Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined

Yeh, Tsung-Han; Shelton, Jessie; Olive, Keith A.; Fields, Brian D.

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/046

Title: Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined

Abstract

We present new Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) limits on the cosmic expansion rate or relativistic energy density, quantified via the number N_ν of equivalent neutrino species. We use the latest light element observations, neutron mean lifetime, and update our evaluation for the nuclear rates d + d → ³He + n and d + d → ³H+p. Combining this result with the independent constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) yields tight limits on new physics that perturbs N_ν and η prior to cosmic nucleosynthesis: a joint BBN+CMB analysis gives N_ν = 2.898 ± 0.141, resulting in N_ν < 3.180 at 2σ. We apply these limits to a wide variety of new physics scenarios including right-handed neutrinos, dark radiation, and a stochastic gravitational wave background. The strength of the independent BBN and CMB constraints now opens a new window: we can search for limits on potential changes in N_ν and/or the baryon-to-photon ratio η between the two epochs. The present data place strong constraints on the allowed changes in N_ν between BBN and CMB decoupling; for example, we find -0.708 < N_ν^CMB - N_ν^BBN < 0.328 in the case where η and the primordial helium mass fraction Yp are unchangedmore »« less

Authors:

Yeh, Tsung-Han ^[1]; Shelton, Jessie ^[2]; Olive, Keith A. ^[3]; Fields, Brian D. ^[2]

Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States); Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe, Urbana, IL (United States)
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1905515

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0011842; SC0017840

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 2022; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1475-7516

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; big bang nucleosynthesis; cosmological neutrinos, cosmology of theories beyond the SM; particle physics - cosmology connection

Citation Formats


                    Yeh, Tsung-Han, Shelton, Jessie, Olive, Keith A., and Fields, Brian D. Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/046.

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                    Yeh, Tsung-Han, Shelton, Jessie, Olive, Keith A., & Fields, Brian D. Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/046

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                    Yeh, Tsung-Han, Shelton, Jessie, Olive, Keith A., and Fields, Brian D. Fri .  
"Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/046.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1905515.

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@article{osti_1905515,

  title        = {Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined},

  author       = {Yeh, Tsung-Han and Shelton, Jessie and Olive, Keith A. and Fields, Brian D.},

  abstractNote = {We present new Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) limits on the cosmic expansion rate or relativistic energy density, quantified via the number Nν of equivalent neutrino species. We use the latest light element observations, neutron mean lifetime, and update our evaluation for the nuclear rates d + d → 3He + n and d + d → 3H+p. Combining this result with the independent constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) yields tight limits on new physics that perturbs Nν and η prior to cosmic nucleosynthesis: a joint BBN+CMB analysis gives Nν = 2.898 ± 0.141, resulting in Nν < 3.180 at 2σ. We apply these limits to a wide variety of new physics scenarios including right-handed neutrinos, dark radiation, and a stochastic gravitational wave background. The strength of the independent BBN and CMB constraints now opens a new window: we can search for limits on potential changes in Nν and/or the baryon-to-photon ratio η between the two epochs. The present data place strong constraints on the allowed changes in Nν between BBN and CMB decoupling; for example, we find -0.708 < NνCMB - NνBBN < 0.328 in the case where η and the primordial helium mass fraction Yp are unchanged between the two epochs; we also give limits on the allowed variations in η or in (η, Nν) jointly. We discuss scenarios in which such changes could occur, and show that BBN+CMB results combine to place important constraints on some early dark energy models to explain the H0 tension. Looking to the future, we forecast the tightened precision for Nν arising from both CMB Stage 4 measurements as well as improvements in astronomical 4He measurements. Here, we find that CMB-S4 combined with present BBN and light element observation precision can give σ(Nν) ≃ 0.03. Such future precision would reveal the expected effect of neutrino heating (Neff-3 = 0.044) of the CMB during BBN, and would be near the level to reveal any particle species ever in thermal equilibrium with the standard model. Improved Yp measurements can push this precision even further.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/046},

  journal      = {Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 2022,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Fri Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

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The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 932, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac6503

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The impact of new d(p,γ)3 rates on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

Journal Article Yeh, Tsung-Han ; Olive, Keith A. ; Fields, Brian D. - Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

