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Title: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment

Abstract

We describe the design and assembly of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, a direct detection search for cosmic WIMP dark matter particles. The centerpiece of the experiment is a large liquid xenon time projection chamber sensitive to low energy nuclear recoils. Rejection of backgrounds is enhanced by a Xe skin veto detector and by a liquid scintillator Outer Detector loaded with gadolinium for efficient neutron capture and tagging. LZ is located in the Davis Cavern at the 4850’ level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. We describe the major subsystems of the experiment and its key design features and requirements.

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States); Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF); U.K. Science & Technology Facilities Council; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Contributing Org.:
The LZ Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1596301
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1581105; OSTI ID: 1581833; OSTI ID: 1633968; OSTI ID: 1670987; OSTI ID: 1756454; OSTI ID: 1777211; OSTI ID: 1870082; OSTI ID: 1889914; OSTI ID: 2007620
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-834144
Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002; TRN: US2101700
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0019193; SC0010072; SC0010010; SC0019066; SC0011702; SC0008475; SC0018982; AC02-05CH11231; AC02-76SF00515; ST/M003655/1; ST/M003981/1; ST/M003744/1; ST/M003639/1; ST/M003604/1; ST/M003469/1; PTDC/FIS-PAR/28567/2017; IBS-R016-D1; IE141517; UW PRJ82AJ; SC005336; SC0020216; AC52-07NA27344; SC0019319
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 953; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; Dark matter detector; Liquid xenon; Time projection chamber; Underground

Citation Formats

Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alquahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Arbuckle, A., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Auyeung, H., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barry, M. J., Barthel, J., Bauer, D., Bauer, P., Baxter, A., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birrittella, B., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A. I., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Branson, S., Brás, P., Breidenbach, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Campbell, J. S., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Chott, N. I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Colling, D., Conley, R. A., Cottle, A., Coughlen, R., Craddock, W. W., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., da Cunha, J. P., Dahl, C. E., Dardin, S., Dasu, S., Davis, J., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Decheine, N., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Edwards, B. N., Edwards, J., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Eriksen, S. R., Faham, C. H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fogarty Florang, I. M., Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Froborg, F., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Garcia, D., Geffre, A., Gehman, V. M., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Gonda, T. G., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., Gregerson, G., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hamilton, D., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrington, T., Harrison, A., Hasselkus, C., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hemer, D., Hertel, S. A., Heise, J., Hillbrand, S., Hitchcock, O., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Irving, M. N., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Jeffery, S. N., Ji, W., Johnson, M., Johnson, J., Johnson, P., Jones, W. G., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Khurana, I., Kim, Y. D., Kim, W. T., Kocher, C. D., Konovalov, A. M., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S. W., Krebs, H. J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Lambert, A. R., Landerud, B., Larsen, N. A., Laundrie, A., Leason, E. A., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., Liao, J., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., López Paredes, B., Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J. M., Lynch, C., Majewski, P. A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Markley, D. J., MarrLaundrie, P., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., Maupin, C., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Mei, D. -M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Minaker, Z. J., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J., Molash, D., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Nesbit, J., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Nilima, A., O’Dell, J., Oh, H., O’Neill, F. G., O’Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Oxborough, L., Pagac, A., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K. J., Palmaccio, V. M., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Penning, B. P., Pereira, G., Pereira, C., Peterson, I. B., Piepke, A., Pierson, S., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rucinski, R., Rutherford, G., Rynders, D., Saba, J. S., Sabarots, L., Santone, D., Sarychev, M., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M., Scovell, P. R., Severson, M., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, G. W., Shutt, T. A., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, A. R., Smith, R. J., Smith, R. E., So, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stern, N., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Sumner, T. J., Sundarnath, K., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, W. C., Taylor, R., Taylor, D. J., Temples, D., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tope, T. E., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Tull, C. E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utes, M., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Va’vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Verbus, J. R., Vietanen, T., Voirin, E., Vuosalo, C. O., Walcott, S., Waldron, W. L., Walker, K., Wang, J. J., Wang, R., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Migneault, J., Weatherly, S., Webb, R. C., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., White, R. G., White, J. T., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Wilson, K., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., and Zhang, C. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2019.163047.
