Slow dynamics and strength recovery in unconsolidated granular earth materials: a mechanistic theory
Abstract
Rock materials often display long-time relaxation, commonly termed aging or “slow dynamics”, after the cessation of acoustic perturbations. In this paper, we focus on unconsolidated rock materials and propose to explain such nonlinear relaxation through the Shear-Transformation-Zone (STZ) theory of granular media, adapted for small stresses and strains. The theory attributes the observed relaxation to the slow, irreversible change of positions of constituent grains, and posits that the aging process can be described in three stages: fast recovery before some characteristic time associated with the subset of local plastic events or grain rearrangements with a short time scale, log-linear recovery of the elastic modulus at intermediate times, and gradual turnover to equilibrium steady-state behavior at long times. Here we demonstrate good agreement with experiments on aging in granular materials such as simulated fault gouge after an external disturbance. These results may provide insights into observed modulus recovery after strong shaking in the near surface region of earthquake zones.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[1];
[1]
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Univ. of Memphis, Memphis, TN (United States). Center for Earthquake Research and Information
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1394978
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-17-24249
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9313
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-06NA25396
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 122; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9313
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; Earth Sciences; Material Science
Citation Formats
Lieou, Charles Ka Cheong, Daub, Eric G., Ecke, Robert E., and Johnson, Paul A. Slow dynamics and strength recovery in unconsolidated granular earth materials: a mechanistic theory. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1002/2017JB014131.
Lieou, Charles Ka Cheong, Daub, Eric G., Ecke, Robert E., & Johnson, Paul A. Slow dynamics and strength recovery in unconsolidated granular earth materials: a mechanistic theory. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014131
Lieou, Charles Ka Cheong, Daub, Eric G., Ecke, Robert E., and Johnson, Paul A. Fri .
"Slow dynamics and strength recovery in unconsolidated granular earth materials: a mechanistic theory". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014131. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1394978.
@article{osti_1394978,
title = {Slow dynamics and strength recovery in unconsolidated granular earth materials: a mechanistic theory},
author = {Lieou, Charles Ka Cheong and Daub, Eric G. and Ecke, Robert E. and Johnson, Paul A.},
abstractNote = {Rock materials often display long-time relaxation, commonly termed aging or “slow dynamics”, after the cessation of acoustic perturbations. In this paper, we focus on unconsolidated rock materials and propose to explain such nonlinear relaxation through the Shear-Transformation-Zone (STZ) theory of granular media, adapted for small stresses and strains. The theory attributes the observed relaxation to the slow, irreversible change of positions of constituent grains, and posits that the aging process can be described in three stages: fast recovery before some characteristic time associated with the subset of local plastic events or grain rearrangements with a short time scale, log-linear recovery of the elastic modulus at intermediate times, and gradual turnover to equilibrium steady-state behavior at long times. Here we demonstrate good agreement with experiments on aging in granular materials such as simulated fault gouge after an external disturbance. These results may provide insights into observed modulus recovery after strong shaking in the near surface region of earthquake zones.},
doi = {10.1002/2017JB014131},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth},
number = 10,
volume = 122,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Sep 08 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Fri Sep 08 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 12 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Time-lapse change in anisotropy in Japan's near surface after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake: S-WAVE SPLITTING CAUSED BY THE TOHOKU EQ
journal, June 2012
- Nakata, Nori; Snieder, Roel
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 11
Nonlinear dynamics, granular media and dynamic earthquake triggering
journal, October 2005
- Johnson, Paul A.; Jia, Xiaoping
- Nature, Vol. 437, Issue 7060
Universal Slow Dynamics in Granular Solids
journal, July 2000
- TenCate, James A.; Smith, Eric; Guyer, Robert A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 5
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics in sheared hard-sphere materials
journal, June 2012
- Lieou, Charles K. C.; Langer, J. S.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 85, Issue 6
Thermodynamic theory of dislocation-mediated plasticity
journal, June 2010
- Langer, J. S.; Bouchbinder, Eran; Lookman, Turab
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 58, Issue 10
Shear-transformation-zone theory of linear glassy dynamics
journal, June 2011
- Bouchbinder, Eran; Langer, J. S.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 83, Issue 6
A constitutive model for fault gouge deformation in dynamic rupture simulations
journal, January 2008
- Daub, Eric G.; Carlson, Jean M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue B12
A unified model of hysteresis and long-time relaxation in heterogeneous materials
journal, September 2014
- Lebedev, A. V.; Ostrovsky, L. A.
- Acoustical Physics, Vol. 60, Issue 5
Slow Dynamics of Earth Materials: An Experimental Overview
journal, March 2011
- TenCate, James A.
- Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 168, Issue 12
Microcontact-based theory for acoustics in microdamaged materials
journal, February 2007
- Aleshin, V.; Van Den Abeele, K.
- Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 55, Issue 2
Strain-induced kinetics of intergrain defects as the mechanism of slow dynamics in the nonlinear resonant response of humid sandstone bars
journal, July 2004
- Vakhnenko, Oleksiy O.; Vakhnenko, Vyacheslav O.; Shankland, Thomas J.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 70, Issue 1
Postseismic Relaxation Along the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield from Continuous Seismological Observations
journal, September 2008
- Brenguier, F.; Campillo, M.; Hadziioannou, C.
- Science, Vol. 321, Issue 5895
Stress induced conditioning and thermal relaxation in the simulation of quasi-static compression experiments
journal, January 2003
- Scalerandi, M.; Delsanto, P. P.; Johnson, P. A.
- Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 3
Slow dynamics and anomalous nonlinear fast dynamics in diverse solids
journal, January 2005
- Johnson, Paul; Sutin, Alexander
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 117, Issue 1
Shear-transformation-zone theory of viscosity, diffusion, and stretched exponential relaxation in amorphous solids
journal, May 2012
- Langer, J. S.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 85, Issue 5
Fast and slow nonlinear elastic response of disparate rocks and the influence of moisture
journal, October 2016
- Riviere, Jacques; Shokouhi, Parisa; Guyer, Robert A.
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 140, Issue 4
Equation of state and wave propagation in hysteretic nonlinear elastic materials
journal, December 1994
- McCall, K. R.; Guyer, R. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 99, Issue B12
Fault zone restrengthening and frictional healing: The role of pressure solution
journal, January 2005
- Yasuhara, Hideaki
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue B6
Mapping pressurized volcanic fluids from induced crustal seismic velocity drops
journal, July 2014
- Brenguier, F.; Campillo, M.; Takeda, T.
- Science, Vol. 345, Issue 6192
Nonlinear ground-motion amplification by sediments during the 1994 Northridge earthquake
journal, December 1997
- Field, Edward H.; Johnson, Paul A.; Beresnev, Igor A.
- Nature, Vol. 390, Issue 6660
Shear-transformation-zone theory of plastic deformation near the glass transition
journal, February 2008
- Langer, J. S.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 77, Issue 2
Hysteresis, Discrete Memory, and Nonlinear Wave Propagation in Rock: A New Paradigm
journal, April 1995
- Guyer, R. A.; McCall, K. R.; Boitnott, G. N.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 74, Issue 17
The time dependence of rock healing as a universal relaxation process, a tutorial
journal, October 2016
- Snieder, Roel; Sens-Schönfelder, Christoph; Wu, Renjie
- Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 208, Issue 1
Statistical thermodynamics of strain hardening in polycrystalline solids
journal, September 2015
- Langer, J. S.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 92, Issue 3
Shear flow of angular grains: Acoustic effects and nonmonotonic rate dependence of volume
journal, September 2014
- Lieou, Charles K. C.; Elbanna, Ahmed E.; Langer, J. S.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 90, Issue 3
Monitoring seismic velocity change caused by the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake using ambient noise records: VELOCITY CHANGE FROM THE AMBIENT NOISE
journal, May 2012
- Minato, Shohei; Tsuji, Takeshi; Ohmi, Shiro
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 9
Evolution of granular packings by nonlinear acoustic waves
journal, January 2013
- van den Wildenberg, S.; van Hecke, M.; Jia, X.
- EPL (Europhysics Letters), Vol. 101, Issue 1
Seismic Evidence for Rock Damage and Healing on the San Andreas Fault Associated with the 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield Earthquake
journal, September 2006
- Li, Y. -G.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 96, Issue 4B
Constraining depth range of S wave velocity decrease after large earthquakes near Parkfield, California : DEPTH RANGE OF
journal, June 2016
- Wu, Chunquan; Delorey, Andrew; Brenguier, Florent
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 12
Stick-slip instabilities in sheared granular flow: The role of friction and acoustic vibrations
journal, August 2015
- Lieou, Charles K. C.; Elbanna, Ahmed E.; Langer, J. S.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 92, Issue 2
Depth constraints on nonlinear strong ground motion from the 2004 Parkfield earthquake: DEPTH CONSTRAINTS ON NONLINEARITY
journal, July 2005
- Rubinstein, Justin L.; Beroza, Gregory C.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 14
Softening of stressed granular packings with resonant sound waves
journal, August 2015
- Reichhardt, C. J. Olson; Lopatina, L. M.; Jia, X.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 92, Issue 2
Nonlinear Mesoscopic Elasticity: The Complex Behaviour of Granular Media including Rocks and Soil
book, August 2009
- Guyer, Robert A.; Johnson, Paul A.
Direct observation of frictional contacts: New insights for state-dependent properties
journal, January 1994
- Dieterich, James H.; Kilgore, Brian D.
- Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, Vol. 143, Issue 1-3
Dynamics of viscoplastic deformation in amorphous solids
journal, June 1998
- Falk, M. L.; Langer, J. S.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 57, Issue 6
Deformation and Failure of Amorphous, Solidlike Materials
journal, March 2011
- Falk, Michael L.; Langer, J. S.
- Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Elastic weakening of a dense granular pack by acoustic fluidization: Slipping, compaction, and aging
journal, August 2011
- Jia, X.; Brunet, Th.; Laurent, J.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 84, Issue 2
Laboratory study of fault healing and lithification in simulated fault gouge under hydrothermal conditions
journal, August 1997
- Karner, Stephen L.; Marone, Chris; Evans, Brian
- Tectonophysics, Vol. 277, Issue 1-3
Slow relaxation in granular compaction
journal, November 1998
- Ben-Naim, E.; Knight, J. B.; Nowak, E. R.
- Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, Vol. 123, Issue 1-4
Dynamic induced softening in frictional granular materials investigated by discrete-element-method simulation
journal, December 2017
- Lemrich, Laure; Carmeliet, Jan; Johnson, Paul A.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 96, Issue 6
Works referencing / citing this record:
Including Plastic Strain Into the Discrete Preisach‐Mayergoyz Space: Application to Granular Media
journal, November 2019
- Sajeva, A.; Capaccioli, S.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 124, Issue 11
Experimental Evidence of Correlations Between Conditioning and Relaxation in Hysteretic Elastic Media
journal, October 2019
- Scalerandi, M.; Mechri, C.; Bentahar, M.
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 12, Issue 4