We consider the effect on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) of new measurements of the d(p,γ)³He cross section by the LUNA Collaboration. These have an important effect on the primordial abundance of D/H which is also sensitive to the baryon density at the time of BBN. We have re-evaluated the thermal rate for this reaction, using a world average of cross section data, which we describe with model-independent polynomials; our results are in good agreement with a similar analysis by LUNA. We then perform a full likelihood analysis combining BBN and Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) likelihood chains using the newmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2021/03/046

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Precision measures of the primordial abundance of deuterium

Journal Article Cooke, Ryan J. ; Pettini, Max ; Jorgenson, Regina A. ; ... - Astrophysical Journal

We report the discovery of deuterium absorption in the very metal-poor ([Fe/H] = –2.88) damped Lyα system at z {sub abs} = 3.06726 toward the QSO SDSS J1358+6522. On the basis of 13 resolved D I absorption lines and the damping wings of the H I Lyα transition, we have obtained a new, precise measure of the primordial abundance of deuterium. Furthermore, to bolster the present statistics of precision D/H measures, we have reanalyzed all of the known deuterium absorption-line systems that satisfy a set of strict criteria. We have adopted a blind analysis strategy (to remove human bias) andmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/31
Planck 2015 results: XIII. Cosmological parameters

Journal Article Ade, P. A. R. ; Aghanim, N. ; Arnaud, M. ; ... - Astronomy and Astrophysics

Here, this paper presents cosmological results based on full-mission Planck observations of temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Our results are in very good agreement with the 2013 analysis of the Planck nominal-mission temperature data, but with increased precision. The temperature and polarization power spectra are consistent with the standard spatially-flat 6-parameter ΛCDM cosmology with a power-law spectrum of adiabatic scalar perturbations (denoted “base ΛCDM” in this paper). From the Planck temperature data combined with Planck lensing, for this cosmology we find a Hubble constant, H₀ = (67.8 ± 0.9) km s^-1Mpc^-1, a matter density parameter Ω_m = 0.308 ± 0.012, and a tilted scalar spectral index with n_s = 0.968 ± 0.006, consistent with the 2013 analysis. Note that in this abstract we quote 68% confidence limits on measured parameters and 95% upper limits on other parameters. We present the first results of polarization measurements with the Low Frequency Instrument at large angular scales. Combined with the Planck temperature and lensing data, these measurements give a reionization optical depth of τ = 0.066 ± 0.016, corresponding to a reionization redshift of z_re= 8.8more »« less
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Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis after Planck

Journal Article Fields, Brian D. ; Olive, Keith A. ; Yeh, Tsung-Han ; ... - Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

We assess the status of big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) in light of the final Planck data release and other recent developments, and in anticipation of future measurements. Planck data from the recombination era fix the cosmic baryon density to 0.9% precision, and now damping tail measurements determine the helium abundance and effective number of neutrinos with precision approaching that of astronomical and BBN determinations respectively. All three parameters are related by BBN. In addition, new high-redshift measurements give D/H to better precision than theoretical predictions, and new Li/H data reconfirm the lithium problem. We present new ⁷Be(n, p) ⁷Li rates usingmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/03/010

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Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters

Journal Article Aghanim, N. ; Akrami, Y. ; Ashdown, M. ; ... - Astronomy and Astrophysics

In this paper, we present cosmological parameter results from the final full-mission Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combining information from the temperature and polarization maps and the lensing reconstruction. Compared to the 2015 results, improved measurements of large-scale polarization allow the reionization optical depth to be measured with higher precision, leading to significant gains in the precision of other correlated parameters. Improved modelling of the small-scale polarization leads to more robust constraints on many parameters, with residual modelling uncertainties estimated to affect them only at the 0.5σ level. We find good consistency with the standard spatially-flatmore »« less
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Title: Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined

Abstract

Citation Formats

Remarks on the Evolution of the Expanding Universe journal, April 1949

A SUPERSTRING Z' AT O(1 TeV )? journal, January 1991

Constraints on the variation of the fine structure constant from big bang nucleosynthesis journal, July 1999

Primordial nucleosynthesis corners the Z′ journal, May 1990

Response of primordial abundances to a general modification of G N and/or of the early universe expansion rate journal, June 2005