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Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alquahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Arbuckle, A., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Auyeung, H., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barry, M. J., Barthel, J., Bauer, D., Bauer, P., Baxter, A., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birrittella, B., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A. I., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Branson, S., Brás, P., Breidenbach, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Campbell, J. S., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Chott, N. I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Colling, D., Conley, R. A., Cottle, A., Coughlen, R., Craddock, W. W., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., da Cunha, J. P., Dahl, C. E., Dardin, S., Dasu, S., Davis, J., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Decheine, N., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Edwards, B. N., Edwards, J., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Eriksen, S. R., Faham, C. H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fogarty Florang, I. M., Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Froborg, F., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Garcia, D., Geffre, A., Gehman, V. M., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Gonda, T. G., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., Gregerson, G., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hamilton, D., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrington, T., Harrison, A., Hasselkus, C., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hemer, D., Hertel, S. A., Heise, J., Hillbrand, S., Hitchcock, O., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Irving, M. N., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Jeffery, S. N., Ji, W., Johnson, M., Johnson, J., Johnson, P., Jones, W. G., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Khurana, I., Kim, Y. D., Kim, W. T., Kocher, C. D., Konovalov, A. M., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S. W., Krebs, H. J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Lambert, A. R., Landerud, B., Larsen, N. A., Laundrie, A., Leason, E. A., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., Liao, J., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., López Paredes, B., Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J. M., Lynch, C., Majewski, P. A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Markley, D. J., MarrLaundrie, P., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., Maupin, C., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Mei, D. -M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Minaker, Z. J., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J., Molash, D., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Nesbit, J., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Nilima, A., O’Dell, J., Oh, H., O’Neill, F. G., O’Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Oxborough, L., Pagac, A., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K. J., Palmaccio, V. M., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Penning, B. P., Pereira, G., Pereira, C., Peterson, I. B., Piepke, A., Pierson, S., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rucinski, R., Rutherford, G., Rynders, D., Saba, J. S., Sabarots, L., Santone, D., Sarychev, M., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M., Scovell, P. R., Severson, M., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, G. W., Shutt, T. A., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, A. R., Smith, R. J., Smith, R. E., So, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stern, N., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Sumner, T. J., Sundarnath, K., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, W. C., Taylor, R., Taylor, D. J., Temples, D., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tope, T. E., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Tull, C. E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utes, M., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Va’vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Verbus, J. R., Vietanen, T., Voirin, E., Vuosalo, C. O., Walcott, S., Waldron, W. L., Walker, K., Wang, J. J., Wang, R., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Migneault, J., Weatherly, S., Webb, R. C., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., White, R. G., White, J. T., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Wilson, K., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., & Zhang, C. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.163047
