A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment
Abstract
Pools of air cooled by partial rain evaporation span up to several hundreds of kilometers in nature and typically last less than 1 day, ultimately losing their identity to the large-scale flow. These fundamentally differ in character from the radiatively-driven dry pools defining convective aggregation. Advancement in remote sensing and in computer capabilities has promoted exploration of how precipitation-induced cold pool processes modify the convective spectrum and life cycle. This contribution surveys current understanding of such cold pools over the tropical and subtropical oceans. In shallow convection with low rain rates, the cold pools moisten, preserving the near-surface equivalent potential temperature or increasing it if the surface moisture fluxes cannot ventilate beyond the new surface layer; both conditions indicate downdraft origin air from within the boundary layer. When rain rates exceed ~2 mm h –1, convective-scale downdrafts can bring down drier air of lower equivalent potential temperature from above the boundary layer. The resulting density currents facilitate the lifting of locally thermodynamically favorable air and can impose an arc-shaped mesoscale cloud organization. This organization allows clouds capable of reaching 4–5 km within otherwise dry environments. These are more commonly observed in the northern hemisphere trade wind regime, where the flowmore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ of Miami., Miami, FL (United States)
- Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
- CNRS Laboratoire d’Hydrodynamique de l’Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau (France)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1499005
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0018120
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Surveys in Geophysics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 38; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 0169-3298
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Convective cold pools; Tropical convection; Shallow cumulus convection
Citation Formats
Zuidema, Paquita, Torri, Giuseppe, Muller, Caroline, and Chandra, Arunchandra. A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1007/s10712-017-9447-x.
Zuidema, Paquita, Torri, Giuseppe, Muller, Caroline, & Chandra, Arunchandra. A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment. United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-017-9447-x
Zuidema, Paquita, Torri, Giuseppe, Muller, Caroline, and Chandra, Arunchandra. Tue .
"A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment". United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-017-9447-x. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1499005.
@article{osti_1499005,
title = {A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment},
author = {Zuidema, Paquita and Torri, Giuseppe and Muller, Caroline and Chandra, Arunchandra},
abstractNote = {Pools of air cooled by partial rain evaporation span up to several hundreds of kilometers in nature and typically last less than 1 day, ultimately losing their identity to the large-scale flow. These fundamentally differ in character from the radiatively-driven dry pools defining convective aggregation. Advancement in remote sensing and in computer capabilities has promoted exploration of how precipitation-induced cold pool processes modify the convective spectrum and life cycle. This contribution surveys current understanding of such cold pools over the tropical and subtropical oceans. In shallow convection with low rain rates, the cold pools moisten, preserving the near-surface equivalent potential temperature or increasing it if the surface moisture fluxes cannot ventilate beyond the new surface layer; both conditions indicate downdraft origin air from within the boundary layer. When rain rates exceed ~2 mm h –1, convective-scale downdrafts can bring down drier air of lower equivalent potential temperature from above the boundary layer. The resulting density currents facilitate the lifting of locally thermodynamically favorable air and can impose an arc-shaped mesoscale cloud organization. This organization allows clouds capable of reaching 4–5 km within otherwise dry environments. These are more commonly observed in the northern hemisphere trade wind regime, where the flow to the intertropical convergence zone is unimpeded by the equator. Here their near-surface air properties share much with those shown from cold pools sampled in the equatorial Indian Ocean. Cold pools are most effective at influencing the mesoscale organization when the atmosphere is moist in the lower free troposphere and dry above, suggesting an optimal range of water vapor paths. Outstanding questions on the relationship between cold pools, their accompanying moisture distribution and cloud cover are detailed further. Near-surface water vapor rings are documented in one model inside but near the cold pool edge; these are not consistent with observations, but do improve with smaller horizontal grid spacings.},
doi = {10.1007/s10712-017-9447-x},
journal = {Surveys in Geophysics},
number = 6,
volume = 38,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Nov 14 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Tue Nov 14 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
The Influence of Environmental Low-Level Shear and Cold Pools on Tornadogenesis: Insights from Idealized Simulations
journal, January 2014
- Markowski, Paul M.; Richardson, Yvette P.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 71, Issue 1
Precipitation in marine cumulus and stratocumulus.
journal, July 2000
- Jensen, Jørgen B.; Lee, Sunhee; Krummel, Paul B.
