Experimental evidence for ‘buckle, ruck and tuck’ in neutron irradiated graphite

Johns, Steve; He, Lingfeng; Kane, Joshua J.; Windes, William E.; Ubic, Rick; Karthik, Chinnathambi

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2019.12.028

Title: Experimental evidence for ‘buckle, ruck and tuck’ in neutron irradiated graphite

Abstract

The current mainstream theory for radiation-induced dimensional change of nuclear graphite is based on the notion that interstitially displaced carbon atoms will coalesce into dislocation loops (i.e., additional basal planes). This standard atomic-displacement model has been challenged by theories based on first principles calculations. The so-called ‘ruck and tuck’ of basal planes has been proposed as an alternative mechanism to explain the observed c-axis expansion under irradiation; however, no such defects have been observed experimentally so far. In this study, the first experimental evidence for the presence of a ‘ruck and tuck’ defect in high-temperature neutron-irradiated nuclear graphite is presented.

Authors:

Johns, Steve ^[1];

^[2];

^[2]; Windes, William E. ^[2]; Ubic, Rick ^[1];

^[1]

Boise State Univ., ID (United States)
Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Publication Date:: 2019-12-12

Research Org.:: Boise State Univ., ID (United States); Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Fuel Cycle Technologies (NE-5)

OSTI Identifier:: 1593346

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1601834

Report Number(s):: INL-JOU-20-57498
Journal ID: ISSN 0008-6223; TRN: US2100912

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016427; AC07-05ID14517

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Carbon

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 159; Journal ID: ISSN 0008-6223

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Nuclear graphite; graphite; microstructure; radiation effects; 36 - MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Johns, Steve, He, Lingfeng, Kane, Joshua J., Windes, William E., Ubic, Rick, and Karthik, Chinnathambi. Experimental evidence for ‘buckle, ruck and tuck’ in neutron irradiated graphite.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.12.028.

Copy to clipboard


                    Johns, Steve, He, Lingfeng, Kane, Joshua J., Windes, William E., Ubic, Rick, & Karthik, Chinnathambi. Experimental evidence for ‘buckle, ruck and tuck’ in neutron irradiated graphite.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.12.028

Copy to clipboard


                    Johns, Steve, He, Lingfeng, Kane, Joshua J., Windes, William E., Ubic, Rick, and Karthik, Chinnathambi. Thu .  
"Experimental evidence for ‘buckle, ruck and tuck’ in neutron irradiated graphite".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.12.028.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1593346.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1593346,

  title        = {Experimental evidence for ‘buckle, ruck and tuck’ in neutron irradiated graphite},

  author       = {Johns, Steve and He, Lingfeng and Kane, Joshua J. and Windes, William E. and Ubic, Rick and Karthik, Chinnathambi},

  abstractNote = {The current mainstream theory for radiation-induced dimensional change of nuclear graphite is based on the notion that interstitially displaced carbon atoms will coalesce into dislocation loops (i.e., additional basal planes). This standard atomic-displacement model has been challenged by theories based on first principles calculations. The so-called ‘ruck and tuck’ of basal planes has been proposed as an alternative mechanism to explain the observed c-axis expansion under irradiation; however, no such defects have been observed experimentally so far. In this study, the first experimental evidence for the presence of a ‘ruck and tuck’ defect in high-temperature neutron-irradiated nuclear graphite is presented.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.carbon.2019.12.028},

  journal      = {Carbon},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 159,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {12}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.12.028

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 1 work

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Neutron irradiation induced microstructural changes in NBG-18 and IG-110 nuclear graphites
journal, May 2015

Karthik, Chinnathambi; Kane, Joshua; Butt, Darryl P.
Carbon, Vol. 86
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.01.036

Formation of carbon nanostructures in nuclear graphite under high-temperature in situ electron-irradiation
journal, March 2019

Johns, Steve; Poulsen, Tyler; Kane, Joshua J.
Carbon, Vol. 143
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.11.077

Microstructural Characterization of Next Generation Nuclear Graphites
journal, January 2012

Karthik, Chinnathambi; Kane, Joshua; Butt, Darryl P.
Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 18, Issue 2
DOI: doi:10.1017/S1431927611012360

Buckle, ruck and tuck: A proposed new model for the response of graphite to neutron irradiation
journal, June 2011

Heggie, M. I.; Suarez-Martinez, I.; Davidson, C.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 413, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.04.015

