Isovector EMC Effect from Global QCD Analysis with MARATHON Data

Cocuzza, C.; Keppel, C. E.; Liu, H.; Melnitchouk, W.; Metz, A.; Sato, N.; Thomas, A. W.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.242001

Title: Isovector EMC Effect from Global QCD Analysis with MARATHON Data

Abstract

We report the results of a Monte Carlo global QCD analysis of unpolarized parton distribution functions (PDFs), including for the first time constraints from ratios of $^3$He to $^3$H structure functions recently obtained by the MARATHON experiment at Jefferson Lab. Our simultaneous analysis of nucleon PDFs and nuclear effects in $A=2$ and $A=3$ nuclei reveals the first indication for an isovector nuclear EMC effect in light nuclei. We find that while the MARATHON data yield relatively weak constraints on the $$F_2^n/F_2^p$$ neutron to proton structure function ratio and the $d/u$ PDF ratio, they suggest a strongly enhanced nuclear effect on the $$d$$-quark PDF in the bound proton.

Authors:

Cocuzza, C.;

;

; Metz, A.; Sato, N.;

; Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum ^[1]

(JAM) Collaboration

Publication Date:: Mon Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2021

Research Org.:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF); Australian Research Council

OSTI Identifier:: 1834267

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1834297

Report Number(s):: JLAB-THY-21-3352; DOE/OR/23177-5171; arXiv:2104.06946; ADP-21-5/T1152
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO; 242001

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177; PHY-1516088; DP180100497

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Volume: 127 Journal Issue: 24; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Perturbative QCD; QCD in nuclear reactions; Quantum chromodynamics; Strong interaction; Monte Carlo methods

Citation Formats


                    Cocuzza, C., Keppel, C. E., Liu, H., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Sato, N., Thomas, A. W., and Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum. Isovector EMC Effect from Global QCD Analysis with MARATHON Data.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.242001.

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                    Cocuzza, C., Keppel, C. E., Liu, H., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Sato, N., Thomas, A. W., & Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum. Isovector EMC Effect from Global QCD Analysis with MARATHON Data.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.242001

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                    Cocuzza, C., Keppel, C. E., Liu, H., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Sato, N., Thomas, A. W., and Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum. Mon .  
"Isovector EMC Effect from Global QCD Analysis with MARATHON Data".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.242001.

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@article{osti_1834267,

  title        = {Isovector EMC Effect from Global QCD Analysis with MARATHON Data},

  author       = {Cocuzza, C. and Keppel, C. E. and Liu, H. and Melnitchouk, W. and Metz, A. and Sato, N. and Thomas, A. W. and Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum},

  abstractNote = {We report the results of a Monte Carlo global QCD analysis of unpolarized parton distribution functions (PDFs), including for the first time constraints from ratios of $^3$He to $^3$H structure functions recently obtained by the MARATHON experiment at Jefferson Lab. Our simultaneous analysis of nucleon PDFs and nuclear effects in $A=2$ and $A=3$ nuclei reveals the first indication for an isovector nuclear EMC effect in light nuclei. We find that while the MARATHON data yield relatively weak constraints on the $F_2^n/F_2^p$ neutron to proton structure function ratio and the $d/u$ PDF ratio, they suggest a strongly enhanced nuclear effect on the $d$-quark PDF in the bound proton.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.242001},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 24,

  volume       = 127,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2021},

  month        = {Mon Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2021}

}

Copy to clipboard

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The proton and neutron structure functions Fp 2 and Fn 2, respectively are fundamental to understanding many studies in nuclear physics. They provide important information about quark distributions. For example, the ratio Fn 2/Fp 2 is one of the best measurements to find the ratio of d quark over u quark distribution inside the proton. While the calculations of structure functions and quark distributions are non-perturbative, they can be determined by the parameterization of experimental data. The understanding of Fn 2/Fp 2 and d/u as x -> 1 has a large influence on global fits and parameterization, and can bemore »« less
Full Text Available
Measurement of the Nucleon $F_{2}^{n} / F_{2}^{p}$ Structure Function Ratio by the Jefferson Lab MARATHON Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering Experiment

Journal Article Abrams, D. ; Albataineh, H. ; Aljawrneh, B. S. ; ... - Physical Review Letters

The ratio of the nucleonmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.132003
Isovector parton distribution functions of the proton on a superfine lattice

Journal Article Fan, Zhouyou ; Gao, Xiang ; Li, Ruizi ; ... - Physical Review. D.

