Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model
Abstract
We illustrate the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4.0 physical climate model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this model and its simulations. The model is built with the AM4.0/LM4.0 atmosphere/land model and OM4.0 ocean model. Topics include the rationale for key choices made in the model formulation, the stability as well as drift of the preindustrial control simulation, and comparison of key aspects of the historical simulations with observations from recent decades. Notable achievements include the relatively small biases in seasonal spatial patterns of top-of-atmosphere fluxes, surface temperature, and precipitation; reduced double Intertropical Convergence Zone bias; dramatically improved representation of ocean boundary currents; a high-quality simulation of climatological Arctic sea ice extent and its recent decline; and excellent simulation of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation spectrum and structure. Areas of concern include inadequate deep convection in the Nordic Seas; an inaccurate Antarctic sea ice simulation; precipitation and wind composites still affected by the equatorial cold tongue bias; muted variability in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; strong 100 year quasiperiodicity in Southern Ocean ventilation; and a lack of historical warming before 1990 and too rapid warming thereafter due to high climate sensitivity and strongmore »
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- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences ProgramPrinceton University Princeton NJ USA
- GFDL/NOAA Princeton NJ USA
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences ProgramPrinceton University Princeton NJ USA; GFDL/NOAA Princeton NJ USA
- University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/GFDL Princeton NJ USA
- Cooperative Institute for Modeling the Earth SystemPrinceton University Princeton NJ USA
- GFDL/NOAA Princeton NJ USA; U.S. Geological Survey/GFDL Princeton NJ USA
- U.S. Geological Survey/GFDL Princeton NJ USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA USA
- SAIC, Science Applications International Corporation Reston VA USA
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- Contributing Org.:
- GFDL/NOAA Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1597580
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-780618
Journal ID: ISSN 1942-2466; 975104
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1942-2466
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Environmental sciences; coupled climate model; GFDL; CMIP6; CM4
Citation Formats
Held, I. M., Guo, H., Adcroft, A., Dunne, J. P., Horowitz, L. W., Krasting, J., Shevliakova, E., Winton, M., Zhao, M., Bushuk, M., Wittenberg, A. T., Wyman, B., Xiang, B., Zhang, R., Anderson, W., Balaji, V., Donner, L., Dunne, K., Durachta, J., Gauthier, P. P. G., Ginoux, P., Golaz, J. ‐C., Griffies, S. M., Hallberg, R., Harris, L., Harrison, M., Hurlin, W., John, J., Lin, P., Lin, S. ‐J., Malyshev, S., Menzel, R., Milly, P. C. D., Ming, Y., Naik, V., Paynter, D., Paulot, F., Rammaswamy, V., Reichl, B., Robinson, T., Rosati, A., Seman, C., Silvers, L. G., Underwood, S., and Zadeh, N. Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1029/2019MS001829.
Held, I. M., Guo, H., Adcroft, A., Dunne, J. P., Horowitz, L. W., Krasting, J., Shevliakova, E., Winton, M., Zhao, M., Bushuk, M., Wittenberg, A. T., Wyman, B., Xiang, B., Zhang, R., Anderson, W., Balaji, V., Donner, L., Dunne, K., Durachta, J., Gauthier, P. P. G., Ginoux, P., Golaz, J. ‐C., Griffies, S. M., Hallberg, R., Harris, L., Harrison, M., Hurlin, W., John, J., Lin, P., Lin, S. ‐J., Malyshev, S., Menzel, R., Milly, P. C. D., Ming, Y., Naik, V., Paynter, D., Paulot, F., Rammaswamy, V., Reichl, B., Robinson, T., Rosati, A., Seman, C., Silvers, L. G., Underwood, S., & Zadeh, N. Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001829
Held, I. M., Guo, H., Adcroft, A., Dunne, J. P., Horowitz, L. W., Krasting, J., Shevliakova, E., Winton, M., Zhao, M., Bushuk, M., Wittenberg, A. T., Wyman, B., Xiang, B., Zhang, R., Anderson, W., Balaji, V., Donner, L., Dunne, K., Durachta, J., Gauthier, P. P. G., Ginoux, P., Golaz, J. ‐C., Griffies, S. M., Hallberg, R., Harris, L., Harrison, M., Hurlin, W., John, J., Lin, P., Lin, S. ‐J., Malyshev, S., Menzel, R., Milly, P. C. D., Ming, Y., Naik, V., Paynter, D., Paulot, F., Rammaswamy, V., Reichl, B., Robinson, T., Rosati, A., Seman, C., Silvers, L. G., Underwood, S., and Zadeh, N. Wed .
"Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001829. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1597580.
@article{osti_1597580,
title = {Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model},
author = {Held, I. M. and Guo, H. and Adcroft, A. and Dunne, J. P. and Horowitz, L. W. and Krasting, J. and Shevliakova, E. and Winton, M. and Zhao, M. and Bushuk, M. and Wittenberg, A. T. and Wyman, B. and Xiang, B. and Zhang, R. and Anderson, W. and Balaji, V. and Donner, L. and Dunne, K. and Durachta, J. and Gauthier, P. P. G. and Ginoux, P. and Golaz, J. ‐C. and Griffies, S. M. and Hallberg, R. and Harris, L. and Harrison, M. and Hurlin, W. and John, J. and Lin, P. and Lin, S. ‐J. and Malyshev, S. and Menzel, R. and Milly, P. C. D. and Ming, Y. and Naik, V. and Paynter, D. and Paulot, F. and Rammaswamy, V. and Reichl, B. and Robinson, T. and Rosati, A. and Seman, C. and Silvers, L. G. and Underwood, S. and Zadeh, N.},
abstractNote = {We illustrate the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4.0 physical climate model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this model and its simulations. The model is built with the AM4.0/LM4.0 atmosphere/land model and OM4.0 ocean model. Topics include the rationale for key choices made in the model formulation, the stability as well as drift of the preindustrial control simulation, and comparison of key aspects of the historical simulations with observations from recent decades. Notable achievements include the relatively small biases in seasonal spatial patterns of top-of-atmosphere fluxes, surface temperature, and precipitation; reduced double Intertropical Convergence Zone bias; dramatically improved representation of ocean boundary currents; a high-quality simulation of climatological Arctic sea ice extent and its recent decline; and excellent simulation of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation spectrum and structure. Areas of concern include inadequate deep convection in the Nordic Seas; an inaccurate Antarctic sea ice simulation; precipitation and wind composites still affected by the equatorial cold tongue bias; muted variability in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; strong 100 year quasiperiodicity in Southern Ocean ventilation; and a lack of historical warming before 1990 and too rapid warming thereafter due to high climate sensitivity and strong aerosol forcing, in contrast to the observational record. Overall, CM4.0 scores very well in its fidelity against observations compared to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 generation in terms of both mean state and modes of variability and should prove a valuable new addition for analysis across a broad array of applications.},
doi = {10.1029/2019MS001829},
journal = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems},
number = 11,
volume = 11,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Wed Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6
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Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organisation
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Have Aerosols Caused the Observed Atlantic Multidecadal Variability?
text, January 2013
- Ting, Mingfang; Delworth, Thomas L.; Zhang, Rong
- Columbia University
Coherent response of the Indian Monsoon Rainfall to Atlantic Multi-decadal Variability over the last 2000 years
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Climate versus emission drivers of methane lifetime against loss by tropospheric OH from 1860–2100
text, January 2012
- John, J. G.; Fiore, Arlene M.; Naik, V.
- Columbia University