- Atmospheric Research, Vol. 54, Issue 2-3
Shallow Convection on Day 261 of GATE/ Mesoscale Arcs
journal, December 1979
- Warner, C.; Simpson, J.; Martin, D. W.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 107, Issue 12
Cross‐Saharan transport of water vapor via recycled cold pool outflows from moist convection
journal, February 2017
- Trzeciak, Tomasz M.; Garcia‐Carreras, Luis; Marsham, John H.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 3
Clouds Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation: A New Perspective from CloudSat
journal, December 2011
- Riley, Emily M.; Mapes, Brian E.; Tulich, Stefan N.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 68, Issue 12
Organization of Tropical Convection in Low Vertical Wind Shears: The Role of Cold Pools
journal, July 2001
- Tompkins, Adrian M.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 58, Issue 13
On the interaction between marine boundary layer cellular cloudiness and surface heat fluxes
journal, January 2014
- Kazil, J.; Feingold, G.; Wang, H.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 1
On the sizes and lifetimes of cold pools: On the Sizes and Lifetimes of Cold Pools
journal, April 2016
- Romps, David M.; Jeevanjee, Nadir
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 142, Issue 696
The origin of water vapor rings in tropical oceanic cold pools
journal, September 2015
- Langhans, Wolfgang; Romps, David M.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 18
Detailed Investigation of the Self-Aggregation of Convection in Cloud-Resolving Simulations
journal, August 2012
- Muller, Caroline J.; Held, Isaac M.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 69, Issue 8
The Structure and Mesoscale Organization of Precipitating Stratocumulus
journal, May 2008
- Savic-Jovcic, Verica; Stevens, Bjorn
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 65, Issue 5
Ship-Based Observations of the Diurnal Cycle of Southeast Pacific Marine Stratocumulus Clouds and Precipitation
journal, December 2013
- Burleyson, Casey D.; de Szoeke, Simon P.; Yuter, Sandra E.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 70, Issue 12
Entrainment into two-dimensional and axisymmetric turbulent gravity currents
journal, February 1996
- Hallworth, Mark A.; Huppert, Herbert E.; Phillips, Jeremy C.
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 308
On large-scale circulations in convecting atmospheres
journal, July 1994
- Emanuel, Kerry A.; David Neelin, J.; Bretherton, Christopher S.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 120, Issue 519
The impact of a mesoscale convective system cold pool on the northward propagation of the intertropical discontinuity over West Africa
journal, January 2009
- Flamant, C.; Knippertz, P.; Parker, D. J.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 135, Issue 638
A Large Eddy Simulation Intercomparison Study of Shallow Cumulus Convection
journal, May 2003
- Siebesma, A. Pier; Bretherton, Christopher S.; Brown, Andrew
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 60, Issue 10
A Convective Wake Parameterization Scheme for Use in General Circulation Models
journal, February 1998
- Qian, Liying; Young, George S.; Frank, William M.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 126, Issue 2
Climatology of drizzle in marine boundary layer clouds based on 1 year of data from CloudSat and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO)
journal, January 2008
- Leon, David C.; Wang, Zhien; Liu, Dong
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113
Stratocumulus Cloud-Top Height Estimates and Their Climatic Implications
journal, September 2009
- Zuidema, Paquita; Painemal, David; de Szoeke, Simon
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 22, Issue 17
Control of deep convection by sub-cloud lifting processes: the ALP closure in the LMDZ5B general circulation model
journal, September 2012
- Rio, Catherine; Grandpeix, Jean-Yves; Hourdin, Frédéric
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 40, Issue 9-10
Cloud organization and growth during the transition from suppressed to active MJO conditions
journal, October 2015
- Rowe, Angela K.; Houze, Robert A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 120, Issue 19
Organization of tropical convection in low vertical wind shears: Role of updraft entrainment
