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Title: Cross-polar transport and scavenging of Siberian aerosols containing black carbon during the 2012 ACCESS summer campaign

Abstract

During the ACCESS airborne campaign in July 2012, extensive boreal forest fires resulted in significant aerosol transport to the Arctic. A 10-day episode combining intense biomass burning over Siberia and low-pressure systems over the Arctic Ocean resulted in efficient transport of plumes containing black carbon (BC) towards the Arctic, mostly in the upper troposphere (6–8 km). Here, a combination of in situ observations (DLR Falcon aircraft), satellite analysis and WRF-Chem simulations is used to understand the vertical and horizontal transport mechanisms of BC with a focus on the role of wet removal. Between the northwestern Norwegian coast and the Svalbard archipelago, the Falcon aircraft sampled plumes with enhanced CO concentrations up to 200 ppbv and BC mixing ratios up to 25 ng kg–1. During transport to the Arctic region, a large fraction of BC particles are scavenged by two wet deposition processes, namely wet removal by large-scale precipitation and removal in wet convective updrafts, with both processes contributing almost equally to the total accumulated deposition of BC. Our results underline that applying a finer horizontal resolution (40 instead of 100 km) improves the model performance, as it significantly reduces the overestimation of BC levels observed at a coarser resolution inmore » the mid-troposphere. According to the simulations at 40 km, the transport efficiency of BC (TEBC) in biomass burning plumes was larger (60 %), because it was impacted by small accumulated precipitation along trajectory (1 mm). In contrast TEBC was small (< 30 %) and accumulated precipitation amounts were larger (5–10 mm) in plumes influenced by urban anthropogenic sources and flaring activities in northern Russia, resulting in transport to lower altitudes. TEBC due to large-scale precipitation is responsible for a sharp meridional gradient in the distribution of BC concentrations. Wet removal in cumulus clouds is the cause of modeled vertical gradient of TEBC, especially in the mid-latitudes, reflecting the distribution of convective precipitation, but is dominated in the Arctic region by the large-scale wet removal associated with the formation of stratocumulus clouds in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that produce frequent drizzle.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [1]; ORCiD logo [4];  [1]; ORCiD logo [3];  [5];  [3];  [4];  [1];  [1];  [5]
  1. Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France)
  2. Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France); Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo (Norway)
  3. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  4. Institut fur Physik der Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany); Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ., Munich (Germany); Univ. of Vienna, Vienna (Austria)
  5. Institut fur Physik der Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE; European Union (EU)
OSTI Identifier:
1393750
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-125182
Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324; KP1701000
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830; VH-NG-606
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 17; Journal Issue: 18; Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
Publisher:
European Geosciences Union
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Raut, Jean -Christophe, Marelle, Louis, Fast, Jerome D., Thomas, Jennie L., Weinzierl, Bernadett, Law, Katharine S., Berg, Larry K., Roiger, Anke, Easter, Richard C., Heimerl, Katharina, Onishi, Tatsuo, Delanoe, Julien, and Schlager, Hans. Cross-polar transport and scavenging of Siberian aerosols containing black carbon during the 2012 ACCESS summer campaign. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.5194/acp-17-10969-2017.
Raut, Jean -Christophe, Marelle, Louis, Fast, Jerome D., Thomas, Jennie L., Weinzierl, Bernadett, Law, Katharine S., Berg, Larry K., Roiger, Anke, Easter, Richard C., Heimerl, Katharina, Onishi, Tatsuo, Delanoe, Julien, & Schlager, Hans. Cross-polar transport and scavenging of Siberian aerosols containing black carbon during the 2012 ACCESS summer campaign. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10969-2017
Raut, Jean -Christophe, Marelle, Louis, Fast, Jerome D., Thomas, Jennie L., Weinzierl, Bernadett, Law, Katharine S., Berg, Larry K., Roiger, Anke, Easter, Richard C., Heimerl, Katharina, Onishi, Tatsuo, Delanoe, Julien, and Schlager, Hans. Fri . "Cross-polar transport and scavenging of Siberian aerosols containing black carbon during the 2012 ACCESS summer campaign". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10969-2017. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1393750.
@article{osti_1393750,
title = {Cross-polar transport and scavenging of Siberian aerosols containing black carbon during the 2012 ACCESS summer campaign},
author = {Raut, Jean -Christophe and Marelle, Louis and Fast, Jerome D. and Thomas, Jennie L. and Weinzierl, Bernadett and Law, Katharine S. and Berg, Larry K. and Roiger, Anke and Easter, Richard C. and Heimerl, Katharina and Onishi, Tatsuo and Delanoe, Julien and Schlager, Hans},
abstractNote = {During the ACCESS airborne campaign in July 2012, extensive boreal forest fires resulted in significant aerosol transport to the Arctic. A 10-day episode combining intense biomass burning over Siberia and low-pressure systems over the Arctic Ocean resulted in efficient transport of plumes containing black carbon (BC) towards the Arctic, mostly in the upper troposphere (6–8 km). Here, a combination of in situ observations (DLR Falcon aircraft), satellite analysis and WRF-Chem simulations is used to understand the vertical and horizontal transport mechanisms of BC with a focus on the role of wet removal. Between the northwestern Norwegian coast and the Svalbard archipelago, the Falcon aircraft sampled plumes with enhanced CO concentrations up to 200 ppbv and BC mixing ratios up to 25 ng kg–1. During transport to the Arctic region, a large fraction of BC particles are scavenged by two wet deposition processes, namely wet removal by large-scale precipitation and removal in wet convective updrafts, with both processes contributing almost equally to the total accumulated deposition of BC. Our results underline that applying a finer horizontal resolution (40 instead of 100 km) improves the model performance, as it significantly reduces the overestimation of BC levels observed at a coarser resolution in the mid-troposphere. According to the simulations at 40 km, the transport efficiency of BC (TEBC) in biomass burning plumes was larger (60 %), because it was impacted by small accumulated precipitation along trajectory (1 mm). In contrast TEBC was small (< 30 %) and accumulated precipitation amounts were larger (5–10 mm) in plumes influenced by urban anthropogenic sources and flaring activities in northern Russia, resulting in transport to lower altitudes. TEBC due to large-scale precipitation is responsible for a sharp meridional gradient in the distribution of BC concentrations. Wet removal in cumulus clouds is the cause of modeled vertical gradient of TEBC, especially in the mid-latitudes, reflecting the distribution of convective precipitation, but is dominated in the Arctic region by the large-scale wet removal associated with the formation of stratocumulus clouds in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that produce frequent drizzle.},
doi = {10.5194/acp-17-10969-2017},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)},
number = 18,
volume = 17,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Fri Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 104, Issue D23
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Effects of Arctic haze on surface cloud radiative forcing: Arctic Haze Effect on Surface CRF
journal, January 2015

