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Title: Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X-ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater)

Abstract

The Windjana drill sample, a sandstone of the Dillinger member (Kimberley formation, Gale Crater, Mars), was analyzed by CheMin X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the MSL Curiosity rover. From Rietveld refinements of its XRD pattern, Windjana contains the following: sanidine (21% weight, ~Or95); augite (20%); magnetite (12%); pigeonite; olivine; plagioclase; amorphous and smectitic material (~25%); and percent levels of others including ilmenite, fluorapatite, and bassanite. From mass balance on the Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) chemical analysis, the amorphous material is Fe rich with nearly no other cations—like ferrihydrite. The Windjana sample shows little alteration and was likely cemented by its magnetite and ferrihydrite. From ChemCam Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometer (LIBS) chemical analyses, Windjana is representative of the Dillinger and Mount Remarkable members of the Kimberley formation. LIBS data suggest that the Kimberley sediments include at least three chemical components. The most K-rich targets have 5.6% K2O, ~1.8 times that of Windjana, implying a sediment component with >40% sanidine, e.g., a trachyte. A second component is rich in mafic minerals, with little feldspar (like a shergottite). A third component is richer in plagioclase and in Na2O, and is likely to be basaltic. The K-rich sediment component is consistent with APXS and ChemCammore » observations of K-rich rocks elsewhere in Gale Crater. The source of this sediment component was likely volcanic. Finally, the presence of sediment from many igneous sources, in concert with Curiosity's identifications of other igneous materials (e.g., mugearite), implies that the northern rim of Gale Crater exposes a diverse igneous complex, at least as diverse as that found in similar-age terranes on Earth.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [5];  [7];  [8];  [6];  [7];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14]; ORCiD logo [15];  [16] more »;  [2];  [17];  [18];  [7];  [8];  [19];  [20];  [8];  [21];  [12];  [8];  [22];  [20];  [20] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Lunar and Planetary Inst., Houston, TX (United States)
  2. Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States). Dept. of Geological Sciences
  3. Planetary Science Inst., Tucson, AZ (United States)
  4. Chesapeake Energy Corporation, Oklahoma City, OK (United States)
  5. NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA (United States)
  6. NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX (United States). Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division
  7. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Dept. of Geosciences
  8. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences
  9. Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL (United States). Dept. of Geology
  10. Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States). Dept. of Geological Sciences
  11. Univ. of Guelf, Guelf, ON (Canada). Dept. of Physics
  12. Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB (Canada). Dept. of Earth Sciences
  13. Brock Univ., St. Catharines, ON (Canada). Dept. of Earth Sciences
  14. Unvi. de Nantes, Nantes (France). Laboratoire Planetologie et Geodynamique de Nantes (LPGN/CNRS)
  15. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  16. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  17. Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA (United States)
  18. Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States). School of Earth and Space Exploration
  19. Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Earth Science and Engineering
  20. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
  21. Western Washington Univ., Bellingham, WA (United States). Dept. of Earth Sciences
  22. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1412866
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-27709
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9097; TRN: US1800381
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 121; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9097
Publisher:
American Geophysical Union
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES; Planetary Sciences; Mars; CheMin; MSL; Windjana; sandstone; X-ray diffraction