Irradiations du graphite a basse temperature aux neutrons et aux electrons. Mesure de l'energie emmagasinee et des variations de resistivite electrique
journal, October 1968

Bochirol, L.; Bonjour, E.
Carbon, Vol. 6, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1016/0008-6223(68)90010-9

Metastable Frenkel Pair Defect in Graphite: Source of Wigner Energy?
journal, July 2003

Ewels, C. P.; Telling, R. H.; El-Barbary, A. A.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.025505

The nucleation of radiation damage in graphite
journal, September 1965

Reynolds, W. N.; Thrower, P. A.
Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 12, Issue 117
DOI: 10.1080/14786436508218902

Dynamic microstructural evolution of graphite under displacing irradiation
journal, March 2014

Hinks, J. A.; Haigh, S. J.; Greaves, G.
Carbon, Vol. 68
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.11.002

Neutron irradiation induced microstructural changes in NBG-18 and IG-110 nuclear graphites
journal, May 2015

Karthik, Chinnathambi; Kane, Joshua; Butt, Darryl P.
Carbon, Vol. 86
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.01.036

Formation of carbon nanostructures in nuclear graphite under high-temperature in situ electron-irradiation
journal, March 2019

Johns, Steve; Poulsen, Tyler; Kane, Joshua J.
Carbon, Vol. 143
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.11.077

Evidence for Bulk Ripplocations in Layered Solids
journal, September 2016

Gruber, Jacob; Lang, Andrew C.; Griggs, Justin
Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/srep33451

Deformation of layered solids: Ripplocations not basal dislocations
journal, October 2017

Barsoum, M. W.; Tucker, G. J.
Scripta Materialia, Vol. 139
DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.04.002

Microstructural Characterization of Next Generation Nuclear Graphites
journal, January 2012

Karthik, Chinnathambi; Kane, Joshua; Butt, Darryl P.
Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 18, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1017/S1431927611012360

Characterization of structural defects in nuclear graphite IG-110 and NBG-18
journal, March 2014

Zheng, Guiqiu; Xu, Peng; Sridharan, Kumar
Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 446, Issue 1-3
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.12.013

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

A macro-scale ruck and tuck mechanism for deformation in ion-irradiated polycrystalline graphite

Journal Article Liu, Dong ; Cherns, David ; Johns, Steve ; ... - Carbon

A vein structure, which becomes more pronounced with increasing ion dose, was found on the surface of polycrystalline HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) implanted by ex situ C+ (up to 1.8 x 10(17) ions/cm(2)), and in situ Ar+ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). These veins are found to be independent of the crystallographic orientations and are associated with the formation of pores. Underneath the veins, a triangular-shaped core was formed with the graphite platelet inside the core displaced up towards the surface. A macro-scale 'ruck&tuck' geometry was thus generated at these triangle structure boundaries. Progressive movement of dislocations alongmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.10.086

Full Text Available
Development of a Scanning Microscale Fast Neutron Irradiation Platform for Examining the Correlation Between Local Neutron Damage and Graphite Microstructure

Technical Report Pinhero, Patrick ; Windes, William

The fast particle radiation damage effect of graphite, a main material in current and future nuclear reactors, has significant influence on the utilization of this material in fission and fusion plants. Atoms on graphite crystals can be easily replaced or dislocated by fast protons and result in interstitials and vacancies. The currently accepted model indicates that after most of the interstitials recombine with vacancies, surviving interstitials form clusters and furthermore gather to create loops with each other between layers. Meanwhile, surviving vacancies and interstitials form dislocation loops on the layers. The growth of these inserted layers cause the dimensional increase,more »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/1183652

Full Text Available
Fullerene-like defects in high-temperature neutron-irradiated nuclear graphite

Journal Article Johns, Steve ; He, Lingfeng ; Bustillo, Karen ; ... - Carbon

Irradiation-induced defect evolution in graphite is particularly important for its application in graphite-moderated nuclear reactors. The evolution of defects directly influences macroscopically observed property changes in irradiated nuclear graphite which, in turn, can govern the lifetime of graphite components. This article reports novel defect structures and the irradiation response of microstructural features occurring in high-temperature irradiated nuclear graphite IG-110. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was used to characterize specimens neutron-irradiated at a high temperature (≥ 800°C) at doses of 1.73 and 3.56 atomic displacements per atom (dpa). Concentric shelled and fullerene-like defects were found to result in swelling alongmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.05.028

