Modular chip-integrated photonic control of artificial atoms in diamond waveguides
Abstract
A central goal in creating long-distance quantum networks and distributed quantum computing is the development of interconnected and individually controlled qubit nodes. Atom-like emitters in diamond have emerged as a leading system for optically networked quantum memories, motivating the development of visible-spectrum, multi-channel photonic integrated circuit (PIC) systems for scalable atom control. However, it has remained an open challenge to realize optical programmability with a qubit layer that can achieve high optical detection probability over many optical channels. Here, we address this problem by introducing a modular architecture of piezoelectrically actuated atom-control PICs (APICs) and artificial atoms embedded in diamond nanostructures designed for high-efficiency free-space collection. The high-speed four-channel APIC is based on a splitting tree mesh with triple-phase shifter Mach–Zehnder interferometers. This design simultaneously achieves optically broadband operation at visible wavelengths, high-fidelity switching (>40dB) at low voltages, submicrosecond modulation timescales (>30MHz), and minimal channel-to-channel crosstalk for repeatable optical pulse carving. Via a reconfigurable free-space interconnect, we use the APIC to address single silicon vacancy color centers in individual diamond waveguides with inverse tapered couplers, achieving efficient single photon detection probabilities (∼15%) and second-order autocorrelation measurements g (2) (0)<0.14 for all channels. The modularity of this distributed APIC–quantum memory systemmore »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); The MITRE Corporation; National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1974272
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1986313
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-224541-2023-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2334-2536
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Optica
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Optica Journal Volume: 10 Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2334-2536
- Publisher:
- Optical Society of America
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
Citation Formats
Palm, Kevin J., Dong, Mark, Golter, D. Andrew, Clark, Genevieve, Zimmermann, Matthew, Chen, Kevin C., Li, Linsen, Menssen, Adrian, Leenheer, Andrew J., Dominguez, Daniel, Gilbert, Gerald, Eichenfield, Matt, and Englund, Dirk. Modular chip-integrated photonic control of artificial atoms in diamond waveguides. United States: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1364/OPTICA.486361.
Palm, Kevin J., Dong, Mark, Golter, D. Andrew, Clark, Genevieve, Zimmermann, Matthew, Chen, Kevin C., Li, Linsen, Menssen, Adrian, Leenheer, Andrew J., Dominguez, Daniel, Gilbert, Gerald, Eichenfield, Matt, & Englund, Dirk. Modular chip-integrated photonic control of artificial atoms in diamond waveguides. United States. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.486361
Palm, Kevin J., Dong, Mark, Golter, D. Andrew, Clark, Genevieve, Zimmermann, Matthew, Chen, Kevin C., Li, Linsen, Menssen, Adrian, Leenheer, Andrew J., Dominguez, Daniel, Gilbert, Gerald, Eichenfield, Matt, and Englund, Dirk. Thu .
"Modular chip-integrated photonic control of artificial atoms in diamond waveguides". United States. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.486361.
