Pushered single shell implosions for mix and radiation trapping studies using high-Z layers on National Ignition Facility
Abstract
Pushered Single Shells (PSSs) are another approach to Inertial Confinement Fusion implosions that employ high-Z materials in the innermost capsule layer (pusher) as a means to enhance radiation trapping and lower core ignition requirements. However, adding high-Z materials can also increase losses due to mix, provide extra tamping, and make the capsule emission opaque to x-ray diagnostics. The first PSS implosions performed on the National Ignition Facility use plastic ablators with a germanium (Ge) dopant as a high-Z surrogate in the pusher to isolate the effects of high-Z mix and radiation trapping without changing tamping. Using a 2-shock laser pulse, the PSS implosions are designed and symmetrized to reach 3.7 keV core temperatures. A low concentration (2.8%) Ge dopant is added to the innermost layer, and the resulting effects on mix and x-ray opacity are observed. The method of separated reactants is used to infer information about mixing between the deuterated plastic pusher and the capsule fill gas (25% tritium) from the resulting nuclear DT reactions. Radiation transport is studied via capsule emission x-ray spectroscopy and imaging. Both nuclear and x-ray data corroborate the hypothesis that the addition of Ge strongly affects the mix region through radiation losses but hasmore »
- Authors:
-
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1759974
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-773415
Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X; 965674; TRN: US2205700
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 26; Journal Issue: 7; Conference: 60.Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics, Portland, OR (United States), 5-9 Nov 2018; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; X-ray diagnostics; Radiation trapping; Hydrodynamic codes; Radiation losses; Hydrodynamics; Plasma confinement; X-ray spectroscopy; Tritium
Citation Formats
Dewald, E. L., Pino, J. E., Tipton, R. E., Salmonson, J. D., Ralph, J., Hartouni, E., Khan, S. F., Hatarik, R., Young, C. V., Thorn, D., Smalyuk, V. A., Sacks, R., Nikroo, A., Rice, N., MacLaren, S. A., Prisbrey, S., Remington, B. A., and Graziani, F. Pushered single shell implosions for mix and radiation trapping studies using high-Z layers on National Ignition Facility. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1063/1.5109426.
Dewald, E. L., Pino, J. E., Tipton, R. E., Salmonson, J. D., Ralph, J., Hartouni, E., Khan, S. F., Hatarik, R., Young, C. V., Thorn, D., Smalyuk, V. A., Sacks, R., Nikroo, A., Rice, N., MacLaren, S. A., Prisbrey, S., Remington, B. A., & Graziani, F. Pushered single shell implosions for mix and radiation trapping studies using high-Z layers on National Ignition Facility. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5109426
Dewald, E. L., Pino, J. E., Tipton, R. E., Salmonson, J. D., Ralph, J., Hartouni, E., Khan, S. F., Hatarik, R., Young, C. V., Thorn, D., Smalyuk, V. A., Sacks, R., Nikroo, A., Rice, N., MacLaren, S. A., Prisbrey, S., Remington, B. A., and Graziani, F. Mon .
"Pushered single shell implosions for mix and radiation trapping studies using high-Z layers on National Ignition Facility". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5109426. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1759974.
@article{osti_1759974,
title = {Pushered single shell implosions for mix and radiation trapping studies using high-Z layers on National Ignition Facility},
author = {Dewald, E. L. and Pino, J. E. and Tipton, R. E. and Salmonson, J. D. and Ralph, J. and Hartouni, E. and Khan, S. F. and Hatarik, R. and Young, C. V. and Thorn, D. and Smalyuk, V. A. and Sacks, R. and Nikroo, A. and Rice, N. and MacLaren, S. A. and Prisbrey, S. and Remington, B. A. and Graziani, F.},
abstractNote = {Pushered Single Shells (PSSs) are another approach to Inertial Confinement Fusion implosions that employ high-Z materials in the innermost capsule layer (pusher) as a means to enhance radiation trapping and lower core ignition requirements. However, adding high-Z materials can also increase losses due to mix, provide extra tamping, and make the capsule emission opaque to x-ray diagnostics. The first PSS implosions performed on the National Ignition Facility use plastic ablators with a germanium (Ge) dopant as a high-Z surrogate in the pusher to isolate the effects of high-Z mix and radiation trapping without changing tamping. Using a 2-shock laser pulse, the PSS implosions are designed and symmetrized to reach 3.7 keV core temperatures. A low concentration (2.8%) Ge dopant is added to the innermost layer, and the resulting effects on mix and x-ray opacity are observed. The method of separated reactants is used to infer information about mixing between the deuterated plastic pusher and the capsule fill gas (25% tritium) from the resulting nuclear DT reactions. Radiation transport is studied via capsule emission x-ray spectroscopy and imaging. Both nuclear and x-ray data corroborate the hypothesis that the addition of Ge strongly affects the mix region through radiation losses but has a minimal effect on the core and the warm, unmixed regions. Simulations using diffusive and turbulent mix models agree qualitatively with data, but quantitative agreement may require hybrid mix models that can model the transitional regime between turbulence and diffusion. Simulations matching the observables show increased core radiation trapping when Ge is added.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5109426},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 7,
volume = 26,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
Works referenced in this record:
High‐speed gated x‐ray imaging for ICF target experiments (invited)
journal, October 1992
- Bradley, D. K.; Bell, P. M.; Kilkenny, J. D.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 63, Issue 10
Symmetry tuning of a near one-dimensional 2-shock platform for code validation at the National Ignition Facility
journal, April 2016
- Khan, S. F.; MacLaren, S. A.; Salmonson, J. D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 4
Fuel gain exceeding unity in an inertially confined fusion implosion
journal, February 2014
- Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Casey, D. T.