Full Text Available
Formation of carbon nanostructures in nuclear graphite under high-temperature in situ electron-irradiation

Journal Article Johns, Steve ; Poulsen, Tyler ; Kane, Joshua J. ; ... - Carbon

Defect evolution in nuclear graphite has been studied in real time using high-temperature in situ transmission electron microscopy. In situ electron-irradiation was conducted at 800 °C on a 200 kV transmission electron microscope with a dose rate, given in terms of displacements per atom per second, of approximately 1.46 × 10^–3 dpa/s. Defect domains consisting of ordered arrangements of pentagons, hexagons, and heptagons exist intrinsically in nuclear graphite and in addition are readily produced via electron-irradiation; however, at elevated temperatures these defect domains undergo atomic rearrangements resulting in the formation of carbon nanostructures via curling and closure of the basalmore »« less
Cited by 4
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.11.077

Full Text Available
Topological Defects in Graphite under Irradiation using Molecular Dynamics

Journal Article Raj, Anant ; Eapen, Jacob - Transactions of the American Nuclear Society

Graphite is the preferred material for moderating elements and structural components in a Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR). It has a layered structure with basal planes constituted by carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Graphite accommodates a wide variety of defects such as vacancies, interstitials, and dislocation loops; a detailed description can be found in a review paper by Telling and Heggie. The layered configuration in graphite engenders energetic conditions that favor the formation of topological defects. Unlike the interlayer defects, which often are sp{sup 3} hybridized, topological defects maintain their sp{sup 2} bond connectivity. Several types of topologicalmore »« less

Similar Records

Title: Experimental evidence for ‘buckle, ruck and tuck’ in neutron irradiated graphite

Abstract

Citation Formats

Neutron irradiation induced microstructural changes in NBG-18 and IG-110 nuclear graphites journal, May 2015

Formation of carbon nanostructures in nuclear graphite under high-temperature in situ electron-irradiation journal, March 2019

Microstructural Characterization of Next Generation Nuclear Graphites journal, January 2012

Buckle, ruck and tuck: A proposed new model for the response of graphite to neutron irradiation journal, June 2011

Irradiations du graphite a basse temperature aux neutrons et aux electrons. Mesure de l'energie emmagasinee et des variations de resistivite electrique journal, October 1968

Metastable Frenkel Pair Defect in Graphite: Source of Wigner Energy? journal, July 2003

The nucleation of radiation damage in graphite journal, September 1965

Dynamic microstructural evolution of graphite under displacing irradiation journal, March 2014

Neutron irradiation induced microstructural changes in NBG-18 and IG-110 nuclear graphites journal, May 2015

Formation of carbon nanostructures in nuclear graphite under high-temperature in situ electron-irradiation journal, March 2019

Evidence for Bulk Ripplocations in Layered Solids journal, September 2016

Deformation of layered solids: Ripplocations not basal dislocations journal, October 2017

Microstructural Characterization of Next Generation Nuclear Graphites journal, January 2012

Characterization of structural defects in nuclear graphite IG-110 and NBG-18 journal, March 2014

Neutron irradiation induced microstructural changes in NBG-18 and IG-110 nuclear graphites
journal, May 2015

Formation of carbon nanostructures in nuclear graphite under high-temperature in situ electron-irradiation
journal, March 2019

Microstructural Characterization of Next Generation Nuclear Graphites
journal, January 2012

Buckle, ruck and tuck: A proposed new model for the response of graphite to neutron irradiation
journal, June 2011

Irradiations du graphite a basse temperature aux neutrons et aux electrons. Mesure de l'energie emmagasinee et des variations de resistivite electrique
journal, October 1968

Metastable Frenkel Pair Defect in Graphite: Source of Wigner Energy?
journal, July 2003

The nucleation of radiation damage in graphite
journal, September 1965

Dynamic microstructural evolution of graphite under displacing irradiation
journal, March 2014

Neutron irradiation induced microstructural changes in NBG-18 and IG-110 nuclear graphites
journal, May 2015

Formation of carbon nanostructures in nuclear graphite under high-temperature in situ electron-irradiation
journal, March 2019

Evidence for Bulk Ripplocations in Layered Solids
journal, September 2016

Deformation of layered solids: Ripplocations not basal dislocations
journal, October 2017

Microstructural Characterization of Next Generation Nuclear Graphites
journal, January 2012

Characterization of structural defects in nuclear graphite IG-110 and NBG-18
journal, March 2014