Phase effects from strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves
Abstract
Assessing the probability that two or more gravitational wave (GW) events are lensed images of the same source requires an understanding of the properties of the lensed images. For short enough wavelengths where wave effects can be neglected, lensed images will generically have a fixed relative phase shift that needs to be taken into account in the lensing hypothesis. For non-precessing, circular binaries dominated by quadrupole radiation these lensing phase shifts are degenerate with either a shift in the coalescence phase or a detector and inclination dependent shift in the orientation angle. This degeneracy is broken by the presence of higher harmonic modes with |m| ≠ 2 in the former and |m| ≠ l in the latter. The presence of precession or eccentricity will also break this degeneracy. This implies that a lensed GW image will not necessarily be consistent with (unlensed) predictions from general relativity (GR). Therefore, unlike the conventional scenario of electromagnetic waves, strong lensing of GWs can lead to images with a modified phase evolution that can be observed. However, we find that templates with a shifted orientation angle remain a good approximation, with signal-to-noise ratio differences of less than 1% for mass ratios up to 1/18,more »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); Simons Foundation; Kavli Foundation
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1734896
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1821658
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0009924; PHY1708081; PHY-2011997; FG02-13ER41958; HST-HF2-51435.001-A; NAS5-26555; PHY18-04216
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review D
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 103; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; General relativity; Gravitational wave detection; Gravitational waves
Citation Formats
Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, Holz, Daniel E., Hu, Wayne, Lagos, Macarena, and Wald, Robert. Phase effects from strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1103/physrevd.103.064047.
Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, Holz, Daniel E., Hu, Wayne, Lagos, Macarena, & Wald, Robert. Phase effects from strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.103.064047
Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, Holz, Daniel E., Hu, Wayne, Lagos, Macarena, and Wald, Robert. Mon .
"Phase effects from strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.103.064047. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1734896.
@article{osti_1734896,
title = {Phase effects from strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves},
author = {Ezquiaga, Jose Maria and Holz, Daniel E. and Hu, Wayne and Lagos, Macarena and Wald, Robert},
abstractNote = {Assessing the probability that two or more gravitational wave (GW) events are lensed images of the same source requires an understanding of the properties of the lensed images. For short enough wavelengths where wave effects can be neglected, lensed images will generically have a fixed relative phase shift that needs to be taken into account in the lensing hypothesis. For non-precessing, circular binaries dominated by quadrupole radiation these lensing phase shifts are degenerate with either a shift in the coalescence phase or a detector and inclination dependent shift in the orientation angle. This degeneracy is broken by the presence of higher harmonic modes with |m| ≠ 2 in the former and |m| ≠ l in the latter. The presence of precession or eccentricity will also break this degeneracy. This implies that a lensed GW image will not necessarily be consistent with (unlensed) predictions from general relativity (GR). Therefore, unlike the conventional scenario of electromagnetic waves, strong lensing of GWs can lead to images with a modified phase evolution that can be observed. However, we find that templates with a shifted orientation angle remain a good approximation, with signal-to-noise ratio differences of less than 1% for mass ratios up to 1/18, and less than 5% for precession parameters up to 0.5 and eccentricities up to 0.4. We conclude that an optimal strong lensing search strategy would incorporate phase information in all stages of the identification of strong-lensing, with an exact treatment in the final assessment of the probability of multiple lensed events. Here, this work clarifies the role that strong lensing plays in the phase evolution of GWs: how it can lead to apparent deviations from GR, how it can affect the detectability of GW events, and how it can be exploited to help identify cases of strong gravitational lensing of gravitational wave sources.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevd.103.064047},
journal = {Physical Review D},
number = 6,
volume = 103,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 22 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Mon Mar 22 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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