The origin of water vapor rings in tropical oceanic cold pools

Langhans, Wolfgang; Romps, David M.

doi:10.1002/2015GL065623

Title: The origin of water vapor rings in tropical oceanic cold pools

Abstract

Tropical deep convection over the ocean is found to grow preferentially from thermodynamically preconditioned regions of high specific humidity and, thus, high moist static energy. Because of this, rings of enhanced specific humidity at the leading edges of evaporatively driven cold pools have recently received considerable attention. The prevailing theory explains these rings by the water vapor source from the evaporation of rain drops below cloud base. Their origin is reported on in this letter using large-eddy simulations of individual cumulus clouds that rise into a tropical atmosphere over ocean. It is demonstrated that - in contrast to this theory - water vapor rings are primarily explained by surface latent heat fluxes rather than by the evaporation of rain. This result implies that conceptual models used in subgrid-scale parameterizations of deep convection should consider the formation of rings of increased specific humidity by the cold-pool-induced enhancement of surface fluxes.

Authors:

Langhans, Wolfgang ^[1]; Romps, David M. ^[2]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Sep 07 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1512133

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; OCI-1053575

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Geophysical Research Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 42; Journal Issue: 18; Journal ID: ISSN 0094-8276

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; water vapor rings; cold pools; tropical convection; latent heat fluxes; large‐eddy simulation

Citation Formats


                    Langhans, Wolfgang, and Romps, David M. The origin of water vapor rings in tropical oceanic cold pools.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/2015GL065623.

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                    Langhans, Wolfgang, & Romps, David M. The origin of water vapor rings in tropical oceanic cold pools.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065623

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                    Langhans, Wolfgang, and Romps, David M. Mon .  
"The origin of water vapor rings in tropical oceanic cold pools".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065623.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1512133.

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@article{osti_1512133,

  title        = {The origin of water vapor rings in tropical oceanic cold pools},

  author       = {Langhans, Wolfgang and Romps, David M.},

  abstractNote = {Tropical deep convection over the ocean is found to grow preferentially from thermodynamically preconditioned regions of high specific humidity and, thus, high moist static energy. Because of this, rings of enhanced specific humidity at the leading edges of evaporatively driven cold pools have recently received considerable attention. The prevailing theory explains these rings by the water vapor source from the evaporation of rain drops below cloud base. Their origin is reported on in this letter using large-eddy simulations of individual cumulus clouds that rise into a tropical atmosphere over ocean. It is demonstrated that - in contrast to this theory - water vapor rings are primarily explained by surface latent heat fluxes rather than by the evaporation of rain. This result implies that conceptual models used in subgrid-scale parameterizations of deep convection should consider the formation of rings of increased specific humidity by the cold-pool-induced enhancement of surface fluxes.},

  doi          = {10.1002/2015GL065623},

  journal      = {Geophysical Research Letters},

  number       = 18,

  volume       = 42,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Sep 07 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Mon Sep 07 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

Copy to clipboard

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Convective Self‐Aggregation As a Cold Pool‐Driven Critical Phenomenon
journal, April 2019

Haerter, Jan O.
Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1029/2018gl081817

Moisture Distributions in Tropical Cold Pools From Equatorial Indian Ocean Observations and Cloud-Resolving Simulations
journal, October 2018

Chandra, Arunchandra S.; Zuidema, Paquita; Krueger, Steven
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 20
DOI: 10.1029/2018jd028634

A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment
journal, November 2017

Zuidema, Paquita; Torri, Giuseppe; Muller, Caroline
Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 38, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/s10712-017-9447-x

Convective Self-Aggregation as a Cold-Pool Driven Critical Phenomenon
text, January 2020

Haerter, Jan O.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2002.03474

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Title: The origin of water vapor rings in tropical oceanic cold pools

Abstract

Citation Formats

Boundary Layer Thermodynamics of a High Plains Severe Storm journal, November 1984

The dynamics of the head of a gravity current advancing over a horizontal surface journal, October 1979

The tropical marine boundary layer under a deep convection system: A large-eddy simulation study journal, December 2009

