The γ-rays that accompanied GW170817 and the observational signature of a magnetic jet breaking out of NS merger ejecta

Bromberg, O.; Tchekhovskoy, A.; Gottlieb, O.; Nakar, E.; Piran, T.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3316

Title: The γ-rays that accompanied GW170817 and the observational signature of a magnetic jet breaking out of NS merger ejecta

Abstract

We present the first relativistic magnetohydrodynamics numerical simulation of a magnetic jet that propagates through and emerges from the dynamical ejecta of a binary neutron star merger. Generated by the magnetized rotation of the merger remnant, the jet propagates through the ejecta and produces an energetic cocoon that expands at mildly relativistic velocities and breaks out of the ejecta. We show that if the ejecta has a low-mass (~10^-7 $$M_⊙$$) high-velocity ($$v$$ ~ 0.85c) tail, the cocoon shock breakout will generate γ-ray emission that is comparable to the observed short GRB170817A that accompanied the recent gravitational wave event GW170817. Thus, we propose that this gamma-ray burst (GRB), which is quite different from all other short GRBs observed before, was produced by a different mechanism. We expect, however, that such events are numerous and many will be detected in coming LIGO–Virgo runs.

Authors:

Bromberg, O. ^[1]; Tchekhovskoy, A. ^[2]; Gottlieb, O. ^[1]; Nakar, E. ^[1];

^[3]

Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv (Israel). The Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Dept. of Physics & Astronomy
Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel). Racah Inst. of Physics

Publication Date:: Tue Dec 26 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1526488

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 475; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Bromberg, O., Tchekhovskoy, A., Gottlieb, O., Nakar, E., and Piran, T. The γ-rays that accompanied GW170817 and the observational signature of a magnetic jet breaking out of NS merger ejecta.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3316.

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                    Bromberg, O., Tchekhovskoy, A., Gottlieb, O., Nakar, E., & Piran, T. The γ-rays that accompanied GW170817 and the observational signature of a magnetic jet breaking out of NS merger ejecta.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3316

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                    Bromberg, O., Tchekhovskoy, A., Gottlieb, O., Nakar, E., and Piran, T. Tue .  
"The γ-rays that accompanied GW170817 and the observational signature of a magnetic jet breaking out of NS merger ejecta".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3316.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1526488.

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@article{osti_1526488,

  title        = {The γ-rays that accompanied GW170817 and the observational signature of a magnetic jet breaking out of NS merger ejecta},

  author       = {Bromberg, O. and Tchekhovskoy, A. and Gottlieb, O. and Nakar, E. and Piran, T.},

  abstractNote = {We present the first relativistic magnetohydrodynamics numerical simulation of a magnetic jet that propagates through and emerges from the dynamical ejecta of a binary neutron star merger. Generated by the magnetized rotation of the merger remnant, the jet propagates through the ejecta and produces an energetic cocoon that expands at mildly relativistic velocities and breaks out of the ejecta. We show that if the ejecta has a low-mass (~10-7 $M_⊙$) high-velocity ($v$ ~ 0.85c) tail, the cocoon shock breakout will generate γ-ray emission that is comparable to the observed short GRB170817A that accompanied the recent gravitational wave event GW170817. Thus, we propose that this gamma-ray burst (GRB), which is quite different from all other short GRBs observed before, was produced by a different mechanism. We expect, however, that such events are numerous and many will be detected in coming LIGO–Virgo runs.},

  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/stx3316},

  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 475,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Dec 26 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Tue Dec 26 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

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Mooley, K. P.; Deller, A. T.; Gottlieb, O.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1806.09693

A lesson from GW170817: most neutron star mergers result in tightly collimated successful GRB jets
text, January 2018

Beniamini, Paz; Petropoulou, Maria; Duran, Rodolfo Barniol
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.04831

Magnetically inspired explosive outflows from neutron-star mergers
text, January 2018

Nathanail, Antonios; Porth, Oliver; Rezzolla, Luciano
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1812.04526

Numerical Simulations of an Initially Top-Hat Jet and the Afterglow of GW170817$\,$/$\,$GRB170817A
text, January 2019

Gill, Ramandeep; Granot, Jonathan; De Colle, Fabio
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1902.10303