- Nature, Vol. 506, Issue 7488
Development of nuclear diagnostics for the National Ignition Facility (invited)
journal, October 2006
- Glebov, V. Yu.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Sangster, T. C.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 77, Issue 10
The NIF x-ray spectrometer calibration campaign at Omega
journal, November 2014
- Pérez, F.; Kemp, G. E.; Regan, S. P.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 11
Experimental Demonstration of X-Ray Drive Enhancement with Rugby-Shaped Hohlraums
journal, January 2010
- Philippe, F.; Casner, A.; Caillaud, T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 3
Spark and volume ignition of DT and D 2 microspheres
journal, December 1990
- Basko, M. M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 30, Issue 12
Analytic models of high-temperature hohlraums
journal, July 2001
- Stygar, W. A.; Olson, R. E.; Spielman, R. B.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 64, Issue 2
High performance imaging streak camera for the National Ignition Facility
journal, December 2012
- Opachich, Y. P.; Kalantar, D. H.; MacPhee, A. G.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 12
A study of ALE simulations of Rayleigh–Taylor instability
journal, March 2001
- Darlington, Rebecca M.; McAbee, Thomas L.; Rodrigue, Garry
- Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 135, Issue 1
Backlighter development at the National Ignition Facility (NIF): Zinc to zirconium
journal, September 2013
- Barrios, M. A.; Fournier, K. B.; Regan, S. P.
- High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 3
The National Ignition Facility modular Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope
journal, August 2016
- Pickworth, L. A.; Ayers, J.; Bell, P.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
Multimode short-wavelength perturbation growth studies for the National Ignition Facility double-shell ignition target designs
journal, April 2004
- Milovich, J. L.; Amendt, P.; Marinak, M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 4
Using a 2-shock 1D platform at NIF to measure the effect of convergence on mix and symmetry
journal, October 2018
- Kyrala, G. A.; Pino, J. E.; Khan, S. F.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 10
First demonstration of improved capsule implosions by reducing radiation preheat in uranium vs gold hohlraums
journal, September 2018
- Dewald, E. L.; Tommasini, R.; Meezan, N. B.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 9
Radiation confinement in x-ray-heated cavities
journal, November 1990
- Tsakiris, G. D.; Massen, J.; Sigel, R.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 42, Issue 10
Dante soft x-ray power diagnostic for National Ignition Facility
journal, October 2004
- Dewald, E. L.; Campbell, K. M.; Turner, R. E.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 10
2D X-Ray Radiography of Imploding Capsules at the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2014
- Rygg, J. R.; Jones, O. S.; Field, J. E.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 19
Development of the CD Symcap platform to study gas-shell mix in implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, September 2014
- Casey, D. T.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Tipton, R. E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 9
The physics basis for ignition using indirect-drive targets on the National Ignition Facility
journal, February 2004
- Lindl, John D.; Amendt, Peter; Berger, Richard L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 2
Capsule performance optimization in the National Ignition Campaign
journal, May 2010
- Landen, O. L.; Boehly, T. R.; Bradley, D. K.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 5
Scaling of x-ray K-shell sources from laser-solid interactions
conference, November 2001
- Workman, Jonathan; Kyrala, George A.
- International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, SPIE Proceedings
Cretin—a radiative transfer capability for laboratory plasmas
journal, October 2001
- Scott, Howard A.
- Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Vol. 71, Issue 2-6
Capsule Ablator Inflight Performance Measurements Via Streaked Radiography Of ICF Implosions On The NIF*
journal, March 2016
- Dewald, E. L.; Tommasini, R.; Mackinnon, A.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 688
Implosion dynamics measurements at the National Ignition Facility
journal, December 2012
- Hicks, D. G.; Meezan, N. B.; Dewald, E. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 12
K-L turbulence model for the self-similar growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities
journal, August 2006
- Dimonte, Guy; Tipton, Robert
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 18, Issue 8
Measuring x-ray burn history with the Streaked Polar Instrumentation for Diagnosing Energetic Radiation (SPIDER) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF)
conference, October 2012
- Khan, S. F.; Bell, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.
- SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE Proceedings
Large eddy simulation requirements for the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability
journal, April 2014
- Olson, Britton J.; Greenough, Jeff
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 26, Issue 4
Energy dependent sensitivity of microchannel plate detectors
journal, October 2006
- Rochau, G. A.; Bailey, J. E.; Chandler, G. A.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 77, Issue 10
Assessing the prospects for achieving double-shell ignition on the National Ignition Facility using vacuum hohlraums
journal, May 2007
- Amendt, Peter; Cerjan, C.; Hamza, A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 5
Three-dimensional HYDRA simulations of National Ignition Facility targets
journal, May 2001
- Marinak, M. M.; Kerbel, G. D.; Gentile, N. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 8, Issue 5