Copy to clipboard
Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alquahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Arbuckle, A., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Auyeung, H., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barry, M. J., Barthel, J., Bauer, D., Bauer, P., Baxter, A., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birrittella, B., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A. I., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Branson, S., Brás, P., Breidenbach, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Campbell, J. S., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Chott, N. I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Colling, D., Conley, R. A., Cottle, A., Coughlen, R., Craddock, W. W., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., da Cunha, J. P., Dahl, C. E., Dardin, S., Dasu, S., Davis, J., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Decheine, N., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Edwards, B. N., Edwards, J., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Eriksen, S. R., Faham, C. H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fogarty Florang, I. M., Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Froborg, F., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Garcia, D., Geffre, A., Gehman, V. M., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Gonda, T. G., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., Gregerson, G., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hamilton, D., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrington, T., Harrison, A., Hasselkus, C., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hemer, D., Hertel, S. A., Heise, J., Hillbrand, S., Hitchcock, O., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Irving, M. N., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Jeffery, S. N., Ji, W., Johnson, M., Johnson, J., Johnson, P., Jones, W. G., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Khurana, I., Kim, Y. D., Kim, W. T., Kocher, C. D., Konovalov, A. M., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S. W., Krebs, H. J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Lambert, A. R., Landerud, B., Larsen, N. A., Laundrie, A., Leason, E. A., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., Liao, J., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., López Paredes, B., Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J. M., Lynch, C., Majewski, P. A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Markley, D. J., MarrLaundrie, P., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., Maupin, C., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Mei, D. -M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Minaker, Z. J., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J., Molash, D., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Nesbit, J., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Nilima, A., O’Dell, J., Oh, H., O’Neill, F. G., O’Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Oxborough, L., Pagac, A., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K. J., Palmaccio, V. M., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Penning, B. P., Pereira, G., Pereira, C., Peterson, I. B., Piepke, A., Pierson, S., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rucinski, R., Rutherford, G., Rynders, D., Saba, J. S., Sabarots, L., Santone, D., Sarychev, M., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M., Scovell, P. R., Severson, M., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, G. W., Shutt, T. A., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, A. R., Smith, R. J., Smith, R. E., So, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stern, N., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Sumner, T. J., Sundarnath, K., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, W. C., Taylor, R., Taylor, D. J., Temples, D., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tope, T. E., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Tull, C. E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utes, M., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Va’vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Verbus, J. R., Vietanen, T., Voirin, E., Vuosalo, C. O., Walcott, S., Waldron, W. L., Walker, K., Wang, J. J., Wang, R., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Migneault, J., Weatherly, S., Webb, R. C., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., White, R. G., White, J. T., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Wilson, K., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., and Zhang, C. Mon . "The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.163047. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1596301.