@article{osti_1974272,
title = {Modular chip-integrated photonic control of artificial atoms in diamond waveguides},
author = {Palm, Kevin J. and Dong, Mark and Golter, D. Andrew and Clark, Genevieve and Zimmermann, Matthew and Chen, Kevin C. and Li, Linsen and Menssen, Adrian and Leenheer, Andrew J. and Dominguez, Daniel and Gilbert, Gerald and Eichenfield, Matt and Englund, Dirk},
abstractNote = {A central goal in creating long-distance quantum networks and distributed quantum computing is the development of interconnected and individually controlled qubit nodes. Atom-like emitters in diamond have emerged as a leading system for optically networked quantum memories, motivating the development of visible-spectrum, multi-channel photonic integrated circuit (PIC) systems for scalable atom control. However, it has remained an open challenge to realize optical programmability with a qubit layer that can achieve high optical detection probability over many optical channels. Here, we address this problem by introducing a modular architecture of piezoelectrically actuated atom-control PICs (APICs) and artificial atoms embedded in diamond nanostructures designed for high-efficiency free-space collection. The high-speed four-channel APIC is based on a splitting tree mesh with triple-phase shifter Mach–Zehnder interferometers. This design simultaneously achieves optically broadband operation at visible wavelengths, high-fidelity switching (>40dB) at low voltages, submicrosecond modulation timescales (>30MHz), and minimal channel-to-channel crosstalk for repeatable optical pulse carving. Via a reconfigurable free-space interconnect, we use the APIC to address single silicon vacancy color centers in individual diamond waveguides with inverse tapered couplers, achieving efficient single photon detection probabilities (∼15%) and second-order autocorrelation measurements g (2) (0)<0.14 for all channels. The modularity of this distributed APIC–quantum memory system simplifies the quantum control problem, potentially enabling further scaling to thousands of channels.},
doi = {10.1364/OPTICA.486361},
journal = {Optica},
number = 5,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu May 18 00:00:00 EDT 2023},
month = {Thu May 18 00:00:00 EDT 2023}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.486361
https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.486361
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Optimal pulse design in quantum control: A unified computational method
journal, January 2011
- Li, Jr-Shin; Ruths, Justin; Yu, Tsyr-Yan
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 5
Strain engineering of the silicon-vacancy center in diamond
journal, May 2018
- Meesala, Srujan; Sohn, Young-Ik; Pingault, Benjamin
- Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 20
Deterministic Coupling of a Single Silicon-Vacancy Color Center to a Photonic Crystal Cavity in Diamond
journal, August 2014
- Riedrich-Möller, Janine; Arend, Carsten; Pauly, Christoph
- Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 9
Piezoelectric control of spin quantum memories in a cryogenic programmable photonic circuit platform
conference, January 2022
- Clark, Genevieve; Koppa, Matthew; Chen, Kevin
- Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
An integrated diamond nanophotonics platform for quantum-optical networks
journal, October 2016
- Sipahigil, A.; Evans, R. E.; Sukachev, D. D.
- Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6314
Large-scale integration of artificial atoms in hybrid photonic circuits
journal, July 2020
- Wan, Noel H.; Lu, Tsung-Ju; Chen, Kevin C.
- Nature, Vol. 583, Issue 7815
Perfect optics with imperfect components
journal, January 2015
- Miller, David A. B.
- Optica, Vol. 2, Issue 8
Multi-qubit entanglement and algorithms on a neutral-atom quantum computer
journal, April 2022
- Graham, T. M.; Song, Y.; Scott, J.
- Nature, Vol. 604, Issue 7906
Multiple intrinsically identical single-photon emitters in the solid state
journal, August 2014
- Rogers, L. J.; Jahnke, K. D.; Teraji, T.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Quantum phases of matter on a 256-atom programmable quantum simulator
journal, July 2021
- Ebadi, Sepehr; Wang, Tout T.; Levine, Harry
- Nature, Vol. 595, Issue 7866
Complete coherent control of silicon vacancies in diamond nanopillars containing single defect centers
journal, January 2017
- Zhang, Jingyuan Linda; Lagoudakis, Konstantinos G.; Tzeng, Yan-Kai
- Optica, Vol. 4, Issue 11
Indistinguishable Photons from Separated Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
journal, September 2014
- Sipahigil, A.; Jahnke, K. D.; Rogers, L. J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 11
Integrated optical multi-ion quantum logic
journal, October 2020
- Mehta, Karan K.; Zhang, Chi; Malinowski, Maciej
- Nature, Vol. 586, Issue 7830
Piezo-optomechanical cantilever modulators for VLSI visible photonics
journal, May 2022
- Dong, Mark; Heim, David; Witte, Alex
- APL Photonics, Vol. 7, Issue 5
Quantum Control of the Tin-Vacancy Spin Qubit in Diamond
journal, November 2021
- Debroux, Romain; Michaels, Cathryn P.; Purser, Carola M.
- Physical Review X, Vol. 11, Issue 4
Strongly Cavity-Enhanced Spontaneous Emission from Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
journal, January 2018
- Zhang, Jingyuan Linda; Sun, Shuo; Burek, Michael J.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Ultra-low-loss integrated visible photonics using thin-film lithium niobate
journal, January 2019
- Desiatov, Boris; Shams-Ansari, Amirhassan; Zhang, Mian
- Optica, Vol. 6, Issue 3
Ultrabright and efficient single-photon generation based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in nanodiamonds on a solid immersion lens
journal, May 2011
- Schröder, Tim; Gädeke, Friedemann; Banholzer, Moritz Julian
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 5
Quantum Register Based on Individual Electronic and Nuclear Spin Qubits in Diamond
journal, June 2007
- Dutt, M. V. G.; Childress, L.; Jiang, L.