We study isovector unpolarized and helicity parton distribution functions (PDF) of the proton within the framework of large-momentum effective theory. We use a gauge ensemble, generated by the MILC Collaboration, with a superfine lattice spacing of 0.042 fm and a pion mass of 310 MeV, enabling us to simultaneously reach sub-Fermi spatial separations and larger nucleon momenta. We compare the spatial dependence of quasi-PDF matrix elements in different renormalization schemes with the corresponding results of the global fits, obtained using one-loop perturbative matching. We present determinations of the first four moments of the unpolarized and helicity PDFs of proton frommore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.074504
PVEMC: isolating the flavor-dependent EMC effect using parity-violating inelastic scattering in SoLID

Journal Article Beminiwattha, Rakitha ; Arrington, John ; Gaskell, David J. - European Physical Journal. A, Hadrons and Nuclei (Online)

In order to better understand the EMC effect, we propose a clean and precise measurement of the flavor dependence of the EMC effect using parity-violating deep inelastic scattering on a ⁴⁸Ca target. This measurement will provide an extremely sensitive test for flavor dependence in the modification of nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs) for neutron-rich nuclei. A measurement of the flavor dependence will provide new and vital information and help to explain nucleon modification at the quark level. In addition to helping understand the origin of the EMC effect, a flavor-dependent nuclear pdf modification could significantly impact a range of processes,more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01109-1

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Title: Isovector EMC Effect from Global QCD Analysis with MARATHON Data

Abstract

Citation Formats

Measurement of the A dependence of deep-inelastic electron scattering journal, May 1994

The asymmetry of antimatter in the proton journal, February 2021

Strange quark suppression from a simultaneous Monte Carlo analysis of parton distributions and fragmentation functions journal, April 2020

structure function ratio at large x journal, June 1996

Accurate nucleon-nucleon potential with charge-independence breaking journal, January 1995

Constraints on large- x parton distributions from new weak boson production and deep-inelastic scattering data journal, June 2016

Erratum: Measurement of the W Boson Production Charge Asymmetry in p p ¯ → W + X → e ν + X Events at s = 1.96 TeV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 , 151803 (2014)] journal, January 2015

Measurement of forward W and Z boson production in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV journal, January 2016

Single-spin asymmetries in W boson production at next-to-leading order journal, May 2015

Relativistic deuteron structure function journal, August 1994

A first determination of parton distributions with theoretical uncertainties journal, October 2019

Simultaneous Monte Carlo analysis of parton densities and fragmentation functions journal, July 2021

Open-source QCD analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions at NLO and NNLO journal, November 2019

Perspectives on Higgs Physics II book, November 1997

Measurement of the Electron Charge Asymmetry in Inclusive W Production in p p Collisions at s = 7 TeV journal, September 2012

Shadowing, binding, and off-shell effects in nuclear deep-inelastic scattering journal, August 1994

Large-x parton distributions journal, March 2000

Impact of PDF uncertainties at large x on heavy boson production journal, June 2012

Nuclear effects in the proton-deuteron Drell-Yan process journal, July 2014

Parton momentum and helicity distributions in the nucleon journal, August 2013

Measurement of the proton and deuteron structure functions, F2p and F2d, and of the ratio journal, January 1997

New Measurements of the European Muon Collaboration Effect in Very Light Nuclei journal, November 2009

Deep-inelastic and quasielastic electron scattering from A = 3 nuclei journal, March 2019

Iterative Monte Carlo analysis of spin-dependent parton distributions journal, April 2016

Improved measurement of the d ¯ / ū asymmetry in the nucleon sea journal, August 2001

Covariant spectator theory of np scattering: Effective range expansions and relativistic deuteron wave functions journal, September 2010

Measurement of the lepton charge asymmetry in inclusive W production in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7\;{\text{TeV}} $ journal, April 2011

EPPS16: nuclear parton distributions with LHC data journal, March 2017

Publisher’s Note: Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section using the k T algorithm in p p ¯ collisions at s = 1.96 TeV with the CDF II detector [Phys. Rev. D 75 , 092006 (2007)] journal, June 2007

Combination of measurements of inclusive deep inelastic $${e^{\pm }p}$$ e ± p scattering cross sections and QCD analysis of HERA data: H1 and ZEUS Collaborations journal, December 2015

Measurement of the differential cross section and charge asymmetry for inclusive $$\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}\rightarrow \mathrm {W}^{\pm }+X$$ p p → W ± + X production at $${\sqrt{s}} = 8$$ s = 8 TeV journal, August 2016

Longitudinal Double-Spin Asymmetry and Cross Section for Inclusive Jet Production in Polarized Proton Collisions at s = 200 GeV journal, December 2006

Neutron electromagnetic form factors and inclusive scattering of polarized electrons by polarized 3He and 3H targets journal, July 1997

Isovector EMC Effect and the NuTeV Anomaly journal, June 2009

Parametrization of the deuteron wave function of the Paris NN potential journal, May 1981

Measurements of W and Z / γ * cross sections and their ratios in p + p collisions at RHIC journal, January 2021

