Dark sector equilibration during nucleosynthesis
Abstract
Light, weakly coupled dark sectors may be naturally decoupled in the early Universe and enter equilibrium with the Standard Model bath during the epoch of primordial nucleosynthesis. The equilibration and eventual decoupling of dark sector states modifies the expansion rate of the Universe, which alters the predicted abundances of the light elements. This result can be encompassed in a time-varying contribution to Neff, the effective number of neutrino species, such that Neff during nucleosynthesis differs from its measured value at the time of recombination. We investigate the impact of such variations on the light element abundances with model-independent templates for the time dependence of Neff as well as in specific models where a dark sector equilibrates with neutrinos or photons. We reveal that significant modifications of the expansion rate are consistent with the measured abundances of light nuclei, provided that they occur during specific periods of nucleosynthesis. In constraining concrete models, the relative importance of the cosmic microwave background and primordial nucleosynthesis is highly model dependent.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1545437
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1545104
- Report Number(s):
- arXiv:1904.04256; FERMILAB-PUB-19-138-A-T; SLAC-PUB-17421
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; 015038
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; AC02-07CH11359
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review. D.
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Volume: 100 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
Citation Formats
Berlin, Asher, Blinov, Nikita, and Li, Shirley Weishi. Dark sector equilibration during nucleosynthesis. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.100.015038.
Berlin, Asher, Blinov, Nikita, & Li, Shirley Weishi. Dark sector equilibration during nucleosynthesis. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.015038
Berlin, Asher, Blinov, Nikita, and Li, Shirley Weishi. Mon .
"Dark sector equilibration during nucleosynthesis". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.015038.
@article{osti_1545437,
title = {Dark sector equilibration during nucleosynthesis},
author = {Berlin, Asher and Blinov, Nikita and Li, Shirley Weishi},
abstractNote = {Light, weakly coupled dark sectors may be naturally decoupled in the early Universe and enter equilibrium with the Standard Model bath during the epoch of primordial nucleosynthesis. The equilibration and eventual decoupling of dark sector states modifies the expansion rate of the Universe, which alters the predicted abundances of the light elements. This result can be encompassed in a time-varying contribution to Neff, the effective number of neutrino species, such that Neff during nucleosynthesis differs from its measured value at the time of recombination. We investigate the impact of such variations on the light element abundances with model-independent templates for the time dependence of Neff as well as in specific models where a dark sector equilibrates with neutrinos or photons. We reveal that significant modifications of the expansion rate are consistent with the measured abundances of light nuclei, provided that they occur during specific periods of nucleosynthesis. In constraining concrete models, the relative importance of the cosmic microwave background and primordial nucleosynthesis is highly model dependent.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.100.015038},
journal = {Physical Review. D.},
number = 1,
volume = 100,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.015038
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Cited by: 25 works
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Figures / Tables:
FIG. 1: Schematic evolution of Neff for three representative cases: a dark sector (DS) equilibrates with neutrinos (left panel) or with photons (middle and right panels) after neutrino-photon decoupling. In the left panel, Neff does not change during equilibration due to energy conservation; it is only modified when the coldmore »
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