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Title: A compact linear accelerator based on a scalable microelectromechanical-system RF-structure

Abstract

Here, a new approach for a compact radio-frequency (RF) accelerator structure is presented. The new accelerator architecture is based on the Multiple Electrostatic Quadrupole Array Linear Accelerator (MEQALAC) structure that was first developed in the 1980s. The MEQALAC utilized RF resonators producing the accelerating fields and providing for higher beam currents through parallel beamlets focused using arrays of electrostatic quadrupoles (ESQs). While the early work obtained ESQs with lateral dimensions on the order of a few centimeters, using a printed circuit board (PCB), we reduce the characteristic dimension to the millimeter regime, while massively scaling up the potential number of parallel beamlets. Using Microelectromechanical systems scalable fabrication approaches, we are working on further red ucing the characteristic dimension to the sub-millimeter regime. The technology is based on RF-acceleration components and ESQs implemented in the PCB or silicon wafers where each beamlet passes through beam apertures in the wafer. The complete accelerator is then assembled by stacking these wafers. This approach has the potential for fast and inexpensive batch fabrication of the components and flexibility in system design for application specific beam energies and currents. For prototyping the accelerator architecture, the components have been fabricated using the PCB. In this paper,more » we present proof of concept results of the principal components using the PCB: RF acceleration and ESQ focusing. Finally, ongoing developments on implementing components in silicon and scaling of the accelerator technology to high currents and beam energies are discussed.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]
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  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). SonicMEMS Laboratory
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)
OSTI Identifier:
1436154
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1361922
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Review of Scientific Instruments
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 88; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION

Citation Formats

Persaud, A., Ji, Q., Feinberg, E., Seidl, P. A., Waldron, W. L., Schenkel, T., Lal, A., Vinayakumar, K. B., Ardanuc, S., and Hammer, D. A. A compact linear accelerator based on a scalable microelectromechanical-system RF-structure. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1063/1.4984969.
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Persaud, A., Ji, Q., Feinberg, E., Seidl, P. A., Waldron, W. L., Schenkel, T., Lal, A., Vinayakumar, K. B., Ardanuc, S., & Hammer, D. A. A compact linear accelerator based on a scalable microelectromechanical-system RF-structure. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984969
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Persaud, A., Ji, Q., Feinberg, E., Seidl, P. A., Waldron, W. L., Schenkel, T., Lal, A., Vinayakumar, K. B., Ardanuc, S., and Hammer, D. A. Thu . "A compact linear accelerator based on a scalable microelectromechanical-system RF-structure". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984969. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1436154.
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@article{osti_1436154,
title = {A compact linear accelerator based on a scalable microelectromechanical-system RF-structure},
author = {Persaud, A. and Ji, Q. and Feinberg, E. and Seidl, P. A. and Waldron, W. L. and Schenkel, T. and Lal, A. and Vinayakumar, K. B. and Ardanuc, S. and Hammer, D. A.},
abstractNote = {Here, a new approach for a compact radio-frequency (RF) accelerator structure is presented. The new accelerator architecture is based on the Multiple Electrostatic Quadrupole Array Linear Accelerator (MEQALAC) structure that was first developed in the 1980s. The MEQALAC utilized RF resonators producing the accelerating fields and providing for higher beam currents through parallel beamlets focused using arrays of electrostatic quadrupoles (ESQs). While the early work obtained ESQs with lateral dimensions on the order of a few centimeters, using a printed circuit board (PCB), we reduce the characteristic dimension to the millimeter regime, while massively scaling up the potential number of parallel beamlets. Using Microelectromechanical systems scalable fabrication approaches, we are working on further red ucing the characteristic dimension to the sub-millimeter regime. The technology is based on RF-acceleration components and ESQs implemented in the PCB or silicon wafers where each beamlet passes through beam apertures in the wafer. The complete accelerator is then assembled by stacking these wafers. This approach has the potential for fast and inexpensive batch fabrication of the components and flexibility in system design for application specific beam energies and currents. For prototyping the accelerator architecture, the components have been fabricated using the PCB. In this paper, we present proof of concept results of the principal components using the PCB: RF acceleration and ESQ focusing. Finally, ongoing developments on implementing components in silicon and scaling of the accelerator technology to high currents and beam energies are discussed.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4984969},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
number = 6,
volume = 88,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984969
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Cited by: 10 works
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1 FIG. 1: (a) RF-acceleration concept using four RF wafers shown for a single beamlet. The outside wafers are grounded and RF voltage is applied to the inner wafers, creating acceleration fields and a drift region. Particles can be accelerated twice, if the drift region length is chosen to match themore » ion velocity β and half the wavelength, λ, of the RF. (b) ESQ concept implemented in a single wafer for a single beamlet. The quadrupole length is defined by the side-wall coating as shown in the cut view.« less
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Retrospective of the ARPA-E ALPHA Fusion Program
    journal, October 2019

    Source-to-accelerator quadrupole matching section for a compact linear accelerator
    journal, May 2018

    • Seidl, P. A.; Persaud, A.; Ghiorso, W.
    • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5023415

    Demonstration of waferscale voltage amplifier and electrostatic quadrupole focusing array for compact linear accelerators
    journal, May 2019

    • Vinayakumar, K. B.; Ardanuc, S.; Ji, Q.
    • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 19
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5091979

    Retrospective of the ARPA-E ALPHA fusion program
    text, January 2019

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      FIG. 4 (p. 5)figure
      FIG. 5 (p. 5)figure
      TABLE I (p. 5)table
      FIG. 6 (p. 6)figure
      FIG. 7 (p. 6)figure
      FIG. 8 (p. 7)figure
      FIG. 9 (p. 7)figure
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