Generalized compactness limit from an arbitrary viewing angle
text, January 2019

Matsumoto, Tatsuya; Nakar, Ehud; Piran, Tsvi
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1903.06712

A Constrained Transport Method for the Solution of the Resistive Relativistic MHD Equations
text, January 2019

Mignone, A.; Mattia, G.; Bodo, G.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1904.01530

Propagation of a Short GRB Jet in the Ejecta: Jet Launching Delay Time, Jet Structure, and GW170817/GRB 170817A
text, January 2019

Geng, Jin-Jun; Zhang, Bing; Kölligan, Anders
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1904.02326

Jet-cocoon outflows from neutron star mergers: structure, light curves, and fundamental physics
text, January 2019

Lazzati, Davide; Perna, Rosalba
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1904.08425

GW170817 Afterglow Reveals that Short Gamma-Ray Bursts are Neutron Star Mergers
text, January 2019

Wu, Yiyang; MacFadyen, Andrew
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.02665

Kilonovae
journal, December 2019

Metzger, Brian D.
Living Reviews in Relativity, Vol. 23, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s41114-019-0024-0

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Title: The γ-rays that accompanied GW170817 and the observational signature of a magnetic jet breaking out of NS merger ejecta

Abstract

Citation Formats

Short-hard gamma-ray bursts journal, April 2007

HARM: A Numerical Scheme for General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics journal, May 2003

Relativistic MHD simulations of core-collapse GRB jets: 3D instabilities and magnetic dissipation journal, December 2015

Collapsars: Gamma‐Ray Bursts and Explosions in “Failed Supernovae” journal, October 1999

Producing Ultrastrong Magnetic Fields in Neutron Star Mergers journal, May 2006

A Narrow Short-Duration grb jet from a wide Central Engine journal, October 2015

Jet Collimation in the Ejecta of Double Neutron star Mergers: a new Canonical Picture of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts journal, March 2014

Ultrarelativistic electromagnetic counterpart to binary neutron star mergers journal, October 2013

An Observational Imprint of the Collapsar Model of long Gamma-Ray Bursts journal, March 2012

Stability of relativistic jets from rotating, accreting black holes via fully three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations journal, March 2009

Highly magnetized region in pulsar wind nebulae and origin of the Crab gamma-ray flares: Pulsar wind nebulae journal, November 2012

Primitive Variable Solvers for Conservative General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics journal, April 2006

Early Supernovae Light Curves Following the Shock Breakout journal, November 2010

Dynamical mass ejection from binary neutron star mergers: Radiation-hydrodynamics study in general relativity journal, March 2015

Efficient generation of jets from magnetically arrested accretion on a rapidly spinning black hole: Jets from magnetically arrested BH accretion journal, November 2011

The cocoon emission – an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves from neutron star mergers journal, September 2017

Fast Radiation Mediated Shocks and Supernova Shock Breakouts journal, May 2010

Mass ejection from neutron star mergers: different components and expected radio signals journal, April 2015

Necessary Conditions for Short Gamma-Ray Burst Production in Binary Neutron star Mergers journal, May 2014

Nucleosynthesis, neutrino bursts and γ-rays from coalescing neutron stars journal, July 1989

Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A journal, October 2017

Dynamical mass ejection from binary neutron star mergers journal, May 2016

Properties of Neutrino-driven Ejecta from the Remnant of a Binary Neutron Star Merger: Pure Radiation Hydrodynamics Case journal, September 2017

Magnetorotational instability in neutron star mergers: impact of neutrinos journal, July 2017

Relativistic ejecta from X-ray flash XRF 060218 and the rate of cosmic explosions journal, August 2006

Temporal and Angular Properties of Gamma‐Ray Burst Jets Emerging from Massive Stars journal, August 2007

Magnetic Energy Production by Turbulence in Binary Neutron star Mergers journal, May 2013

The protomagnetar model for gamma-ray bursts: Protomagnetar model for GRBs journal, March 2011

GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral journal, October 2017

Efficient magnetic-field amplification due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in binary neutron star mergers journal, December 2015

Three-Dimensional Adaptive mesh Refinement Simulations of Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst jets Inside Massive Progenitor Stars journal, March 2013

