TiN coated aluminum electrodes for DC high voltage electron guns

Mamun, Md Abdullah A.; Elmustafa, Abdelmageed A.; Taus, Rhys; Forman, Eric; Poelker, Matthew

doi:10.1116/1.4916574

Title: TiN coated aluminum electrodes for DC high voltage electron guns

Abstract

Preparing electrodes made of metals like stainless steel, for use inside DC high voltage electron guns, is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. In this paper, the authors report the exceptional high voltage performance of aluminum electrodes coated with hard titanium nitride (TiN). The aluminum electrodes were comparatively easy to manufacture and required only hours of mechanical polishing using silicon carbide paper, prior to coating with TiN by a commercial vendor. The high voltage performance of three TiN-coated aluminum electrodes, before and after gas conditioning with helium, was compared to that of bare aluminum electrodes, and electrodes manufactured from titanium alloy (Ti-6AI-4V). Following gas conditioning, each TiN-coated aluminum electrode reached -225 kV bias voltage while generating less than 100 pA of field emission (<10 pA) using a 40 mm cathode/anode gap, corresponding to field strength of 13.7 MV/m. Smaller gaps were studied to evaluate electrode performance at higher field strength with the best performing TiN-coated aluminum electrode reaching ~22.5 MV/m with field emission less than 100 pA. These results were comparable to those obtained from our best-performing electrodes manufactured from stainless steel, titanium alloy and niobium, as reported in references cited below. The TiN coating provided a very smooth surface andmore »« less

Authors:

Mamun, Md Abdullah A. ^[1]; Elmustafa, Abdelmageed A. ^[1]; Taus, Rhys ^[2]; Forman, Eric ^[3]; Poelker, Matthew ^[3]

Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA (United States)
Loyola Marymount, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1190823

Report Number(s):: JLAB-ACC-15-2090; DOE/OR/23177-3439
Journal ID: ISSN 0734-2101; JVTAD6

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 33; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0734-2101

Publisher:: American Vacuum Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; aluminum; field emission; cathodes; anodes; hardness

Citation Formats


                    Mamun, Md Abdullah A., Elmustafa, Abdelmageed A., Taus, Rhys, Forman, Eric, and Poelker, Matthew. TiN coated aluminum electrodes for DC high voltage electron guns.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1116/1.4916574.

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                    Mamun, Md Abdullah A., Elmustafa, Abdelmageed A., Taus, Rhys, Forman, Eric, & Poelker, Matthew. TiN coated aluminum electrodes for DC high voltage electron guns.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4916574

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                    Mamun, Md Abdullah A., Elmustafa, Abdelmageed A., Taus, Rhys, Forman, Eric, and Poelker, Matthew. Fri .  
"TiN coated aluminum electrodes for DC high voltage electron guns".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4916574.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1190823.

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@article{osti_1190823,

  title        = {TiN coated aluminum electrodes for DC high voltage electron guns},

  author       = {Mamun, Md Abdullah A. and Elmustafa, Abdelmageed A. and Taus, Rhys and Forman, Eric and Poelker, Matthew},

  abstractNote = {Preparing electrodes made of metals like stainless steel, for use inside DC high voltage electron guns, is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. In this paper, the authors report the exceptional high voltage performance of aluminum electrodes coated with hard titanium nitride (TiN). The aluminum electrodes were comparatively easy to manufacture and required only hours of mechanical polishing using silicon carbide paper, prior to coating with TiN by a commercial vendor. The high voltage performance of three TiN-coated aluminum electrodes, before and after gas conditioning with helium, was compared to that of bare aluminum electrodes, and electrodes manufactured from titanium alloy (Ti-6AI-4V). Following gas conditioning, each TiN-coated aluminum electrode reached -225 kV bias voltage while generating less than 100 pA of field emission (<10 pA) using a 40 mm cathode/anode gap, corresponding to field strength of 13.7 MV/m. Smaller gaps were studied to evaluate electrode performance at higher field strength with the best performing TiN-coated aluminum electrode reaching ~22.5 MV/m with field emission less than 100 pA. These results were comparable to those obtained from our best-performing electrodes manufactured from stainless steel, titanium alloy and niobium, as reported in references cited below. The TiN coating provided a very smooth surface and with mechanical properties of the coating (hardness and modulus) superior to those of stainless steel, titanium-alloy, and niobium electrodes. These features likely contributed to the improved high voltage performance of the TiN-coated aluminum electrodes.},

  doi          = {10.1116/1.4916574},

  journal      = {Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 33,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

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Hua, Guomin; Li, Dongyang
physica status solidi (b), Vol. 249, Issue 8
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Electrostatic deflector studies using small-scale prototype electrodes
journal, April 2019

Grigoryev, K.; Rathmann, F.; Stahl, A.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1063/1.5086862

Electrostatic deflector studies using small prototypes
text, January 2018

Grigoryev, K.; Rathmann, F.; Stahl, A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1812.07954

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Title: TiN coated aluminum electrodes for DC high voltage electron guns

Abstract

Citation Formats

Conditioning of a vacuum gap by sparks and ion bombardment journal, September 1972

Initiation of electrical breakdown in vacuum journal, April 1973

The work function of the elements and its periodicity journal, November 1977

Beneficial effects of yttrium on mechanical failure and chemical stability of the passive film in 6061 aluminum alloy journal, March 2010

Variable work function in MOS capacitors utilizing nitrogen-controlled TiNx gate electrodes journal, November 2004

Electrical Properties of Titanium Nitride Thin Films Deposited by Reactive Sputtering journal, January 1981

Design, conditioning, and performance of a high voltage, high brightness dc photoelectron gun with variable gap journal, September 2014

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Continuous Stiffness Measurement During Instrumented Indentation Testing journal, January 2010

The correlation between the electron work function and yield strength of metals journal, April 2012

Electrostatic deflector studies using small-scale prototype electrodes journal, April 2019

Electrostatic deflector studies using small prototypes text, January 2018

Conditioning of a vacuum gap by sparks and ion bombardment
journal, September 1972

Initiation of electrical breakdown in vacuum
journal, April 1973

The work function of the elements and its periodicity
journal, November 1977

Beneficial effects of yttrium on mechanical failure and chemical stability of the passive film in 6061 aluminum alloy
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Variable work function in MOS capacitors utilizing nitrogen-controlled TiNx gate electrodes
journal, November 2004

Electrical Properties of Titanium Nitride Thin Films Deposited by Reactive Sputtering
journal, January 1981

Design, conditioning, and performance of a high voltage, high brightness dc photoelectron gun with variable gap
journal, September 2014

Improving the performance of stainless-steel DC high voltage photoelectron gun cathode electrodes via gas conditioning with helium or krypton
journal, October 2014

Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology
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