Role of a Parameterized Ice-Phase Microphysics in an Axisymmetric, Nonhydrostatic Tropical Cyclone Model journal, October 1984

The Dry-Entropy Budget of a Moist Atmosphere journal, December 2008

Flux-gradient relationships in the constant flux layer journal, October 1970

Modeling turbulent flow with implicit LES journal, January 2006

Convection Initiation by Density Currents: Role of Convergence, Shear, and Dynamical Organization journal, October 1999

A Unified Convection Scheme (UNICON). Part I: Formulation journal, November 2014

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Convection Produced by Interacting Thunderstorm Outflows. Part I: Control Simulation and Low-Level Moisture Variations journal, November 1985

Efficient implementation of essentially non-oscillatory shock-capturing schemes journal, August 1988

Organization of Tropical Convection in Low Vertical Wind Shears: The Role of Cold Pools journal, July 2001

Mechanisms of convective cloud organization by cold pools over tropical warm ocean during the AMIE/DYNAMO field campaign journal, April 2015

Mechanisms for convection triggering by cold pools journal, March 2015

Bulk Parameterization of the Snow Field in a Cloud Model journal, June 1983

Convective Wakes in the Equatorial Western Pacific during TOGA journal, January 1995

Estimation of entrainment rate in simple models of convective clouds journal, January 2001

Representation of Boundary Layer Moisture Transport in Cloud-Resolving Models journal, November 2012

An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology book, January 1988

Thermodynamic characteristics of air flowing into and out of precipitating convection over the west Pacific warm pool journal, April 1999

On Trade Wind Cumulus Cold Pools journal, January 2012

A Density Current Parameterization Coupled with Emanuel’s Convection Scheme. Part I: The Models journal, April 2010

Models of Precipitating Cumulus Towers journal, July 1969

Aerosol Effects on Clouds, Precipitation, and the Organization of Shallow Cumulus Convection journal, February 2008

A Transilient Matrix for Moist Convection journal, September 2011

Organization of Tropical Convection in Low Vertical Wind Shears: The Role of Water Vapor journal, March 2001

Improvements of an Ice-Phase Microphysics Parameterization for Use in Numerical Simulations of Tropical Convection journal, January 1995

Simulated Convective Invigoration Processes at Trade Wind Cumulus Cold Pool Boundaries journal, August 2014

Modifications of the atmospheric moisture field as a result of cold-pool dynamics: Moisture Modifications by Cold Pools journal, September 2015

A Convective Wake Parameterization Scheme for Use in General Circulation Models journal, February 1998

A Composite Analysis of the Boundary Layer Accompanying a Tropical Squall Line journal, February 1983

Multidimensional Flux-Limited Advection Schemes journal, January 1996

Influence of the Subcloud Layer on the Development of a Deep Convective Ensemble journal, September 2012

Control of deep convection by sub-cloud lifting processes: the ALP closure in the LMDZ5B general circulation model journal, September 2012

Downdrafts from tropical oceanic cumuli journal, January 1984

The Formation of Wider and Deeper Clouds as a Result of Cold-Pool Dynamics journal, August 2014

A New Subcloud Model for Mass-Flux Convection Schemes: Influence on Triggering, Updraft Properties, and Model Climate journal, November 2003

Variability in surface meteorology and air-sea fluxes due to cumulus convective systems observed during CINDY/DYNAMO journal, March 2014

Large-eddy simulation of organized precipitating trade wind cumulus clouds journal, January 2013

Conservative Split-Explicit Time Integration Methods for the Compressible Nonhydrostatic Equations journal, August 2007

Convective Self‐Aggregation As a Cold Pool‐Driven Critical Phenomenon journal, April 2019

Moisture Distributions in Tropical Cold Pools From Equatorial Indian Ocean Observations and Cloud-Resolving Simulations journal, October 2018

A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment journal, November 2017

Convective Self-Aggregation as a Cold-Pool Driven Critical Phenomenon text, January 2020

Boundary Layer Thermodynamics of a High Plains Severe Storm
journal, November 1984

The dynamics of the head of a gravity current advancing over a horizontal surface
journal, October 1979

