Nonlinear softening of unconsolidated granular earth materials
Abstract
Unconsolidated granular earth materials exhibit softening behavior due to external perturbations such as seismic waves, namely, the wave speed and elastic modulus decrease upon increasing the strain amplitude above dynamics strains of about 10-6 under near-surface conditions. In this letter, we describe a theoretical model for such behavior. The model is based on the idea that shear transformation zones—clusters of grains that are loose and susceptible to contact changes, particle displacement, and rearrangement—are responsible for plastic deformation and softening of the material. We apply the theory to experiments on simulated fault gouge composed of glass beads and demonstrate that the theory predicts nonlinear resonance shifts, reduction of the P wave modulus, and attenuation, in agreement with experiments. The theory thus offers insights on the nature of nonlinear elastic properties of a granular medium and potentially into phenomena such as triggering on earthquake faults.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[1]
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Univ. of Memphis, Memphis, TN (United States)
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1469541
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-17-26614
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9313
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-06NA25396
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 122; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9313
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; Earth Sciences; Material Science; granular materials; softening; wave motion; resonance; nonlinear elasticity failure
Citation Formats
Lieou, Charles Ka Cheong, Daub, Eric G., Guyer, Robert A., and Johnson, Paul Allen. Nonlinear softening of unconsolidated granular earth materials. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1002/2017JB014498.
Lieou, Charles Ka Cheong, Daub, Eric G., Guyer, Robert A., & Johnson, Paul Allen. Nonlinear softening of unconsolidated granular earth materials. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014498
Lieou, Charles Ka Cheong, Daub, Eric G., Guyer, Robert A., and Johnson, Paul Allen. Thu .
"Nonlinear softening of unconsolidated granular earth materials". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014498. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1469541.
@article{osti_1469541,
title = {Nonlinear softening of unconsolidated granular earth materials},
author = {Lieou, Charles Ka Cheong and Daub, Eric G. and Guyer, Robert A. and Johnson, Paul Allen},
abstractNote = {Unconsolidated granular earth materials exhibit softening behavior due to external perturbations such as seismic waves, namely, the wave speed and elastic modulus decrease upon increasing the strain amplitude above dynamics strains of about 10-6 under near-surface conditions. In this letter, we describe a theoretical model for such behavior. The model is based on the idea that shear transformation zones—clusters of grains that are loose and susceptible to contact changes, particle displacement, and rearrangement—are responsible for plastic deformation and softening of the material. We apply the theory to experiments on simulated fault gouge composed of glass beads and demonstrate that the theory predicts nonlinear resonance shifts, reduction of the P wave modulus, and attenuation, in agreement with experiments. The theory thus offers insights on the nature of nonlinear elastic properties of a granular medium and potentially into phenomena such as triggering on earthquake faults.},
doi = {10.1002/2017JB014498},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth},
number = 9,
volume = 122,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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