journal, May 2017
- Tompkins, Adrian M.; Semie, Addisu G.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 9, Issue 2
Cold pool dissipation: Cold Pool Dissipation
journal, February 2016
- Grant, Leah D.; van den Heever, Susan C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 121, Issue 3
The Sensitivity of Simulated Shallow Cumulus Convection and Cold Pools to Microphysics
journal, September 2015
- Li, Zhujun; Zuidema, Paquita; Zhu, Ping
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 72, Issue 9
Near-Surface Density Currents Observed in the Southeast Pacific Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer*
journal, September 2015
- Wilbanks, Matt C.; Yuter, Sandra E.; de Szoeke, Simon P.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 143, Issue 9
Drizzle in Stratiform Boundary Layer Clouds. Part II: Microphysical Aspects
journal, September 2005
- Wood, R.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 62, Issue 9
The Relationship between Drop In-Cloud Residence Time and Drizzle Production in Numerically Simulated Stratocumulus Clouds
journal, April 1996
- Feingold, Graham; Cotton, W. R.; Stevens, Bjorn
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 53, Issue 8
A Multiparcel Model for Shallow Cumulus Convection
journal, May 2002
- Neggers, R. A. J.; Siebesma, A. P.; Jonker, H. J. J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 59, Issue 10
Regulation of Moist Convection over the West Pacific Warm Pool
journal, November 1995
- Raymond, David J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 52, Issue 22
Simulations of cloud‐radiation interaction using large‐scale forcing derived from the CINDY/DYNAMO northern sounding array
journal, September 2015
- Wang, Shuguang; Sobel, Adam H.; Fridlind, Ann
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 7, Issue 3
Convective self-aggregation, cold pools, and domain size: AGGREGATION, COLD POOLS, AND DOMAIN SIZE
journal, March 2013
- Jeevanjee, Nadir; Romps, David M.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 5
Tropospheric water vapor, convection, and climate
journal, January 2010
- Sherwood, S. C.; Roca, R.; Weckwerth, T. M.
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 48, Issue 2
Precipitation Characteristics of Trade Wind Clouds during RICO Derived from Radar, Satellite, and Aircraft Measurements
journal, March 2009
- Snodgrass, Eric R.; Di Girolamo, Larry; Rauber, Robert M.
- Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 48, Issue 3
The 600–800-mb Minimum in Tropical Cloudiness Observed during TOGA COARE
journal, June 1998
- Zuidema, Paquita
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 55, Issue 12
Mechanisms for convection triggering by cold pools
journal, March 2015
- Torri, Giuseppe; Kuang, Zhiming; Tian, Yang
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 6
Diurnally Modulated Cumulus Moistening in the Preonset Stage of the Madden–Julian Oscillation during DYNAMO*
journal, April 2015
- Ruppert, James H.; Johnson, Richard H.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 72, Issue 4
EUREC4A: A Field Campaign to Elucidate the Couplings Between Clouds, Convection and Circulation
journal, September 2017
- Bony, Sandrine; Stevens, Bjorn; Ament, Felix
- Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Structure and Dynamical Influence of Water Vapor in the Lower Tropical Troposphere
journal, July 2017
- Stevens, Bjorn; Brogniez, Hélène; Kiemle, Christoph
- Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Role of surface heat fluxes underneath cold pools
journal, January 2016
- Gentine, Pierre; Garelli, Alix; Park, Seung‐Bu
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 2
Thermodynamic and Aerosol Controls in Southeast Pacific Stratocumulus
journal, April 2012
- Mechem, David B.; Yuter, Sandra E.; de Szoeke, Simon P.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 69, Issue 4
Observations of a Squall Line and Its Near Environment Using High-Frequency Rawinsonde Launches during VORTEX2
journal, November 2010
- Bryan, George H.; Parker, Matthew D.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 138, Issue 11
Implications of Warm Rain in Shallow Cumulus and Congestus Clouds for Large-Scale Circulations
journal, September 2017
