Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined
Abstract
We present new Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) limits on the cosmic expansion rate or relativistic energy density, quantified via the number Nν of equivalent neutrino species. We use the latest light element observations, neutron mean lifetime, and update our evaluation for the nuclear rates d + d → 3He + n and d + d → 3H+p. Combining this result with the independent constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) yields tight limits on new physics that perturbs Nν and η prior to cosmic nucleosynthesis: a joint BBN+CMB analysis gives Nν = 2.898 ± 0.141, resulting in Nν < 3.180 at 2σ. We apply these limits to a wide variety of new physics scenarios including right-handed neutrinos, dark radiation, and a stochastic gravitational wave background. The strength of the independent BBN and CMB constraints now opens a new window: we can search for limits on potential changes in Nν and/or the baryon-to-photon ratio η between the two epochs. The present data place strong constraints on the allowed changes in Nν between BBN and CMB decoupling; for example, we find -0.708 < NνCMB - NνBBN < 0.328 in the case where η and the primordial helium mass fraction Yp are unchangedmore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
- Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States); Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe, Urbana, IL (United States)
- Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1905515
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0011842; SC0017840
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 2022; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1475-7516
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; big bang nucleosynthesis; cosmological neutrinos, cosmology of theories beyond the SM; particle physics - cosmology connection
Citation Formats
Yeh, Tsung-Han, Shelton, Jessie, Olive, Keith A., and Fields, Brian D. Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/046.
Yeh, Tsung-Han, Shelton, Jessie, Olive, Keith A., & Fields, Brian D. Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/046
Yeh, Tsung-Han, Shelton, Jessie, Olive, Keith A., and Fields, Brian D. Fri .
"Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/046. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1905515.
@article{osti_1905515,
title = {Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined},
author = {Yeh, Tsung-Han and Shelton, Jessie and Olive, Keith A. and Fields, Brian D.},
abstractNote = {We present new Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) limits on the cosmic expansion rate or relativistic energy density, quantified via the number Nν of equivalent neutrino species. We use the latest light element observations, neutron mean lifetime, and update our evaluation for the nuclear rates d + d → 3He + n and d + d → 3H+p. Combining this result with the independent constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) yields tight limits on new physics that perturbs Nν and η prior to cosmic nucleosynthesis: a joint BBN+CMB analysis gives Nν = 2.898 ± 0.141, resulting in Nν < 3.180 at 2σ. We apply these limits to a wide variety of new physics scenarios including right-handed neutrinos, dark radiation, and a stochastic gravitational wave background. The strength of the independent BBN and CMB constraints now opens a new window: we can search for limits on potential changes in Nν and/or the baryon-to-photon ratio η between the two epochs. The present data place strong constraints on the allowed changes in Nν between BBN and CMB decoupling; for example, we find -0.708 < NνCMB - NνBBN < 0.328 in the case where η and the primordial helium mass fraction Yp are unchanged between the two epochs; we also give limits on the allowed variations in η or in (η, Nν) jointly. We discuss scenarios in which such changes could occur, and show that BBN+CMB results combine to place important constraints on some early dark energy models to explain the H0 tension. Looking to the future, we forecast the tightened precision for Nν arising from both CMB Stage 4 measurements as well as improvements in astronomical 4He measurements. Here, we find that CMB-S4 combined with present BBN and light element observation precision can give σ(Nν) ≃ 0.03. Such future precision would reveal the expected effect of neutrino heating (Neff-3 = 0.044) of the CMB during BBN, and would be near the level to reveal any particle species ever in thermal equilibrium with the standard model. Improved Yp measurements can push this precision even further.},
doi = {10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/046},
journal = {Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics},
number = 10,
volume = 2022,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Fri Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
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