Citation Formats

Treiman, Allan H., Bish, David L., Vaniman, David T., Chipera, Steve J., Blake, David F., Ming, Doug W., Morris, Richard V., Bristow, Thomas F., Morrison, Shaunna M., Baker, Michael B., Rampe, Elizabeth B., Downs, Robert T., Filiberto, Justin, Glazner, Allen F., Gellert, Ralf, Thompson, Lucy M., Schmidt, Mariek E., Le Deit, Laetitia, Wiens, Roger Craig, McAdam, Amy C., Achilles, Cherie N., Edgett, Kenneth S., Farmer, Jack D., Fendrich, Kim V., Grotzinger, John P., Gupta, Sanjeev, Morookian, John Michael, Newcombe, Megan E., Rice, Melissa S., Spray, John G., Stolper, Edward M., Sumner, Dawn Y., Vasavada, Ashwin R., and Yen, Albert S. Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X-ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater). United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1002/2015JE004932.
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Treiman, Allan H., Bish, David L., Vaniman, David T., Chipera, Steve J., Blake, David F., Ming, Doug W., Morris, Richard V., Bristow, Thomas F., Morrison, Shaunna M., Baker, Michael B., Rampe, Elizabeth B., Downs, Robert T., Filiberto, Justin, Glazner, Allen F., Gellert, Ralf, Thompson, Lucy M., Schmidt, Mariek E., Le Deit, Laetitia, Wiens, Roger Craig, McAdam, Amy C., Achilles, Cherie N., Edgett, Kenneth S., Farmer, Jack D., Fendrich, Kim V., Grotzinger, John P., Gupta, Sanjeev, Morookian, John Michael, Newcombe, Megan E., Rice, Melissa S., Spray, John G., Stolper, Edward M., Sumner, Dawn Y., Vasavada, Ashwin R., & Yen, Albert S. Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X-ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater). United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JE004932
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Treiman, Allan H., Bish, David L., Vaniman, David T., Chipera, Steve J., Blake, David F., Ming, Doug W., Morris, Richard V., Bristow, Thomas F., Morrison, Shaunna M., Baker, Michael B., Rampe, Elizabeth B., Downs, Robert T., Filiberto, Justin, Glazner, Allen F., Gellert, Ralf, Thompson, Lucy M., Schmidt, Mariek E., Le Deit, Laetitia, Wiens, Roger Craig, McAdam, Amy C., Achilles, Cherie N., Edgett, Kenneth S., Farmer, Jack D., Fendrich, Kim V., Grotzinger, John P., Gupta, Sanjeev, Morookian, John Michael, Newcombe, Megan E., Rice, Melissa S., Spray, John G., Stolper, Edward M., Sumner, Dawn Y., Vasavada, Ashwin R., and Yen, Albert S. Sun . "Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X-ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater)". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JE004932. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1412866.
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@article{osti_1412866,
title = {Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X-ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater)},
author = {Treiman, Allan H. and Bish, David L. and Vaniman, David T. and Chipera, Steve J. and Blake, David F. and Ming, Doug W. and Morris, Richard V. and Bristow, Thomas F. and Morrison, Shaunna M. and Baker, Michael B. and Rampe, Elizabeth B. and Downs, Robert T. and Filiberto, Justin and Glazner, Allen F. and Gellert, Ralf and Thompson, Lucy M. and Schmidt, Mariek E. and Le Deit, Laetitia and Wiens, Roger Craig and McAdam, Amy C. and Achilles, Cherie N. and Edgett, Kenneth S. and Farmer, Jack D. and Fendrich, Kim V. and Grotzinger, John P. and Gupta, Sanjeev and Morookian, John Michael and Newcombe, Megan E. and Rice, Melissa S. and Spray, John G. and Stolper, Edward M. and Sumner, Dawn Y. and Vasavada, Ashwin R. and Yen, Albert S.},
abstractNote = {The Windjana drill sample, a sandstone of the Dillinger member (Kimberley formation, Gale Crater, Mars), was analyzed by CheMin X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the MSL Curiosity rover. From Rietveld refinements of its XRD pattern, Windjana contains the following: sanidine (21% weight, ~Or95); augite (20%); magnetite (12%); pigeonite; olivine; plagioclase; amorphous and smectitic material (~25%); and percent levels of others including ilmenite, fluorapatite, and bassanite. From mass balance on the Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) chemical analysis, the amorphous material is Fe rich with nearly no other cations—like ferrihydrite. The Windjana sample shows little alteration and was likely cemented by its magnetite and ferrihydrite. From ChemCam Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometer (LIBS) chemical analyses, Windjana is representative of the Dillinger and Mount Remarkable members of the Kimberley formation. LIBS data suggest that the Kimberley sediments include at least three chemical components. The most K-rich targets have 5.6% K2O, ~1.8 times that of Windjana, implying a sediment component with >40% sanidine, e.g., a trachyte. A second component is rich in mafic minerals, with little feldspar (like a shergottite). A third component is richer in plagioclase and in Na2O, and is likely to be basaltic. The K-rich sediment component is consistent with APXS and ChemCam observations of K-rich rocks elsewhere in Gale Crater. The source of this sediment component was likely volcanic. Finally, the presence of sediment from many igneous sources, in concert with Curiosity's identifications of other igneous materials (e.g., mugearite), implies that the northern rim of Gale Crater exposes a diverse igneous complex, at least as diverse as that found in similar-age terranes on Earth.},
doi = {10.1002/2015JE004932},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets},
number = 1,
volume = 121,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Sun Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
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Crystallization experiments on a Gusev Adirondack basalt composition
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Deposition, exhumation, and paleoclimate of an ancient lake deposit, Gale crater, Mars
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Constraints on abundance, composition, and nature of X-ray amorphous components of soils and rocks at Gale crater, Mars: X-ray amorphous components at Gale
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Calibration of the Mars Science Laboratory Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
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Metasomatized Lithosphere and the Origin of Alkaline Lavas
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A Structural Model for Natural Siliceous Ferrihydrite
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Petrogenetic linkages among Martian basalts: Implications based on trace element chemistry of olivine
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A Study of Potash Fenitization around the Brent Crater, Ontario,—A Paleozoic Alkaline Complex
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K-Ca-Ar systematics of authigenic sanidine from Waukau, Wisconsin, and the diffusivity of argon
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Orbital detection and implications of akaganéite on Mars
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Chronology, chemistry, and origin of trachytes from Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii: HUALALAI VOLCANO TRACHYTES
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The occurrence of magnesioferrite-rich spinels in a trachyandesite from NE China
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Allophane detection on Mars with Thermal Emission Spectrometer data and implications for regional-scale chemical weathering processes
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The origin and implications of clay minerals from Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars
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Experimental melting of phlogopite-bearing mantle at 1 GPa: Implications for potassic magmatism
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Iron-rich alkaline magmatism in the Archean Wawa greenstone belts (Ontario, Canada)
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A thermodynamic model of Fe–Cr spinels
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Experimental stability of magnesium sulfate hydrates that may be present on Mars
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The Range of Spinel Compositions in Terrestrial Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks
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The Petrology and Geochemistry of St. Helena Alkali Basalts: Evaluation of the Oceanic Crust-recycling Model for HIMU OIB
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Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars
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