- Nuijens, Louise; Emanuel, Kerry; Masunaga, Hirohiko
- Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Mesoscale and Convective–Scale Downdrafts as Distinct Components of Squall-Line Structure
journal, December 1977
- Zipser, E. J.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 105, Issue 12
The north-east trade of the Pacific Ocean
journal, October 1951
- Riehl, H.; Yeh, T. C.; Malkus, J. S.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 77, Issue 334
Test of a Convective Wake Parameterization in the Single-Column Version of CCM3
journal, June 1999
- Rozbicki, John J.; Young, George S.; Qian, Liying
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 127, Issue 6
The role of precipitation and spatial organization in the response of trade-wind clouds to warming: WARMING RESPONSE OF SHALLOW CONVECTION
journal, June 2016
- Vogel, Raphaela; Nuijens, Louise; Stevens, Bjorn
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Characterizing convective cold pools
journal, May 2017
- Drager, Aryeh J.; van den Heever, Susan C.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 9, Issue 2
Mass and Energy Transports in an Undisturbed Atlantic Trade-Wind Flow
journal, February 1973
- Augstein, Ernst; Riehl, Herbert; Ostapoff, Feodor
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 101, Issue 2
The Formation of Wider and Deeper Clouds as a Result of Cold-Pool Dynamics
journal, August 2014
- Schlemmer, Linda; Hohenegger, Cathy
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 71, Issue 8
Cold Pool and Precipitation Responses to Aerosol Loading: Modulation by Dry Layers
journal, April 2015
- Grant, Leah D.; van den Heever, Susan C.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 72, Issue 4
Airborne Lidar Observations of Water Vapor Variability in Tropical Shallow Convective Environment
journal, October 2017
- Kiemle, Christoph; Groß, Silke; Wirth, Martin
- Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Simulating deep convection with a shallow convection scheme
journal, January 2011
- Hohenegger, C.; Bretherton, C. S.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 20
A Parameterization of Convective Dust Storms for Models with Mass-Flux Convection Schemes
journal, June 2015
- Pantillon, Florian; Knippertz, Peter; Marsham, John H.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 72, Issue 6
Mixing in lock-release gravity currents
journal, January 1996
- Hacker, J.; Linden, P. F.; Dalziel, S. B.
- Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, Vol. 24, Issue 1-4
Effective Buoyancy, Inertial Pressure, and the Mechanical Generation of Boundary Layer Mass Flux by Cold Pools
journal, August 2015
- Jeevanjee, Nadir; Romps, David M.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 72, Issue 8
Convection in GATE
journal, January 1981
- Houze, Robert A.; Betts, Alan K.
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 19, Issue 4
ITCZ structure as determined by parameterized versus explicit convection in aquachannel and aquapatch simulations
journal, March 2016
- Nolan, David S.; Tulich, Stefan N.; Blanco, Joaquin E.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Constructing a Merged Cloud–Precipitation Radar Dataset for Tropical Convective Clouds during the DYNAMO/AMIE Experiment at Addu Atoll
journal, May 2014
- Feng, Zhe; McFarlane, Sally A.; Schumacher, Courtney
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 5
Importance Profiles for Water Vapor
journal, October 2017
- Mapes, Brian; Chandra, Arunchandra S.; Kuang, Zhiming
- Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Low-latitude boundary layer clouds as seen by CALIPSO
journal, January 2010
- Medeiros, Brian; Nuijens, Louise; Antoniazzi, Chiara
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue D23
Precipitation-generated oscillations in open cellular cloud fields
journal, August 2010
- Feingold, Graham; Koren, Ilan; Wang, Hailong
- Nature, Vol. 466, Issue 7308
Thermodynamic characteristics of air flowing into and out of precipitating convection over the west Pacific warm pool
journal, April 1999
- Kingsmill, David E.; Houze, Robert A.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 125, Issue 556
Convective Self-Aggregation in Numerical Simulations: A Review
journal, February 2017
- Wing, Allison A.; Emanuel, Kerry; Holloway, Christopher E.
- Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Constraints on Cumulus Parameterization from Simulations of Observed MJO Events
journal, August 2015
- Del Genio, Anthony D.; Wu, Jingbo; Wolf, Audrey B.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 28, Issue 16
Simple Models of the Role of Surface Fluxes in Convective Cold Pool Evolution
journal, July 2004
- Ross, A. N.; Tompkins, A. M.; Parker, D. J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 61, Issue 13
A Model of Intense Downdrafts Driven by the Melting and Evaporation of Precipitation
journal, July 1987
- Srivastava, R. C.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 44, Issue 13
Modeling Mesoscale Cellular Structures and Drizzle in Marine Stratocumulus. Part I: Impact of Drizzle on the Formation and Evolution of Open Cells
journal, November 2009
- Wang, Hailong; Feingold, Graham
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 66, Issue 11
Rain evaporation and moist patches in tropical boundary layers: RAIN EVAPORATION AND MOIST PATCHES
journal, September 2016
- Torri, Giuseppe; Kuang, Zhiming
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 18
Aerosol Effects on Clouds, Precipitation, and the Organization of Shallow Cumulus Convection
journal, February 2008
- Xue, Huiwen; Feingold, Graham; Stevens, Bjorn
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 65, Issue 2
Ground-Based Temperature and Humidity Profiling Using Spectral Infrared and Microwave Observations. Part II: Actual Retrieval Performance in Clear-Sky and Cloudy Conditions
journal, November 2015
- Blumberg, W. G.; Turner, D. D.; Löhnert, U.
- Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 54, Issue 11
An aircraft case study of the spatial transition from closed to open mesoscale cellular convection over the Southeast Pacific
journal, January 2011
- Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.; Leon, D.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 5
Observations of the Structure of Heavily Precipitating Marine Stratocumulus
journal, December 2005
- vanZanten, M. C.; Stevens, Bjorn
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 62, Issue 12
The Barbados Cloud Observatory: Anchoring Investigations of Clouds and Circulation on the Edge of the ITCZ
journal, May 2016
- Stevens, Bjorn; Farrell, David; Hirsch, Lutz
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 97, Issue 5
Downdrafts from tropical oceanic cumuli
journal, January 1984
- Addis, R. P.; Garstang, M.; Emmitt, G. D.
- Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 28, Issue 1-2
A numerical investigation of boundary layer quasi-equilibrium
journal, January 2015
- Thayer-Calder, K.; Randall, David
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 2
Influences of drizzle on stratocumulus cloudiness and organization: Influences of Drizzle on Stratocumulus
journal, July 2017
- Zhou, Xiaoli; Heus, Thijs; Kollias, Pavlos
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 122, Issue 13
Heat and Moisture Budget Analyses Using BOMEX Data
journal, January 1974
- Nitta, Tsuyoshi; Esbensen, Steven
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 102, Issue 1
Radiative-Convective Equilibrium with Explicit Two-Dimensional Moist Convection
journal, December 1993
- Held, Isaac M.; Hemler, Richard S.; Ramaswamy, V.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 50, Issue 23
Dynamical Adjustment of the Trade Wind Inversion Layer
journal, August 1995
- Schubert, Wayne H.; Ciesielski, Paul E.; Lu, Chungu
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 52, Issue 16
A Theory for Strong, Long-Lived Squall Lines
journal, February 1988
- Rotunno, Richard; Klemp, Joseph B.; Weisman, Morris L.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 45, Issue 3
Observational Evidence for Relationships between the Degree of Aggregation of Deep Convection, Water Vapor, Surface Fluxes, and Radiation
journal, October 2012
- Tobin, Isabelle; Bony, Sandrine; Roca, Remy
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 20
Relationships between radiation, clouds, and convection during DYNAMO: Radiation, Clouds, and Convection in MJO
journal, March 2017
- Ciesielski, Paul E.; Johnson, Richard H.; Jiang, Xianan
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 122, Issue 5
High-Resolution Simulation of Shallow-to-Deep Convection Transition over Land
journal, December 2006
- Khairoutdinov, Marat; Randall, David
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 63, Issue 12
Stratocumulus to cumulus transition in the presence of elevated smoke layers: MARINE LOW CLOUD TRANSITION WITH SMOKE
journal, December 2015
- Yamaguchi, Takanobu; Feingold, Graham; Kazil, Jan
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 23
Effects of precipitation on the thermodynamic structure of the trade wind boundary layer
journal, April 1993
- Albrecht, Bruce A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 98, Issue D4
Factors responsible for the vertical development of tropical oceanic cumulus convection: FACTORS FOR TROPICAL CUMULUS DEVELOPMENT
journal, June 2004
- Takemi, Tetsuya; Hirayama, Osamu; Liu, Changhai
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 11
Controls on precipitation and cloudiness in simulations of trade-wind cumulus as observed during RICO: CONTROLS ON PRECIPITATION … IN TRADE-WIND CUMULUS
journal, February 2011
- vanZanten, Margreet C.; Stevens, Bjorn; Nuijens, Louise
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Mixing in gravity currents
journal, October 2013
- Fragoso, A. T.; Patterson, M. D.; Wettlaufer, J. S.