RELATIVISTIC SHOCK BREAKOUTS—A VARIETY OF GAMMA-RAY FLARES: FROM LOW-LUMINOSITY GAMMA-RAY BURSTS TO TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE journal, February 2012

Prompt and Afterglow Emission Properties of Gamma‐Ray Bursts with Spectroscopically Identified Supernovae journal, January 2007

WHAM: a WENO-based general relativistic numerical scheme - I. Hydrodynamics journal, August 2007

A UNIFIED PICTURE FOR LOW-LUMINOSITY AND LONG GAMMA-RAY BURSTS BASED ON THE EXTENDED PROGENITOR OF ll GRB 060218/SN 2006AJ journal, July 2015

Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of gamma-ray burst jets: Beyond the progenitor star journal, November 2010

A Decade of Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst Broadband Afterglows: Energetics, Circumburst Densities, and jet Opening Angles journal, December 2015

The Propagation of Relativistic jets in External Media journal, October 2011

Mass ejection from the merger of binary neutron stars journal, January 2013

Off-axis Prompt X-Ray Transients from the Cocoon of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts journal, October 2017

The Observable Signatures of grb Cocoons journal, December 2016

Radio emission from the unusual supernova 1998bw and its association with the γ-ray burst of 25 April 1998 journal, October 1998

The structure of supernova shock waves journal, October 1976

Gravitational Waves and Neutrino Emission from the Merger of Binary Neutron Stars journal, July 2011

Merging neutron stars. 1. Initial results for coalescence of noncorotating systems journal, August 1994

Systematics of Dynamical mass Ejection, Nucleosynthesis, and Radioactively Powered Electromagnetic Signals from Neutron-Star Mergers journal, July 2013

Off-axis short GRBs from structured jets as counterparts to GW events journal, October 2017

Observational evidence for mass ejection accompanying short gamma-ray bursts journal, August 2017

The association of GRB 060218 with a supernova and the evolution of the shock wave journal, August 2006

The r-process nucleosynthesis during the decompression of neutron star crust material journal, January 2016

Kilonovae journal, December 2019

Superluminal motion of a relativistic jet in the neutron-star merger GW170817 journal, September 2018

Interpreting GRB170817A as a giant flare from a jet-less double neutron star merger journal, November 2018

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Late-time evolution of afterglows from off-axis neutron star mergers journal, August 2018

A lesson from GW170817: most neutron star mergers result in tightly collimated successful GRB jets journal, November 2018

Constraints on the emitting region of the gamma-rays observed in GW170817 journal, November 2018

Implications of the radio and X-ray emission that followed GW170817 journal, April 2018

A constrained transport method for the solution of the resistive relativistic MHD equations journal, April 2019

Detectability of neutron star merger afterglows journal, July 2019

Generalized compactness limit from an arbitrary viewing angle journal, April 2019

EM counterparts of structured jets from 3D GRMHD simulations journal, January 2019

Kilohertz gravitational waves from binary neutron star remnants: Time-domain model and constraints on extreme matter journal, November 2019

Evidence for Cocoon Emission from the Early Light Curve of SSS17a journal, March 2018

A Magnetar Origin for the Kilonova Ejecta in GW170817 journal, March 2018

Shock Acceleration of Electrons and Synchrotron Emission from the Dynamical Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers journal, May 2018

Search for GeV Gamma-Ray Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events by CALET journal, August 2018

Jet Dynamics in Compact Object Mergers: GW170817 Likely Had a Successful Jet journal, October 2018

From γ to Radio: The Electromagnetic Counterpart of GW170817 journal, October 2018

Constraining the Outflow Structure of the Binary Neutron Star Merger Event GW170817/GRB170817A with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Analysis journal, December 2018

Light Curves of a Shock-breakout Material and a Relativistic Off-axis Jet from a Binary Neutron Star System journal, January 2019

Jet–Cocoon Outflows from Neutron Star Mergers: Structure, Light Curves, and Fundamental Physics journal, August 2019

Numerical Simulations of an Initially Top-hat Jet and the Afterglow of GW170817/GRB170817A journal, September 2019

Fermi GBM Observations of GRB 150101B: A Second Nearby Event with a Short Hard Spike and a Soft Tail journal, August 2018