Cosmological constraints on scalar–tensor gravity and the variation of the gravitational constant journal, April 2017

Searching for light relics with large-scale structure journal, August 2018

A reexamination of the cosmological bound to the number of neutrino flavors journal, August 1986

Constraints on the variation of G from primordial nucleosynthesis journal, June 2005

How warm are non-thermal relics? Lyman-α bounds on out-of-equilibrium dark matter journal, March 2021

Synthesis of the Elements Within Objects Exploding from Very High Temperatures journal, June 1969

Chilly dark sectors and asymmetric reheating journal, June 2016

Cosmological abundances of right-handed neutrinos journal, January 1997

A precise deuterium abundance: remeasurement of the z = 3.572 absorption system towards the quasar PKS1937–101 journal, March 2017

Coupled variations of fundamental couplings and primordial nucleosynthesis journal, July 2007

A new determination of the primordial helium abundance using the analyses of H ii region spectra from SDSS journal, January 2021

Upper Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO’s First Observing Run journal, March 2017

Big bang nucleosynthesis and CMB constraints on dark energy journal, March 2003

Nucleosynthesis bounds on a time-varying cosmological ‘constant’ journal, February 1997

Limits on cosmological variation of strong interaction and quark masses from big bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic, laboratory and Oklo data journal, April 2002

Cosmological variation of the deuteron binding energy, strong interaction, and quark masses from big bang nucleosynthesis journal, March 2004

Precision measurements of H 2 ( d , p ) H 3 and H 2 ( d , n ) He 3 total cross sections at Big Bang nucleosynthesis energies journal, April 2006

Primordial Deuterium after LUNA: concordances and error budget journal, April 2021

The primordial deuterium abundance: subDLA system at z abs = 2.437 towards the QSO J 1444+2919 journal, February 2016

Implications of WMAP Observations on Li Abundance and Stellar Evolution Models journal, January 2005

Thermal Dark Matter Below a MeV journal, January 2018

CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition report, October 2016

Primordial nucleosynthesis with CMB inputs: probing the early universe and light element astrophysics journal, April 2002

Interacting radiation after Planck and its implications for the Hubble tension journal, September 2020

Gravitational-Wave Cosmology across 29 Decades in Frequency journal, March 2016

Limits on new superweakly interacting particles from primordial nucleosynthesis journal, May 1981

Relativistic tests with lunar laser ranging journal, January 2018

Resolving conclusions about the early Universe requires accurate nuclear measurements journal, March 2021

Constraints on primordial gravitational waves from the cosmic microwave background journal, October 2020

Nucleosynthesis Bounds on Jordan-Brans-Dicke Theories of Gravity journal, February 1992

Matter accretion in metal-poor stars down to extremely metal-poor stars and the lithium problem journal, February 2021

On the hadronic contribution to sterile neutrino production journal, June 2006

Planck intermediate results : XXIV. Constraints on variations in fundamental constants⋆ journal, July 2015

One Percent Determination of the Primordial Deuterium Abundance journal, March 2018

Upper limits on the isotropic gravitational-wave background from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run journal, July 2021

Primordial helium and the cosmic background radiation journal, April 2010

Primordial nucleosynthesis with varying fundamental constants: Solutions to the lithium problem and the deuterium discrepancy journal, September 2021

Cosmology in Mirror Twin Higgs and neutrino masses journal, July 2017

Intimate Relationship between Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter and Δ N eff journal, July 2021

Stellar Mixing and the Primordial Lithium Abundance journal, July 2002

The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment journal, June 2014

A probable stellar solution to the cosmological lithium discrepancy journal, August 2006

On the Baryometric Status of 3 He journal, March 2003

Varying alpha, thresholds and fermion masses journal, January 2004

Big bang nucleosynthesis and physics beyond the standard model journal, December 1996

Improved BBN constraints on the variation of the gravitational constant journal, February 2020

Model of metastable EeV dark matter journal, June 2020

Primordial nucleosynthesis including radiative, Coulomb, and finite-temperature corrections to weak rates journal, November 1982

Cosmology with a primordial scaling field journal, June 1998

The baryon density of the Universe from an improved rate of deuterium burning journal, November 2020

Primordial nucleosynthesis redux journal, July 1991

Improved Bhabha cross section at LEP and the number of light neutrino species journal, April 2020