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 734
Convective Wakes in the Equatorial Western Pacific during TOGA
journal, January 1995
- Young, George S.; Perugini, Samuel M.; Fairall, C. W.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 123, Issue 1
Aircraft observations of cold pools under marine stratocumulus
journal, January 2013
- Terai, C. R.; Wood, R.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 19
The Thermodynamic Transformation of the Tropical Subcloud Layer by Precipitation and Downdrafts
journal, June 1976
- Betts, Alan K.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 33, Issue 6
Numerical Experiments on the Mechanisms for the Development and Maintenance of Long-Lived Squall Lines in Dry Environments
journal, June 2000
- Takemi, Tetsuya; Satomura, Takehiko
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 57, Issue 11
ASCAT observations of downdrafts from mesoscale convective systems
journal, March 2015
- Kilpatrick, Thomas J.; Xie, Shang-Ping
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 6
Simulated Convective Invigoration Processes at Trade Wind Cumulus Cold Pool Boundaries
journal, August 2014
- Li, Zhujun; Zuidema, Paquita; Zhu, Ping
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 71, Issue 8
An object-based model for convective cold pool dynamics
journal, January 2016
- Böing, S. J.
- Mathematics of Climate and Weather Forecasting, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Rain in Shallow Cumulus Over the Ocean: The RICO Campaign
journal, December 2007
- Rauber, Robert M.; Stevens, Bjorn; Ochs, Harry T.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 88, Issue 12
Surface Fluxes and Boundary Layer Recovery in TOGA COARE: Sensitivity to Convective Organization
journal, September 1998
- Saxen, Thomas R.; Rutledge, Steven A.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 55, Issue 17
Large-eddy simulation of organized precipitating trade wind cumulus clouds
journal, January 2013
- Seifert, A.; Heus, T.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 11
On the Difficulty of Measuring Temperature and Humidity in Cloud: Comments on “Shallow Convection on Day 261 of GATE: Mesoscale Arcs”
journal, October 1980
- Lemone, Margaret A.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 108, Issue 10
The Relationship of Trade Wind Cumulus Distribution to Subcloud Layer Fluxes and Structure
journal, May 1976
- LeMone, Margaret A.; Pennell, William T.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 104, Issue 5
The behavior of trade-wind cloudiness in observations and models: The major cloud components and their variability: Observed and modeled trade-wind clouds
journal, April 2015
- Nuijens, Louise; Medeiros, Brian; Sandu, Irina
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 7, Issue 2
A Lagrangian View of Moisture Dynamics during DYNAMO
journal, May 2016
- Hannah, Walter M.; Mapes, Brian E.; Elsaesser, Gregory S.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 73, Issue 5
What favors convective aggregation and why?: WHAT FAVORS CONVECTIVE AGGREGATION
journal, July 2015
- Muller, Caroline; Bony, Sandrine
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 13
Modifications of the atmospheric moisture field as a result of cold-pool dynamics: Moisture Modifications by Cold Pools
journal, September 2015
- Schlemmer, Linda; Hohenegger, Cathy
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 142, Issue 694
Tracking Pulses of the Madden–Julian Oscillation
journal, December 2013
- Yoneyama, Kunio; Zhang, Chidong; Long, Charles N.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 94, Issue 12
On Trade Wind Cumulus Cold Pools
journal, January 2012