  • Zhao, Chuanfeng; Garrett, Timothy J.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1002/2014GL062015

Global-scale seasonally resolved black carbon vertical profiles over the Pacific: GLOBAL-SCALE BC PROFILES
journal, October 2013

  • Schwarz, J. P.; Samset, B. H.; Perring, A. E.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 20
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Method to measure refractive indices of small nonspherical particles: Application to black carbon particles
journal, May 2010


Modeling of carbonaceous particles emitted by boreal and temperate wildfires at northern latitudes
journal, November 2000

  • Lavoué, David; Liousse, Catherine; Cachier, Hélène
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 105, Issue D22
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A climatologically significant aerosol longwave indirect effect in the Arctic
journal, January 2006


Climate response to regional radiative forcing during the twentieth century
journal, March 2009

  • Shindell, Drew; Faluvegi, Greg
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 2, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo473

Transient Responses of a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model to Gradual Changes of Atmospheric CO2. Part II: Seasonal Response
journal, February 1992


Quantifying Emerging Local Anthropogenic Emissions in the Arctic Region: The ACCESS Aircraft Campaign Experiment
journal, June 2016


Sources of uncertainties in modelling black carbon at the global scale
journal, January 2010


Episodes of cross-polar transport in the Arctic troposphere during July 2008 as seen from models, satellite, and aircraft observations
journal, January 2011

  • Sodemann, H.; Pommier, M.; Arnold, S. R.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-3631-2011

Observations of ice nuclei and heterogeneous freezing in a Western Pacific extratropical storm
journal, January 2011