Refraction and oscillations of neutrinos in the early universe journal, February 1991

Dark sector equilibration during nucleosynthesis journal, July 2019

A new, precise measurement of the primordial abundance of deuterium: The primordial abundance of deuterium journal, August 2012

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis as a Probe of New Physics journal, November 2010

Axions and Family Symmetry Breaking journal, November 1982

Time variation of fundamental constants, primordial nucleosynthesis, and the size of extra dimensions journal, February 1986

The Primordial Lithium Problem journal, November 2011

How massless neutrinos affect the cosmic microwave background damping tail journal, April 2013

Lightest sterile neutrino abundance within the ν MSM journal, January 2007

Solving the Hierarchy Problem at Reheating with a Large Number of Degrees of Freedom journal, December 2016

Dark radiation constraints on portal interactions with hidden sectors journal, September 2022

First‐Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters journal, September 2003

Atomic diffusion and mixing in old stars journal, April 2016

The PHLEK Survey: A New Determination of the Primordial Helium Abundance journal, June 2020

CMB signals of neutrino mass generation journal, October 2004

Oppenheimer-Phillips effect and electron screening ind+ d fusion reactions journal, March 1995

The Local Abundance of 3He: A Confrontation between Theory and Observation journal, May 1996

Majorana neutrino magnetic moment and neutrino decoupling in big bang nucleosynthesis journal, December 2015

A robust deuterium abundance; re-measurement of the z = 3.256 absorption system towards the quasar PKS 1937−101 journal, January 2015

2H + reactions from 1.96 to 6.20 MeV journal, September 1972

Remarks on the Evolution of the Expanding Universe
journal, April 1949

A SUPERSTRING Z' AT O(1 TeV )?
journal, January 1991

Constraints on the variation of the fine structure constant from big bang nucleosynthesis
journal, July 1999

Primordial nucleosynthesis corners the Z′
journal, May 1990

Response of primordial abundances to a general modification of $G_{N}$ and/or of the early universe expansion rate
journal, June 2005

Cosmological constraints on scalar–tensor gravity and the variation of the gravitational constant
journal, April 2017

Searching for light relics with large-scale structure
journal, August 2018

A reexamination of the cosmological bound to the number of neutrino flavors
journal, August 1986

Constraints on the variation of $G$ from primordial nucleosynthesis
journal, June 2005

How warm are non-thermal relics? Lyman-α bounds on out-of-equilibrium dark matter
journal, March 2021

Synthesis of the Elements Within Objects Exploding from Very High Temperatures
journal, June 1969

Chilly dark sectors and asymmetric reheating
journal, June 2016

Cosmological abundances of right-handed neutrinos
journal, January 1997

A precise deuterium abundance: remeasurement of the z = 3.572 absorption system towards the quasar PKS1937–101
journal, March 2017

Coupled variations of fundamental couplings and primordial nucleosynthesis
journal, July 2007

A new determination of the primordial helium abundance using the analyses of H ii region spectra from SDSS
journal, January 2021

Upper Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO’s First Observing Run
journal, March 2017

Big bang nucleosynthesis and CMB constraints on dark energy
journal, March 2003

Nucleosynthesis bounds on a time-varying cosmological ‘constant’
journal, February 1997

Limits on cosmological variation of strong interaction and quark masses from big bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic, laboratory and Oklo data
journal, April 2002

Cosmological variation of the deuteron binding energy, strong interaction, and quark masses from big bang nucleosynthesis
journal, March 2004

Precision measurements of ${}^{2}H$ $(d, p)$ ${}^{3}H$ and ${}^{2}H$ $(d, n)$ ${}^{3}{He}$ total cross sections at Big Bang nucleosynthesis energies
journal, April 2006

Primordial Deuterium after LUNA: concordances and error budget
journal, April 2021

The primordial deuterium abundance: subDLA system at z _abs = 2.437 towards the QSO J 1444+2919
journal, February 2016

Implications of WMAP Observations on Li Abundance and Stellar Evolution Models
journal, January 2005

Thermal Dark Matter Below a MeV
journal, January 2018

CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition
report, October 2016

Primordial nucleosynthesis with CMB inputs: probing the early universe and light element astrophysics
journal, April 2002