Radio Sky Maps of the GRB 170817A Afterglow from Simulations journal, September 2018

Magnetically Inspired Explosive Outflows from Neutron-star Mergers journal, January 2019

Propagation of a Short GRB Jet in the Ejecta: Jet Launching Delay Time, Jet Structure, and GW170817/GRB 170817A journal, June 2019

Short-hard gamma-ray bursts
journal, April 2007

HARM: A Numerical Scheme for General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics
journal, May 2003

Relativistic MHD simulations of core-collapse GRB jets: 3D instabilities and magnetic dissipation
journal, December 2015

Collapsars: Gamma‐Ray Bursts and Explosions in “Failed Supernovae”
journal, October 1999

Producing Ultrastrong Magnetic Fields in Neutron Star Mergers
journal, May 2006

A Narrow Short-Duration grb jet from a wide Central Engine
journal, October 2015

Jet Collimation in the Ejecta of Double Neutron star Mergers: a new Canonical Picture of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, March 2014

Ultrarelativistic electromagnetic counterpart to binary neutron star mergers
journal, October 2013

An Observational Imprint of the Collapsar Model of long Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, March 2012

Stability of relativistic jets from rotating, accreting black holes via fully three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations
journal, March 2009

Highly magnetized region in pulsar wind nebulae and origin of the Crab gamma-ray flares: Pulsar wind nebulae
journal, November 2012

Primitive Variable Solvers for Conservative General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics
journal, April 2006

Early Supernovae Light Curves Following the Shock Breakout
journal, November 2010

Dynamical mass ejection from binary neutron star mergers: Radiation-hydrodynamics study in general relativity
journal, March 2015

Efficient generation of jets from magnetically arrested accretion on a rapidly spinning black hole: Jets from magnetically arrested BH accretion
journal, November 2011

The cocoon emission – an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves from neutron star mergers
journal, September 2017

Fast Radiation Mediated Shocks and Supernova Shock Breakouts
journal, May 2010

Mass ejection from neutron star mergers: different components and expected radio signals
journal, April 2015

Necessary Conditions for Short Gamma-Ray Burst Production in Binary Neutron star Mergers
journal, May 2014

Nucleosynthesis, neutrino bursts and γ-rays from coalescing neutron stars
journal, July 1989

Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
journal, October 2017

Dynamical mass ejection from binary neutron star mergers
journal, May 2016

Properties of Neutrino-driven Ejecta from the Remnant of a Binary Neutron Star Merger: Pure Radiation Hydrodynamics Case
journal, September 2017

Magnetorotational instability in neutron star mergers: impact of neutrinos
journal, July 2017

Relativistic ejecta from X-ray flash XRF 060218 and the rate of cosmic explosions
journal, August 2006

Temporal and Angular Properties of Gamma‐Ray Burst Jets Emerging from Massive Stars
journal, August 2007

Magnetic Energy Production by Turbulence in Binary Neutron star Mergers
journal, May 2013

The protomagnetar model for gamma-ray bursts: Protomagnetar model for GRBs
journal, March 2011

GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
journal, October 2017

Efficient magnetic-field amplification due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in binary neutron star mergers
journal, December 2015

Three-Dimensional Adaptive mesh Refinement Simulations of Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst jets Inside Massive Progenitor Stars
journal, March 2013

RELATIVISTIC SHOCK BREAKOUTS—A VARIETY OF GAMMA-RAY FLARES: FROM LOW-LUMINOSITY GAMMA-RAY BURSTS TO TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
journal, February 2012

Prompt and Afterglow Emission Properties of Gamma‐Ray Bursts with Spectroscopically Identified Supernovae
journal, January 2007

WHAM: a WENO-based general relativistic numerical scheme - I. Hydrodynamics
journal, August 2007

A UNIFIED PICTURE FOR LOW-LUMINOSITY AND LONG GAMMA-RAY BURSTS BASED ON THE EXTENDED PROGENITOR OF ll GRB 060218/SN 2006AJ
journal, July 2015

Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of gamma-ray burst jets: Beyond the progenitor star
journal, November 2010

A Decade of Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst Broadband Afterglows: Energetics, Circumburst Densities, and jet Opening Angles
journal, December 2015