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@article{osti_1596301,
title = {The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment},
author = {Akerib, D. S. and Akerlof, C. W. and Akimov, D. Yu. and Alquahtani, A. and Alsum, S. K. and Anderson, T. J. and Angelides, N. and Araújo, H. M. and Arbuckle, A. and Armstrong, J. E. and Arthurs, M. and Auyeung, H. and Bai, X. and Bailey, A. J. and Balajthy, J. and Balashov, S. and Bang, J. and Barry, M. J. and Barthel, J. and Bauer, D. and Bauer, P. and Baxter, A. and Belle, J. and Beltrame, P. and Bensinger, J. and Benson, T. and Bernard, E. P. and Bernstein, A. and Bhatti, A. and Biekert, A. and Biesiadzinski, T. P. and Birrittella, B. and Boast, K. E. and Bolozdynya, A. I. and Boulton, E. M. and Boxer, B. and Bramante, R. and Branson, S. and Brás, P. and Breidenbach, M. and Buckley, J. H. and Bugaev, V. V. and Bunker, R. and Burdin, S. and Busenitz, J. K. and Campbell, J. S. and Carels, C. and Carlsmith, D. L. and Carlson, B. and Carmona-Benitez, M. C. and Cascella, M. and Chan, C. and Cherwinka, J. J. and Chiller, A. A. and Chiller, C. and Chott, N. I. and Cole, A. and Coleman, J. and Colling, D. and Conley, R. A. and Cottle, A. and Coughlen, R. and Craddock, W. W. and Curran, D. and Currie, A. and Cutter, J. E. and da Cunha, J. P. and Dahl, C. E. and Dardin, S. and Dasu, S. and Davis, J. and Davison, T. J. R. and de Viveiros, L. and Decheine, N. and Dobi, A. and Dobson, J. E. Y. and Druszkiewicz, E. and Dushkin, A. and Edberg, T. K. and Edwards, W. R. and Edwards, B. N. and Edwards, J. and Elnimr, M. M. and Emmet, W. T. and Eriksen, S. R. and Faham, C. H. and Fan, A. and Fayer, S. and Fiorucci, S. and Flaecher, H. and Fogarty Florang, I. M. and Ford, P. and Francis, V. B. and Froborg, F. and Fruth, T. and Gaitskell, R. J. and Gantos, N. J. and Garcia, D. and Geffre, A. and Gehman, V. M. and Gelfand, R. and Genovesi, J. and Gerhard, R. M. and Ghag, C. and Gibson, E. and Gilchriese, M. G. D. and Gokhale, S. and Gomber, B. and Gonda, T. G. and Greenall, A. and Greenwood, S. and Gregerson, G. and van der Grinten, M. G. D. and Gwilliam, C. B. and Hall, C. R. and Hamilton, D. and Hans, S. and Hanzel, K. and Harrington, T. and Harrison, A. and Hasselkus, C. and Haselschwardt, S. J. and Hemer, D. and Hertel, S. A. and Heise, J. and Hillbrand, S. and Hitchcock, O. and Hjemfelt, C. and Hoff, M. D. and Holbrook, B. and Holtom, E. and Hor, J. Y-K. and Horn, M. and Huang, D. Q. and Hurteau, T. W. and Ignarra, C. M. and Irving, M. N. and Jacobsen, R. G. and Jahangir, O. and Jeffery, S. N. and Ji, W. and Johnson, M. and Johnson, J. and Johnson, P. and Jones, W. G. and Kaboth, A. C. and Kamaha, A. and Kamdin, K. and Kasey, V. and Kazkaz, K. and Keefner, J. and Khaitan, D. and Khaleeq, M. and Khazov, A. and Khromov, A. V. and Khurana, I. and Kim, Y. D. and Kim, W. T. and Kocher, C. D. and Konovalov, A. M. and Korley, L. and Korolkova, E. V. and Koyuncu, M. and Kras, J. and Kraus, H. and Kravitz, S. W. and Krebs, H. J. and Kreczko, L. and Krikler, B. and Kudryavtsev, V. A. and Kumpan, A. V. and Kyre, S. and Lambert, A. R. and Landerud, B. and Larsen, N. A. and Laundrie, A. and Leason, E. A. and Lee, H. S. and Lee, J. and Lee, C. and Lenardo, B. G. and Leonard, D. S. and Leonard, R. and Lesko, K. T. and Levy, C. and Li, J. and Liu, Y. and Liao, J. and Liao, F. -T. and Lin, J. and Lindote, A. and Linehan, R. and Lippincott, W. H. and Liu, R. and Liu, X. and Loniewski, C. and Lopes, M. I. and López Paredes, B. and Lorenzon, W. and Lucero, D. and Luitz, S. and Lyle, J. M. and Lynch, C. and Majewski, P. A. and Makkinje, J. and Malling, D. C. and Manalaysay, A. and Manenti, L. and Mannino, R. L. and Marangou, N. and Markley, D. J. and MarrLaundrie, P. and Martin, T. J. and Marzioni, M. F. and Maupin, C. and McConnell, C. T. and