Measurement of the shape of the boson rapidity distribution for p p ¯ → Z / γ * → e + e − + X events produced at s of 1.96 TeV journal, July 2007

Direct Measurement of the W Production Charge Asymmetry in p p ¯ Collisions at s = 1.96 TeV journal, May 2009

Global study of nuclear structure functions journal, January 2006

Nuclear effects in the deuteron and constraints on the d / u ratio journal, September 2017

Spin-dependent nuclear structure functions: General approach with application to the deuteron journal, August 1995

Measurement of the Neutron F 2 Structure Function via Spectator Tagging with CLAS journal, April 2012

What does kinematical target mass sensitivity in DIS reveal about hadron structure? journal, May 2019

Applications of quark-hadron duality in the F 2 structure function journal, September 2009

Quark distributions in nuclear matter and the EMC effect journal, May 2004

Parton Distributions in Nucleons and Nuclei journal, October 2020

Neutron structure function and A=3 mirror nuclei journal, November 2000

Deep-inelastic scattering from off-shell nucleons journal, February 1994

Inelastic electron scattering from the three-nucleon bound states with polarization journal, July 1993

Measurement of the Inclusive Jet Cross Section in p p ¯ Collisions at s = 1.96 TeV journal, August 2008

Deep inelastic scattering from A = 3 nuclei and the neutron structure function journal, September 2003

nCTEQ15: Global analysis of nuclear parton distributions with uncertainties in the CTEQ framework journal, April 2016

The ratio of the nucleon structure functions F2N for iron and deuterium journal, March 1983

How Well Do We Know the Neutron Structure Function? journal, June 2012

Covariant spectator theory of np scattering: Phase shifts obtained from precision fits to data below 350 MeV journal, July 2008

Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section using the k T algorithm in p p ¯ collisions at s = 1.96 TeV with the CDF II detector journal, May 2007

Measurement of the Light Antiquark Flavor Asymmetry in the Nucleon Sea journal, April 1998

Measurement of the W Boson Production Charge Asymmetry in p p ¯ → W + X → e ν + X Events at s = 1.96 TeV journal, April 2014

High-precision, charge-dependent Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential journal, January 2001

Structure functions for light nuclei journal, November 2010

Measurement of the muon charge asymmetry in inclusive p p → W + X production at s = 7 TeV and an improved determination of light parton distribution functions journal, August 2014

Accurate measurement of F2d/F2p and Rd − Rp journal, March 1997

A high statistics measurement of the proton structure functions F2(x, Q2) and R from deep inelastic muon scattering at high Q2 journal, June 1989

Measurement of the forward W boson cross-section in pp collisions at s = 7 $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV journal, December 2014

Measurement of the structure function of the nearly free neutron using spectator tagging in inelastic H 2 ( e , e ′ p s ) X scattering with CLAS journal, April 2014

Charge symmetry at the partonic level journal, July 2010

Measurement of the $A$ dependence of deep-inelastic electron scattering
journal, May 1994

The asymmetry of antimatter in the proton
journal, February 2021

Strange quark suppression from a simultaneous Monte Carlo analysis of parton distributions and fragmentation functions
journal, April 2020

structure function ratio at large x
journal, June 1996

Accurate nucleon-nucleon potential with charge-independence breaking
journal, January 1995

Constraints on large- $x$ parton distributions from new weak boson production and deep-inelastic scattering data
journal, June 2016

Erratum: Measurement of the $W$ Boson Production Charge Asymmetry in $p \bar{p} \to W + X \to e ν + X$ Events at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$ [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 , 151803 (2014)]
journal, January 2015

Measurement of forward W and Z boson production in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV
journal, January 2016

Single-spin asymmetries in $W$ boson production at next-to-leading order
journal, May 2015

Relativistic deuteron structure function
journal, August 1994

A first determination of parton distributions with theoretical uncertainties
journal, October 2019

Simultaneous Monte Carlo analysis of parton densities and fragmentation functions
journal, July 2021

Open-source QCD analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions at NLO and NNLO
journal, November 2019

Perspectives on Higgs Physics II
book, November 1997

Measurement of the Electron Charge Asymmetry in Inclusive $W$ Production in $p p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$
journal, September 2012

Shadowing, binding, and off-shell effects in nuclear deep-inelastic scattering
journal, August 1994

Large-x parton distributions
journal, March 2000

Impact of PDF uncertainties at large x on heavy boson production
journal, June 2012

Nuclear effects in the proton-deuteron Drell-Yan process
journal, July 2014

Parton momentum and helicity distributions in the nucleon
journal, August 2013

Measurement of the proton and deuteron structure functions, F2p and F2d, and of the ratio
journal, January 1997

New Measurements of the European Muon Collaboration Effect in Very Light Nuclei
journal, November 2009