The tropical marine boundary layer under a deep convection system: A large-eddy simulation study
journal, December 2009

Role of a Parameterized Ice-Phase Microphysics in an Axisymmetric, Nonhydrostatic Tropical Cyclone Model
journal, October 1984

The Dry-Entropy Budget of a Moist Atmosphere
journal, December 2008

Flux-gradient relationships in the constant flux layer
journal, October 1970

Modeling turbulent flow with implicit LES
journal, January 2006

Convection Initiation by Density Currents: Role of Convergence, Shear, and Dynamical Organization
journal, October 1999

A Unified Convection Scheme (UNICON). Part I: Formulation
journal, November 2014

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Convection Produced by Interacting Thunderstorm Outflows. Part I: Control Simulation and Low-Level Moisture Variations
journal, November 1985

Efficient implementation of essentially non-oscillatory shock-capturing schemes
journal, August 1988

Organization of Tropical Convection in Low Vertical Wind Shears: The Role of Cold Pools
journal, July 2001

Mechanisms of convective cloud organization by cold pools over tropical warm ocean during the AMIE/DYNAMO field campaign
journal, April 2015

Mechanisms for convection triggering by cold pools
journal, March 2015

Bulk Parameterization of the Snow Field in a Cloud Model
journal, June 1983

Convective Wakes in the Equatorial Western Pacific during TOGA
journal, January 1995

Estimation of entrainment rate in simple models of convective clouds
journal, January 2001

Representation of Boundary Layer Moisture Transport in Cloud-Resolving Models
journal, November 2012

An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology
book, January 1988

Thermodynamic characteristics of air flowing into and out of precipitating convection over the west Pacific warm pool
journal, April 1999

On Trade Wind Cumulus Cold Pools
journal, January 2012

A Density Current Parameterization Coupled with Emanuel’s Convection Scheme. Part I: The Models
journal, April 2010

Models of Precipitating Cumulus Towers
journal, July 1969

Aerosol Effects on Clouds, Precipitation, and the Organization of Shallow Cumulus Convection
journal, February 2008

A Transilient Matrix for Moist Convection
journal, September 2011

Organization of Tropical Convection in Low Vertical Wind Shears: The Role of Water Vapor
journal, March 2001

Improvements of an Ice-Phase Microphysics Parameterization for Use in Numerical Simulations of Tropical Convection
journal, January 1995

Simulated Convective Invigoration Processes at Trade Wind Cumulus Cold Pool Boundaries
journal, August 2014

Modifications of the atmospheric moisture field as a result of cold-pool dynamics: Moisture Modifications by Cold Pools
journal, September 2015

A Convective Wake Parameterization Scheme for Use in General Circulation Models
journal, February 1998

A Composite Analysis of the Boundary Layer Accompanying a Tropical Squall Line
journal, February 1983

Multidimensional Flux-Limited Advection Schemes
journal, January 1996

Influence of the Subcloud Layer on the Development of a Deep Convective Ensemble
journal, September 2012

Control of deep convection by sub-cloud lifting processes: the ALP closure in the LMDZ5B general circulation model
journal, September 2012

Downdrafts from tropical oceanic cumuli
journal, January 1984

The Formation of Wider and Deeper Clouds as a Result of Cold-Pool Dynamics
journal, August 2014

A New Subcloud Model for Mass-Flux Convection Schemes: Influence on Triggering, Updraft Properties, and Model Climate
journal, November 2003

Variability in surface meteorology and air-sea fluxes due to cumulus convective systems observed during CINDY/DYNAMO
journal, March 2014

Large-eddy simulation of organized precipitating trade wind cumulus clouds
journal, January 2013

Conservative Split-Explicit Time Integration Methods for the Compressible Nonhydrostatic Equations
journal, August 2007

Convective Self‐Aggregation As a Cold Pool‐Driven Critical Phenomenon
journal, April 2019

Moisture Distributions in Tropical Cold Pools From Equatorial Indian Ocean Observations and Cloud-Resolving Simulations
journal, October 2018

A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment
journal, November 2017

Convective Self-Aggregation as a Cold-Pool Driven Critical Phenomenon
text, January 2020