- Science, Vol. 316, Issue 5829
Silicon-Vacancy Spin Qubit in Diamond: A Quantum Memory Exceeding 10 ms with Single-Shot State Readout
journal, November 2017
- Sukachev, D. D.; Sipahigil, A.; Nguyen, C. T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 22
Photophysics of single silicon vacancy centers in diamond: implications for single photon emission
journal, January 2012
- Neu, Elke; Agio, Mario; Becher, Christoph
- Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 18
Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres
journal, October 2015
- Hensen, B.; Bernien, H.; Dréau, A. E.
- Nature, Vol. 526, Issue 7575
Observation of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Silicon Nitride Integrated Waveguides
journal, January 2020
- Gyger, Flavien; Liu, Junqiu; Yang, Fan
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 1
Demonstration of the trapped-ion quantum CCD computer architecture
journal, April 2021
- Pino, J. M.; Dreiling, J. M.; Figgatt, C.
- Nature, Vol. 592, Issue 7853
An integrated photonic engine for programmable atomic control
preprint, January 2022
- Christen, Ian; Sutula, Madison; Propson, Thomas
- arXiv
A Ten-Qubit Solid-State Spin Register with Quantum Memory up to One Minute
journal, September 2019
- Bradley, C. E.; Randall, J.; Abobeih, M. H.
- Physical Review X, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Long lifetimes and effective isolation of ions in optical and electrostatic traps
journal, October 2017
- Lambrecht, Alexander; Schmidt, Julian; Weckesser, Pascal
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 11, Issue 11
Tolerant, broadband tunable 2 × 2 coupler circuit
journal, January 2020
- Wang, Mi; Ribero, Antonio; Xing, Yufei
- Optics Express, Vol. 28, Issue 4
Power-efficient silicon nitride thermo-optic phase shifters for visible light
journal, January 2022
- Yong, Zheng; Chen, Hong; Luo, Xianshu
- Optics Express, Vol. 30, Issue 5
High-speed programmable photonic circuits in a cryogenically compatible, visible–near-infrared 200 mm CMOS architecture
journal, December 2021
- Dong, Mark; Clark, Genevieve; Leenheer, Andrew J.
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 16, Issue 1
Ultrafast all-optical coherent control of single silicon vacancy colour centres in diamond
journal, November 2016
- Becker, Jonas Nils; Görlitz, Johannes; Arend, Carsten
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Integrated multi-wavelength control of an ion qubit
journal, October 2020
- Niffenegger, R. J.; Stuart, J.; Sorace-Agaskar, C.
- Nature, Vol. 586, Issue 7830
Reconfigurable nanophotonic silicon probes for sub-millisecond deep-brain optical stimulation
journal, February 2020
- Mohanty, Aseema; Li, Qian; Tadayon, Mohammad Amin
- Nature Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2
Scalable photonic integrated circuits for programmable control of atomic systems
preprint, January 2022
- Menssen, Adrian J.; Hermans, Artur; Christen, Ian
- arXiv
Solid-state electronic spin coherence time approaching one second
journal, April 2013
- Bar-Gill, N.; Pham, L. M.; Jarmola, A.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
All-Optical Control of the Silicon-Vacancy Spin in Diamond at Millikelvin Temperatures
journal, January 2018
- Becker, Jonas N.; Pingault, Benjamin; Groß, David
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 5
Efficient fiber-optical interface for nanophotonic devices
journal, January 2015
- Tiecke, T. G.; Nayak, K. P.; Thompson, J. D.
- Optica, Vol. 2, Issue 2
Scalable Integration of Long-Lived Quantum Memories into a Photonic Circuit
journal, July 2015
- Mouradian, Sara L.; Schröder, Tim; Poitras, Carl B.
- Physical Review X, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Robust multi-qubit quantum network node with integrated error detection
journal, November 2022
- Stas, P. -J.; Huan, Y. Q.; Machielse, B.