Interacting radiation after Planck and its implications for the Hubble tension
journal, September 2020

Gravitational-Wave Cosmology across 29 Decades in Frequency
journal, March 2016

Limits on new superweakly interacting particles from primordial nucleosynthesis
journal, May 1981

Relativistic tests with lunar laser ranging
journal, January 2018

Resolving conclusions about the early Universe requires accurate nuclear measurements
journal, March 2021

Constraints on primordial gravitational waves from the cosmic microwave background
journal, October 2020

Nucleosynthesis Bounds on Jordan-Brans-Dicke Theories of Gravity
journal, February 1992

Matter accretion in metal-poor stars down to extremely metal-poor stars and the lithium problem
journal, February 2021

On the hadronic contribution to sterile neutrino production
journal, June 2006

Planck intermediate results : XXIV. Constraints on variations in fundamental constants⋆
journal, July 2015

One Percent Determination of the Primordial Deuterium Abundance
journal, March 2018

Upper limits on the isotropic gravitational-wave background from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run
journal, July 2021

Primordial helium and the cosmic background radiation
journal, April 2010

Primordial nucleosynthesis with varying fundamental constants: Solutions to the lithium problem and the deuterium discrepancy
journal, September 2021

Cosmology in Mirror Twin Higgs and neutrino masses
journal, July 2017

Intimate Relationship between Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter and $Δ N_{eff}$
journal, July 2021

Stellar Mixing and the Primordial Lithium Abundance
journal, July 2002

The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
journal, June 2014

A probable stellar solution to the cosmological lithium discrepancy
journal, August 2006

On the Baryometric Status of ³ He
journal, March 2003

Varying alpha, thresholds and fermion masses
journal, January 2004

Big bang nucleosynthesis and physics beyond the standard model
journal, December 1996

Improved BBN constraints on the variation of the gravitational constant
journal, February 2020

Model of metastable EeV dark matter
journal, June 2020

Primordial nucleosynthesis including radiative, Coulomb, and finite-temperature corrections to weak rates
journal, November 1982

Cosmology with a primordial scaling field
journal, June 1998

The baryon density of the Universe from an improved rate of deuterium burning
journal, November 2020

Primordial nucleosynthesis redux
journal, July 1991

Improved Bhabha cross section at LEP and the number of light neutrino species
journal, April 2020

Refraction and oscillations of neutrinos in the early universe
journal, February 1991

Dark sector equilibration during nucleosynthesis
journal, July 2019

A new, precise measurement of the primordial abundance of deuterium: The primordial abundance of deuterium
journal, August 2012

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis as a Probe of New Physics
journal, November 2010

Axions and Family Symmetry Breaking
journal, November 1982

Time variation of fundamental constants, primordial nucleosynthesis, and the size of extra dimensions
journal, February 1986

The Primordial Lithium Problem
journal, November 2011

How massless neutrinos affect the cosmic microwave background damping tail
journal, April 2013

Lightest sterile neutrino abundance within the ν MSM
journal, January 2007

Solving the Hierarchy Problem at Reheating with a Large Number of Degrees of Freedom
journal, December 2016

Dark radiation constraints on portal interactions with hidden sectors
journal, September 2022

First‐Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters
journal, September 2003

Atomic diffusion and mixing in old stars
journal, April 2016

The PHLEK Survey: A New Determination of the Primordial Helium Abundance
journal, June 2020

CMB signals of neutrino mass generation
journal, October 2004

Oppenheimer-Phillips effect and electron screening ind+ d fusion reactions
journal, March 1995

The Local Abundance of 3He: A Confrontation between Theory and Observation
journal, May 1996

Majorana neutrino magnetic moment and neutrino decoupling in big bang nucleosynthesis
journal, December 2015

A robust deuterium abundance; re-measurement of the z = 3.256 absorption system towards the quasar PKS 1937−101
journal, January 2015

2H + reactions from 1.96 to 6.20 MeV
journal, September 1972

Problem of Strong $P$ and $T$ Invariance in the Presence of Instantons
journal, January 1978

Nucleosynthesis and the variation of fundamental couplings
journal, October 2004

Cosmological limits to the number of massive leptons
journal, January 1977