McKinsey, D. N. and McLaughlin, J. and Mei, D. -M. and Meng, Y. and Miller, E. H. and Minaker, Z. J. and Mizrachi, E. and Mock, J. and Molash, D. and Monte, A. and Monzani, M. E. and Morad, J. A. and Morrison, E. and Mount, B. J. and Murphy, A. St. J. and Naim, D. and Naylor, A. and Nedlik, C. and Nehrkorn, C. and Nelson, H. N. and Nesbit, J. and Neves, F. and Nikkel, J. A. and Nikoleyczik, J. A. and Nilima, A. and O’Dell, J. and Oh, H. and O’Neill, F. G. and O’Sullivan, K. and Olcina, I. and Olevitch, M. A. and Oliver-Mallory, K. C. and Oxborough, L. and Pagac, A. and Pagenkopf, D. and Pal, S. and Palladino, K. J. and Palmaccio, V. M. and Palmer, J. and Pangilinan, M. and Patton, S. J. and Pease, E. K. and Penning, B. P. and Pereira, G. and Pereira, C. and Peterson, I. B. and Piepke, A. and Pierson, S. and Powell, S. and Preece, R. M. and Pushkin, K. and Qie, Y. and Racine, M. and Ratcliff, B. N. and Reichenbacher, J. and Reichhart, L. and Rhyne, C. A. and Richards, A. and Riffard, Q. and Rischbieter, G. R. C. and Rodrigues, J. P. and Rose, H. J. and Rosero, R. and Rossiter, P. and Rucinski, R. and Rutherford, G. and Rynders, D. and Saba, J. S. and Sabarots, L. and Santone, D. and Sarychev, M. and Sazzad, A. B. M. R. and Schnee, R. W. and Schubnell, M. and Scovell, P. R. and Severson, M. and Seymour, D. and Shaw, S. and Shutt, G. W. and Shutt, T. A. and Silk, J. J. and Silva, C. and Skarpaas, K. and Skulski, W. and Smith, A. R. and Smith, R. J. and Smith, R. E. and So, J. and Solmaz, M. and Solovov, V. N. and Sorensen, P. and Sosnovtsev, V. V. and Stancu, I. and Stark, M. R. and Stephenson, S. and Stern, N. and Stevens, A. and Stiegler, T. M. and Stifter, K. and Studley, R. and Sumner, T. J. and Sundarnath, K. and Sutcliffe, P. and Swanson, N. and Szydagis, M. and Tan, M. and Taylor, W. C. and Taylor, R. and Taylor, D. J. and Temples, D. and Tennyson, B. P. and Terman, P. A. and Thomas, K. J. and Thomson, J. A. and Tiedt, D. R. and Timalsina, M. and To, W. H. and Tomás, A. and Tope, T. E. and Tripathi, M. and Tronstad, D. R. and Tull, C. E. and Turner, W. and Tvrznikova, L. and Utes, M. and Utku, U. and Uvarov, S. and Va’vra, J. and Vacheret, A. and Vaitkus, A. and Verbus, J. R. and Vietanen, T. and Voirin, E. and Vuosalo, C. O. and Walcott, S. and Waldron, W. L. and Walker, K. and Wang, J. J. and Wang, R. and Wang, L. and Wang, Y. and Watson, J. R. and Migneault, J. and Weatherly, S. and Webb, R. C. and Wei, W. -Z. and While, M. and White, R. G. and White, J. T. and White, D. T. and Whitis, T. J. and Wisniewski, W. J. and Wilson, K. and Witherell, M. S. and Wolfs, F. L. H. and Wolfs, J. D. and Woodward, D. and Worm, S. D. and Xiang, X. and Xiao, Q. and Xu, J. and Yeh, M. and Yin, J. and Young, I. and Zhang, C.},
abstractNote = {We describe the design and assembly of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, a direct detection search for cosmic WIMP dark matter particles. The centerpiece of the experiment is a large liquid xenon time projection chamber sensitive to low energy nuclear recoils. Rejection of backgrounds is enhanced by a Xe skin veto detector and by a liquid scintillator Outer Detector loaded with gadolinium for efficient neutron capture and tagging. LZ is located in the Davis Cavern at the 4850’ level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. We describe the major subsystems of the experiment and its key design features and requirements.},
doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2019.163047},
journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
number = C,
volume = 953,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon Oct 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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Figure 1 Figure 1: Rendering of the LZ experiment, showing the major detector subsystems. At the center is the liquid xenon TPC (1), monitored by two arrays of PMTs and serviced by various cable and fluid conduits (upper and lower). The TPC is contained in a double-walled vacuum insulated titanium cryostat andmore » surrounded on all sides by a GdLS Outer Detector (2). The cathode high voltage connection is made horizontally at the lower left (5). The GdLS is observed by a suite of 8” PMTs (3) standing in the water (4) which provides shielding for the detector. The pitched conduit on the right (6) allows for neutron calibration sources to illuminate the detector.« less
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