- Science, Vol. 378, Issue 6619
Material platforms for spin-based photonic quantum technologies
journal, April 2018
- Atatüre, Mete; Englund, Dirk; Vamivakas, Nick
- Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 5
Cavity-Enhanced Single-Photon Source Based on the Silicon-Vacancy Center in Diamond
journal, February 2017
- Benedikter, Julia; Kaupp, Hanno; Hümmer, Thomas
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 7, Issue 2
Deterministic delivery of remote entanglement on a quantum network
journal, June 2018
- Humphreys, Peter C.; Kalb, Norbert; Morits, Jaco P. J.
- Nature, Vol. 558, Issue 7709
Single photon emission from SiV centres in diamond produced by ion implantation
journal, December 2005
- Wang, Chunlang; Kurtsiefer, Christian; Weinfurter, Harald
- Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 39, Issue 1
Silicon nitride stress-optic microresonator modulator for optical control applications
journal, August 2022
- Wang, Jiawei; Liu, Kaikai; Harrington, Mark W.
- Optics Express, Vol. 30, Issue 18
Multiplexed control of spin quantum memories in a photonic circuit
preprint, January 2022
- Golter, D. Andrew; Clark, Genevieve; Dandachi, Tareq El
- arXiv
High modulation efficiency and large bandwidth thin-film lithium niobate modulator for visible light
journal, September 2022
- Li, Chijun; Chen, Bin; Ruan, Ziliang
- Optics Express, Vol. 30, Issue 20
Parallel Implementation of High-Fidelity Multiqubit Gates with Neutral Atoms
journal, October 2019
- Levine, Harry; Keesling, Alexander; Semeghini, Giulia
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 17
Visible wavelength silicon nitride focusing grating coupler with AlCu/TiN reflector
journal, July 2013
- Romero-García, Sebastian; Merget, Florian; Zhong, Frank
- Optics Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 14
High-fidelity projective read-out of a solid-state spin quantum register
journal, September 2011
- Robledo, Lucio; Childress, Lilian; Bernien, Hannes
- Nature, Vol. 477, Issue 7366
Demonstration of a small programmable quantum computer with atomic qubits
journal, August 2016
- Debnath, S.; Linke, N. M.; Figgatt, C.
- Nature, Vol. 536, Issue 7614
Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead
journal, October 2018
- Wehner, Stephanie; Elkouss, David; Hanson, Ronald
- Science, Vol. 362, Issue 6412
Photonic Indistinguishability of the Tin-Vacancy Center in Nanostructured Diamond
journal, October 2022
- Arjona Martínez, Jesús; Parker, Ryan A.; Chen, Kevin C.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 129, Issue 17
Coupling of silicon-vacancy centers to a single crystal diamond cavity
journal, January 2012
- Lee, Jonathan C.; Aharonovich, Igor; Magyar, Andrew P.
- Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 8
8×8 reconfigurable quantum photonic processor based on silicon nitride waveguides
journal, January 2019
- Taballione, Caterina; Wolterink, Tom A. W.; Lugani, Jasleen
- Optics Express, Vol. 27, Issue 19
Quantum Nonlinear Optics with a Germanium-Vacancy Color Center in a Nanoscale Diamond Waveguide
journal, May 2017
- Bhaskar, M. K.; Sukachev, D. D.; Sipahigil, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 22
Robust, efficient, micrometre-scale phase modulators at visible wavelengths
journal, November 2021
- Liang, Guozhen; Huang, Heqing; Mohanty, Aseema
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 15, Issue 12
CMOS-compatible, piezo-optomechanically tunable photonics for visible wavelengths and cryogenic temperatures
journal, January 2019
- Stanfield, P. R.; Leenheer, A. J.; Michael, C. P.
- Optics Express, Vol. 27, Issue 20
Electronic Structure of the Silicon Vacancy Color Center in Diamond
journal, January 2014
- Hepp, Christian; Müller, Tina; Waselowski, Victor
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 3
Programmable photonic circuits
journal, October 2020
- Bogaerts, Wim; Pérez, Daniel; Capmany, José
- Nature, Vol. 586, Issue 7828