DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: The ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue – III. 2016

Abstract

In this catalogue we summarize information for all supernovae discovered by the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN) and all other bright (mpeak ≤ 17), spectroscopically confirmed supernovae discovered in 2016. We then gather the near-infrared through ultraviolet magnitudes of all host galaxies and the offsets of the supernovae from the centres of their hosts from public data bases. We illustrate the results using a sample that now totals 668 supernovae discovered since 2014 May 1, including the supernovae from our previous catalogues, with type distributions closely matching those of the ideal magnitude limited sample from Li et al. This is then the third of a series of yearly papers on bright supernovae and their hosts from the ASAS-SN team.

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)
Contributing Org.:
ASAS-SN Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1416306
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-27708
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711; TRN: US1800910
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 471; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; catalogues; surveys; supernovae: general

Citation Formats

Holoien, T. W. -S., Brown, J. S., Stanek, K. Z., Kochanek, C. S., Shappee, B. J., Prieto, J. L., Dong, Subo, Brimacombe, J., Bishop, D. W., Bose, S., Beacom, J. F., Bersier, D., Chen, Ping, Chomiuk, L., Falco, E., Godoy-Rivera, D., Morrell, N., Pojmanski, G., Shields, J. V., Strader, J., Stritzinger, M. D., Thompson, Todd A., Woźniak, P. R., Bock, G., Cacella, P., Conseil, E., Cruz, I., Fernandez, J. M., Kiyota, S., Koff, R. A., Krannich, G., Marples, P., Masi, G., Monard, L. A. G., Nicholls, B., Nicolas, J., Post, R. S., Stone, G., and Wiethoff, W. S. The ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue – III. 2016. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1544.
Holoien, T. W. -S., Brown, J. S., Stanek, K. Z., Kochanek, C. S., Shappee, B. J., Prieto, J. L., Dong, Subo, Brimacombe, J., Bishop, D. W., Bose, S., Beacom, J. F., Bersier, D., Chen, Ping, Chomiuk, L., Falco, E., Godoy-Rivera, D., Morrell, N., Pojmanski, G., Shields, J. V., Strader, J., Stritzinger, M. D., Thompson, Todd A., Woźniak, P. R., Bock, G., Cacella, P., Conseil, E., Cruz, I., Fernandez, J. M., Kiyota, S., Koff, R. A., Krannich, G., Marples, P., Masi, G., Monard, L. A. G., Nicholls, B., Nicolas, J., Post, R. S., Stone, G., & Wiethoff, W. S. The ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue – III. 2016. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1544
Holoien, T. W. -S., Brown, J. S., Stanek, K. Z., Kochanek, C. S., Shappee, B. J., Prieto, J. L., Dong, Subo, Brimacombe, J., Bishop, D. W., Bose, S., Beacom, J. F., Bersier, D., Chen, Ping, Chomiuk, L., Falco, E., Godoy-Rivera, D., Morrell, N., Pojmanski, G., Shields, J. V., Strader, J., Stritzinger, M. D., Thompson, Todd A., Woźniak, P. R., Bock, G., Cacella, P., Conseil, E., Cruz, I., Fernandez, J. M., Kiyota, S., Koff, R. A., Krannich, G., Marples, P., Masi, G., Monard, L. A. G., Nicholls, B., Nicolas, J., Post, R. S., Stone, G., and Wiethoff, W. S. Fri . "The ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue – III. 2016". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1544. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1416306.
@article{osti_1416306,
title = {The ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue – III. 2016},
author = {Holoien, T. W. -S. and Brown, J. S. and Stanek, K. Z. and Kochanek, C. S. and Shappee, B. J. and Prieto, J. L. and Dong, Subo and Brimacombe, J. and Bishop, D. W. and Bose, S. and Beacom, J. F. and Bersier, D. and Chen, Ping and Chomiuk, L. and Falco, E. and Godoy-Rivera, D. and Morrell, N. and Pojmanski, G. and Shields, J. V. and Strader, J. and Stritzinger, M. D. and Thompson, Todd A. and Woźniak, P. R. and Bock, G. and Cacella, P. and Conseil, E. and Cruz, I. and Fernandez, J. M. and Kiyota, S. and Koff, R. A. and Krannich, G. and Marples, P. and Masi, G. and Monard, L. A. G. and Nicholls, B. and Nicolas, J. and Post, R. S. and Stone, G. and Wiethoff, W. S.},
abstractNote = {In this catalogue we summarize information for all supernovae discovered by the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN) and all other bright (mpeak ≤ 17), spectroscopically confirmed supernovae discovered in 2016. We then gather the near-infrared through ultraviolet magnitudes of all host galaxies and the offsets of the supernovae from the centres of their hosts from public data bases. We illustrate the results using a sample that now totals 668 supernovae discovered since 2014 May 1, including the supernovae from our previous catalogues, with type distributions closely matching those of the ideal magnitude limited sample from Li et al. This is then the third of a series of yearly papers on bright supernovae and their hosts from the ASAS-SN team.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stx1544},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 4,
volume = 471,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Aug 18 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Fri Aug 18 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 42 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Broad-lined Supernova 2016coi with a Helium Envelope
journal, February 2017