Deep-inelastic and quasielastic electron scattering from $A = 3$ nuclei
journal, March 2019

Iterative Monte Carlo analysis of spin-dependent parton distributions
journal, April 2016

Improved measurement of the $\bar{d} / ū$ asymmetry in the nucleon sea
journal, August 2001

Covariant spectator theory of $np$ scattering: Effective range expansions and relativistic deuteron wave functions
journal, September 2010

Measurement of the lepton charge asymmetry in inclusive W production in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7\;{\text{TeV}} $
journal, April 2011

EPPS16: nuclear parton distributions with LHC data
journal, March 2017

Publisher’s Note: Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section using the $k_{T}$ algorithm in $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$ with the CDF II detector [Phys. Rev. D 75 , 092006 (2007)]
journal, June 2007

Combination of measurements of inclusive deep inelastic $${e^{\pm }p}$$ e ± p scattering cross sections and QCD analysis of HERA data: H1 and ZEUS Collaborations
journal, December 2015

Measurement of the differential cross section and charge asymmetry for inclusive $$\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}\rightarrow \mathrm {W}^{\pm }+X$$ p p → W ± + X production at $${\sqrt{s}} = 8$$ s = 8 TeV
journal, August 2016

Longitudinal Double-Spin Asymmetry and Cross Section for Inclusive Jet Production in Polarized Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200 GeV$
journal, December 2006

Neutron electromagnetic form factors and inclusive scattering of polarized electrons by polarized 3He and 3H targets
journal, July 1997

Isovector EMC Effect and the NuTeV Anomaly
journal, June 2009

Parametrization of the deuteron wave function of the Paris NN potential
journal, May 1981

Measurements of $W$ and $Z / γ^{*}$ cross sections and their ratios in $p + p$ collisions at RHIC
journal, January 2021

Measurement of the shape of the boson rapidity distribution for $p \bar{p} \to Z / γ^{*} \to e^{+} e^{-} + X$ events produced at $\sqrt{s}$ of 1.96 TeV
journal, July 2007

Direct Measurement of the $W$ Production Charge Asymmetry in $p \bar{p}$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$
journal, May 2009

Global study of nuclear structure functions
journal, January 2006

Nuclear effects in the deuteron and constraints on the $d / u$ ratio
journal, September 2017

Spin-dependent nuclear structure functions: General approach with application to the deuteron
journal, August 1995

Measurement of the Neutron $F_{2}$ Structure Function via Spectator Tagging with CLAS
journal, April 2012

What does kinematical target mass sensitivity in DIS reveal about hadron structure?
journal, May 2019

Applications of quark-hadron duality in the $F_{2}$ structure function
journal, September 2009

Quark distributions in nuclear matter and the EMC effect
journal, May 2004

Parton Distributions in Nucleons and Nuclei
journal, October 2020

Neutron structure function and A=3 mirror nuclei
journal, November 2000

Deep-inelastic scattering from off-shell nucleons
journal, February 1994

Inelastic electron scattering from the three-nucleon bound states with polarization
journal, July 1993

Measurement of the Inclusive Jet Cross Section in $p \bar{p}$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$
journal, August 2008

Deep inelastic scattering from $A = 3$ nuclei and the neutron structure function
journal, September 2003

nCTEQ15: Global analysis of nuclear parton distributions with uncertainties in the CTEQ framework
journal, April 2016

The ratio of the nucleon structure functions F2N for iron and deuterium
journal, March 1983

How Well Do We Know the Neutron Structure Function?
journal, June 2012

Covariant spectator theory of $np$ scattering: Phase shifts obtained from precision fits to data below 350 MeV
journal, July 2008

Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section using the $k_{T}$ algorithm in $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$ with the CDF II detector
journal, May 2007

Measurement of the Light Antiquark Flavor Asymmetry in the Nucleon Sea
journal, April 1998

Measurement of the $W$ Boson Production Charge Asymmetry in $p \bar{p} \to W + X \to e ν + X$ Events at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$
journal, April 2014

High-precision, charge-dependent Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential
journal, January 2001

Structure functions for light nuclei
journal, November 2010

Measurement of the muon charge asymmetry in inclusive $p p \to W + X$ production at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$ and an improved determination of light parton distribution functions
journal, August 2014

Accurate measurement of F2d/F2p and Rd − Rp
journal, March 1997

A high statistics measurement of the proton structure functions F2(x, Q2) and R from deep inelastic muon scattering at high Q2
journal, June 1989

Measurement of the forward W boson cross-section in pp collisions at s = 7 $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV
journal, December 2014

Measurement of the structure function of the nearly free neutron using spectator tagging in inelastic ${}^{2}H$ ( $e$ , $e^{'} p_{s}$ ) $X$ scattering with CLAS
journal, April 2014

Charge symmetry at the partonic level
journal, July 2010