The Propagation of Relativistic jets in External Media
journal, October 2011

Mass ejection from the merger of binary neutron stars
journal, January 2013

Off-axis Prompt X-Ray Transients from the Cocoon of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, October 2017

The Observable Signatures of grb Cocoons
journal, December 2016

Radio emission from the unusual supernova 1998bw and its association with the γ-ray burst of 25 April 1998
journal, October 1998

The structure of supernova shock waves
journal, October 1976

Gravitational Waves and Neutrino Emission from the Merger of Binary Neutron Stars
journal, July 2011

Merging neutron stars. 1. Initial results for coalescence of noncorotating systems
journal, August 1994

Systematics of Dynamical mass Ejection, Nucleosynthesis, and Radioactively Powered Electromagnetic Signals from Neutron-Star Mergers
journal, July 2013

Off-axis short GRBs from structured jets as counterparts to GW events
journal, October 2017

Observational evidence for mass ejection accompanying short gamma-ray bursts
journal, August 2017

The association of GRB 060218 with a supernova and the evolution of the shock wave
journal, August 2006

The r-process nucleosynthesis during the decompression of neutron star crust material
journal, January 2016

Kilonovae
journal, December 2019

Superluminal motion of a relativistic jet in the neutron-star merger GW170817
journal, September 2018

Interpreting GRB170817A as a giant flare from a jet-less double neutron star merger
journal, November 2018

Spectral classification of gravitational-wave emission and equation of state constraints in binary neutron star mergers
journal, September 2019

Late-time evolution of afterglows from off-axis neutron star mergers
journal, August 2018

A lesson from GW170817: most neutron star mergers result in tightly collimated successful GRB jets
journal, November 2018

Constraints on the emitting region of the gamma-rays observed in GW170817
journal, November 2018

Implications of the radio and X-ray emission that followed GW170817
journal, April 2018

A constrained transport method for the solution of the resistive relativistic MHD equations
journal, April 2019

Detectability of neutron star merger afterglows
journal, July 2019

Generalized compactness limit from an arbitrary viewing angle
journal, April 2019

EM counterparts of structured jets from 3D GRMHD simulations
journal, January 2019

Kilohertz gravitational waves from binary neutron star remnants: Time-domain model and constraints on extreme matter
journal, November 2019

Evidence for Cocoon Emission from the Early Light Curve of SSS17a
journal, March 2018

A Magnetar Origin for the Kilonova Ejecta in GW170817
journal, March 2018

Shock Acceleration of Electrons and Synchrotron Emission from the Dynamical Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers
journal, May 2018

Search for GeV Gamma-Ray Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events by CALET
journal, August 2018

Jet Dynamics in Compact Object Mergers: GW170817 Likely Had a Successful Jet
journal, October 2018

From γ to Radio: The Electromagnetic Counterpart of GW170817
journal, October 2018

Constraining the Outflow Structure of the Binary Neutron Star Merger Event GW170817/GRB170817A with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Analysis
journal, December 2018

Light Curves of a Shock-breakout Material and a Relativistic Off-axis Jet from a Binary Neutron Star System
journal, January 2019

Jet–Cocoon Outflows from Neutron Star Mergers: Structure, Light Curves, and Fundamental Physics
journal, August 2019

Numerical Simulations of an Initially Top-hat Jet and the Afterglow of GW170817/GRB170817A
journal, September 2019

Fermi GBM Observations of GRB 150101B: A Second Nearby Event with a Short Hard Spike and a Soft Tail
journal, August 2018

Radio Sky Maps of the GRB 170817A Afterglow from Simulations
journal, September 2018

Magnetically Inspired Explosive Outflows from Neutron-star Mergers
journal, January 2019

Propagation of a Short GRB Jet in the Ejecta: Jet Launching Delay Time, Jet Structure, and GW170817/GRB 170817A
journal, June 2019

GW170817 Afterglow Reveals that Short Gamma-Ray Bursts are Neutron Star Mergers
journal, July 2019

Spiral-wave Wind for the Blue Kilonova
journal, November 2019

Kilohertz gravitational waves from binary neutron star remnants: Time-domain model and constraints on extreme matter
text, January 2019