Reduction; Pyroprocessing; Molten salt
Citation Formats
Williams, Ammon N., Cao, Guoping, and Shaltry, Michael R. Voltammetry measurements in lithium chloride-lithium oxide (LiCl–Li2O) salt: An evaluation of working electrode materials. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152760.
Williams, Ammon N., Cao, Guoping, & Shaltry, Michael R. Voltammetry measurements in lithium chloride-lithium oxide (LiCl–Li2O) salt: An evaluation of working electrode materials. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152760
Williams, Ammon N., Cao, Guoping, and Shaltry, Michael R. Mon .
"Voltammetry measurements in lithium chloride-lithium oxide (LiCl–Li2O) salt: An evaluation of working electrode materials". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152760. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1768062.
@article{osti_1768062,
title = {Voltammetry measurements in lithium chloride-lithium oxide (LiCl–Li2O) salt: An evaluation of working electrode materials},
author = {Williams, Ammon N. and Cao, Guoping and Shaltry, Michael R.},
abstractNote = {Instrumentation to provide process monitoring (PM) and safeguards for the oxide reduction (OR) step in the electrochemical processing of used oxide nuclear fuel is necessary to ensure equipment is operated as declared. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) has been proposed for real-time monitoring of the operation of an OR process for safeguards purposes. In this study, different materials including 316 stainless steel (SS), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), and iridium (Ir) were evaluated as potential working electrode (WE) materials based on their chemical inertness, corrosion resistance, and sensitivity in detecting Li2O and other chloride salts in the OR electrolyte. Of the electrodes evaluated, 316 SS, Ir, and Pt all performed reasonably well in the LiCl-Li2O electrolyte. Here, stainless steel was operated in the cathodic potential and had reasonable corrosion resistance and is relatively inexpensive. Iridium could be operated in both the cathodic and anodic potentials and was the most corrosion resistant of those evaluated. Platinum is limited to the anodic potential range, had reasonable corrosion resistance, and was the most sensitive to Li2O concentrations in the salt. In the development of a stand-alone safeguards instrumentation, our recommendation is a CV sensor fitted with both Ir and Pt WEs. The results in this study may also be helpful for anode material selection in other electrometallurgy industries, such as molten salt electrolysis.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152760},
journal = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},
number = ,
volume = 546,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Dec 28 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Mon Dec 28 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
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