  • Stith, J. L.; Twohy, C. H.; DeMott, P. J.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-6229-2011

The scavenging processes controlling the seasonal cycle in Arctic sulphate and black carbon aerosol
journal, January 2012

  • Browse, J.; Carslaw, K. S.; Arnold, S. R.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-6775-2012

Evaluation of preindustrial to present-day black carbon and its albedo forcing from Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)
journal, January 2013

  • Lee, Y. H.; Lamarque, J. -F.; Flanner, M. G.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-2607-2013

Multi-model study of chemical and physical controls on transport of anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution to the Arctic
journal, January 2015

  • Monks, S. A.; Arnold, S. R.; Emmons, L. K.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 6
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Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature)
journal, January 2006

  • Guenther, A.; Karl, T.; Harley, P.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006

Including the sub-grid scale plume rise of vegetation fires in low resolution atmospheric transport models
journal, January 2007

  • Freitas, S. R.; Longo, K. M.; Chatfield, R.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 13
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A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic
journal, January 2008

  • Shindell, D. T.; Chin, M.; Dentener, F.
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  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-5353-2008

Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models
journal, January 2009


Wildfire smoke in the Siberian Arctic in summer: source characterization and plume evolution from airborne measurements
journal, January 2009

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  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 23
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Single Particle Soot Photometer intercomparison at the AIDA chamber
journal, January 2012

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  • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 5, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.5194/amt-5-3077-2012

Works referencing / citing this record:

Accuracy of current Arctic springtime water vapour estimates, assessed by Raman lidar
journal, March 2019

  • Totems, Julien; Chazette, Patrick; Raut, Jean‐Christophe
  • Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 145, Issue 720
  • DOI: 10.1002/qj.3492

Local Arctic air pollution: Sources and impacts
journal, October 2017


Observations and Cloud‐Resolving Modeling of Haboob Dust Storms Over the Arabian Peninsula
journal, November 2018

  • Anisimov, Anatolii; Axisa, Duncan; Kucera, Paul A.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1029/2018jd028486

Physical and chemical characterization of aerosol in fresh and aged emissions from open combustion of biomass fuels
journal, September 2018


Results of the Study of Aerosol Characteristics in the Atmosphere of the Kara and Barents Seas in Summer and Autumn 2016
journal, September 2018

  • Terpugova, S. A.; Zenkova, P. N.; Kabanov, D. M.
  • Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics, Vol. 31, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1134/s1024856018050172

Springtime aerosol load as observed from ground-based and airborne lidars over northern Norway
journal, January 2018

  • Chazette, Patrick; Raut, Jean-Christophe; Totems, Julien
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-13075-2018

High Arctic aircraft measurements characterising black carbon vertical variability in spring and summer
journal, January 2019

  • Schulz, Hannes; Zanatta, Marco; Bozem, Heiko
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-2361-2019

Aerosol monitoring in Siberia using an 808 nm automatic compact lidar
journal, January 2019

  • Ancellet, Gerard; Penner, Iogannes E.; Pelon, Jacques
  • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-147-2019

Improvements to the WRF-Chem 3.5.1 model for quasi-hemispheric simulations of aerosols and ozone in the Arctic
journal, January 2017

  • Marelle, Louis; Raut, Jean-Christophe; Law, Kathy S.
  • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 10, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-10-3661-2017

Local Arctic air pollution: Sources and impacts
journal, October 2017


Aerosol monitoring in Siberia using an 808 nm automatic compact lidar
journal, January 2019

  • Ancellet, Gerard; Penner, Iogannes E.; Pelon, Jacques
  • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-147-2019

Global aerosol simulations using NICAM.16 on a 14 km grid spacing for a climate study: improved and remaining issues relative to a lower-resolution model
journal, August 2020

  • Goto, Daisuke; Sato, Yousuke; Yashiro, Hisashi
  • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 13, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-13-3731-2020

A new parameterization of ice heterogeneous nucleation coupled to aerosol chemistry in WRF-Chem model version 3.5.1: evaluation through ISDAC measurements
journal, November 2020

  • Keita, Setigui Aboubacar; Girard, Eric; Raut, Jean-Christophe
  • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 13, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-13-5737-2020