Building Semipermeable Films One Monomer at a Time: Structural Advantages via Molecular Layer Deposition vs Interfacial Polymerization
Abstract
Molecular layer deposition (MLD) provides the opportunity to perform condensation polymerization one vaporized monomer at a time for the creation of precise, selective nanofilms for desalination membranes. Here, we compare the structure, chemistry, and morphology of two types of commercial interfacial polymerzation (IP) membranes with lab-made MLD films. M-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) produced a cross-linked, aromatic polyamide often used in reverse osmosis membranes at MLD growth rates of 2.9 Å/cycle at 115 °C. Likewise, piperazine (PIP) and TMC formed polypiperazine amide, a common selective layer in nanofiltration membranes, with MLD growth rates of 1.5 Å/cycle at 115 °C. Ellipsometry and Xray reflectivity results suggest that the surface of the MLD films is comprised of polymer segments roughly two monomers in length, which are connected at one end to the cross-linked bulk layer. As a result of this structure as well as the triple-functionality of TMC, MPD-TMC had a temperature window of stable growth rate from 115 to 150 °C, which is unlike any non-cross-linked MLD chemistries reported in the literature. Compared to IP films, corresponding MLD films were denser and morphologically conformal, which suggests a reduction in void volumes; this explains the high degree of salt rejection andmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[2];
[4];
[2];
[2]
- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa (Israel)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program
- OSTI Identifier:
- 2282921
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 2305281
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704; AC02-06CH11357; EE0005771; DGE 2040434
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Chemistry of Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Chemistry of Materials Journal Volume: 36 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Amides; Membranes; Organic polymers; Precursors; Thin films
Citation Formats
Welch, Brian C., Antonio, Emma N., Chaney, Thomas P., McIntee, Olivia M., Strzalka, Joseph, Bright, Victor M., Greenberg, Alan R., Segal-Peretz, Tamar, Toney, Michael, and George, Steven M. Building Semipermeable Films One Monomer at a Time: Structural Advantages via Molecular Layer Deposition vs Interfacial Polymerization. United States: N. p., 2024.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02519.
Welch, Brian C., Antonio, Emma N., Chaney, Thomas P., McIntee, Olivia M., Strzalka, Joseph, Bright, Victor M., Greenberg, Alan R., Segal-Peretz, Tamar, Toney, Michael, & George, Steven M. Building Semipermeable Films One Monomer at a Time: Structural Advantages via Molecular Layer Deposition vs Interfacial Polymerization. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02519
Welch, Brian C., Antonio, Emma N., Chaney, Thomas P., McIntee, Olivia M., Strzalka, Joseph, Bright, Victor M., Greenberg, Alan R., Segal-Peretz, Tamar, Toney, Michael, and George, Steven M. Thu .
"Building Semipermeable Films One Monomer at a Time: Structural Advantages via Molecular Layer Deposition vs Interfacial Polymerization". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02519.
@article{osti_2282921,
title = {Building Semipermeable Films One Monomer at a Time: Structural Advantages via Molecular Layer Deposition vs Interfacial Polymerization},
author = {Welch, Brian C. and Antonio, Emma N. and Chaney, Thomas P. and McIntee, Olivia M. and Strzalka, Joseph and Bright, Victor M. and Greenberg, Alan R. and Segal-Peretz, Tamar and Toney, Michael and George, Steven M.},
abstractNote = {Molecular layer deposition (MLD) provides the opportunity to perform condensation polymerization one vaporized monomer at a time for the creation of precise, selective nanofilms for desalination membranes. Here, we compare the structure, chemistry, and morphology of two types of commercial interfacial polymerzation (IP) membranes with lab-made MLD films. M-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) produced a cross-linked, aromatic polyamide often used in reverse osmosis membranes at MLD growth rates of 2.9 Å/cycle at 115 °C. Likewise, piperazine (PIP) and TMC formed polypiperazine amide, a common selective layer in nanofiltration membranes, with MLD growth rates of 1.5 Å/cycle at 115 °C. Ellipsometry and Xray reflectivity results suggest that the surface of the MLD films is comprised of polymer segments roughly two monomers in length, which are connected at one end to the cross-linked bulk layer. As a result of this structure as well as the triple-functionality of TMC, MPD-TMC had a temperature window of stable growth rate from 115 to 150 °C, which is unlike any non-cross-linked MLD chemistries reported in the literature. Compared to IP films, corresponding MLD films were denser and morphologically conformal, which suggests a reduction in void volumes; this explains the high degree of salt rejection and reduced flux previously observed for exceptionally thin MPD-TMC MLD membranes. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, MLD PIP-TMC films evidenced a completely cross-linked internal structure, which lacked amine and carboxyl groups, pointing to a hydrophobic bulk structure, ideal for optimized water flux. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering showed broad features in each polyamide with d-spacings of 5.0 Å in PIP-TMC compared to that of 3.8 Å in MPD-TMC. While MLD and IP films were structurally identical to PIP-TMC, MPD-TMC IP films had a structure that may have been altered by post-treatment compared to MLD films. These results provide foundational insights into the MLD process, structure–performance relationships, and membrane fabrication.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02519},
journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
number = 3,
volume = 36,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jan 18 00:00:00 EST 2024},
month = {Thu Jan 18 00:00:00 EST 2024}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02519
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