- Zuidema, Paquita; Li, Zhujun; Hill, Reginald J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 69, Issue 1
Smoke and Clouds above the Southeast Atlantic: Upcoming Field Campaigns Probe Absorbing Aerosol’s Impact on Climate
journal, July 2016
- Zuidema, Paquita; Redemann, Jens; Haywood, James
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 97, Issue 7
The north-east trade of the Pacific Ocean
journal, July 1952
- Riehl, H.; Yeh, T. C.; Malkus, J. S.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 78, Issue 337
Implications of Warm Rain in Shallow Cumulus and Congestus Clouds for Large-Scale Circulations
book, January 2017
- Nuijens, Louise; Emanuel, Kerry; Masunaga, Hirohiko
- Space Sciences Series of ISSI
Tropical continental downdraft characteristics: mesoscale systems versus unorganized convection
journal, January 2018
- Schiro, Kathleen A.; Neelin, J. David
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 3
Mass and energy transports in an undisturbed Atlantic Trade-Wind Flow
text, January 1973
- Augstein, Ernst; Riehl, Herbert; Ostapoff, Feodor
- Universität Hamburg
An aircraft case study of the spatial transition from closed to open mesoscale cellular convection over the Southeast Pacific
journal, January 2010
- Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.; Leon, D.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol. 10, Issue 7
Large-eddy simulation of organized precipitating trade wind cumulus clouds
journal, January 2013
- Seifert, A.; Heus, T.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol. 13, Issue 1
Airborne Lidar Observations of Water Vapor Variability in Tropical Shallow Convective Environment
book, January 2017
- Kiemle, Christoph; Groß, Silke; Wirth, Martin
- Space Sciences Series of ISSI
Observing Convective Aggregation
journal, June 2017
- Holloway, Christopher E.; Wing, Allison A.; Bony, Sandrine
- Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Importance Profiles for Water Vapor
book, January 2017
- Mapes, Brian; Chandra, Arunchandra S.; Kuang, Zhiming
- Space Sciences Series of ISSI
Works referencing / citing this record:
Airborne Lidar Observations of Water Vapor Variability in Tropical Shallow Convective Environment
book, January 2017
- Kiemle, Christoph; Groß, Silke; Wirth, Martin
- Space Sciences Series of ISSI
Ongoing Breakthroughs in Convective Parameterization
journal, April 2019
- Rio, Catherine; Del Genio, Anthony D.; Hourdin, Frédéric
- Current Climate Change Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Convective Self‐Aggregation As a Cold Pool‐Driven Critical Phenomenon
journal, April 2019
- Haerter, Jan O.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 7
Moisture Distributions in Tropical Cold Pools From Equatorial Indian Ocean Observations and Cloud-Resolving Simulations
journal, October 2018
- Chandra, Arunchandra S.; Zuidema, Paquita; Krueger, Steven
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 20
Surface Moisture Exchange Under Vanishing Wind in Simulations of Idealized Tropical Convection
journal, November 2019
- Mol, Wouter B.; Heerwaarden, Chiel C.; Schlemmer, Linda
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 22
Tracking the Gust Fronts of Convective Cold Pools
journal, November 2019
- Fournier, Marielle B.; Haerter, Jan O.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 21
Airborne Lidar Observations of Water Vapor Variability in Tropical Shallow Convective Environment
journal, October 2017
- Kiemle, Christoph; Groß, Silke; Wirth, Martin
- Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Tracking the Gust Fronts of Convective Cold Pools
text, January 2020
- Fournier, Marielle B.; Haerter, Jan O.
- arXiv
Convective Self-Aggregation as a Cold-Pool Driven Critical Phenomenon
text, January 2020
- Haerter, Jan O.
- arXiv