  • Yamanaka, Masayuki; Nakaoka, Tatsuya; Tanaka, Masaomi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 837, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa5f57

GAMMA RAYS FROM TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA SN 2014J
journal, October 2015


Colloquium : Multimessenger astronomy with gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos
journal, October 2013


Astrometry.Net: Blind Astrometric Calibration of Arbitrary Astronomical Images
journal, March 2010


The man Behind the Curtain: X-Rays Drive the uv Through nir Variability in the 2013 Active Galactic Nucleus Outburst in ngc 2617
journal, May 2014


Transient astronomy with the Gaia satellite
journal, June 2013

  • Hodgkin, Simon T.; Wyrzykowski, Łukasz; Blagorodnova, Nadejda
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 371, Issue 1992
  • DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0239

The superluminous transient ASASSN-15lh as a tidal disruption event from a Kerr black hole
journal, December 2016


The Eruption of the Candidate Young star Asassn-15qi
journal, November 2016

  • Herczeg(沈雷歌), Gregory J.; Dong, Subo; Shappee, Benjamin J.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 831, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/831/2/133

Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
journal, September 2013

  • Brown, T. M.; Baliber, N.; Bianco, F. B.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 125, Issue 931
  • DOI: 10.1086/673168

The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)
journal, February 2006

  • Skrutskie, M. F.; Cutri, R. M.; Stiening, R.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 131, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/498708

Hello darkness my old friend: the fading of the nearby TDE ASASSN-14ae
journal, August 2016

  • Brown, Jonathan S.; Shappee, Benjamin J.; Holoien, T. W. -S.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 462, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw1928

Supernova Discoveries 2010–2011: Statistics and Trends
journal, July 2013

  • Gal-Yam, Avishay; Mazzali, P. A.; Manulis, I.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 125, Issue 929
  • DOI: 10.1086/671483

ESC supernova spectroscopy of non-ESC targets
journal, May 2008


The unexpected, long-lasting, UV rebrightening of the superluminous supernova ASASSN-15lh
journal, January 2017

  • Godoy-Rivera, D.; Stanek, K. Z.; Kochanek, C. S.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 466, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw3237

ASASSN-14ae: a tidal disruption event at 200 Mpc
journal, October 2014

  • Holoien, T. W. -S.; Prieto, J. L.; Bersier, D.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 445, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu1922

DISCOVERY AND OBSERVATIONS OF ASASSN-13db, AN EX LUPI-TYPE ACCRETION EVENT ON A LOW-MASS T TAURI STAR
journal, April 2014


ASASSN-16ae: A POWERFUL WHITE-LIGHT FLARE ON AN EARLY-L DWARF
journal, September 2016

  • Schmidt, Sarah J.; Shappee, Benjamin J.; Gagné, Jonathan
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 828, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8205/828/2/L22

First Results from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey
journal, April 2009


WISeREP—An Interactive Supernova Data Repository
journal, July 2012

  • Yaron, Ofer; Gal-Yam, Avishay
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 124, Issue 917
  • DOI: 10.1086/666656

The MASTER-II network of robotic optical telescopes. First results
journal, April 2013


Multimessenger signals of long-term core-collapse supernova simulations: synergetic observation strategies
journal, June 2016

  • Nakamura, Ko; Horiuchi, Shunsaku; Tanaka, Masaomi
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 461, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw1453

Effects of Stellar Rotation on star Formation Rates and Comparison to Core-Collapse Supernova Rates
journal, May 2013


New class of high-energy transients from crashes of supernova ejecta with massive circumstellar material shells
journal, August 2011


CHARACTERIZING A DRAMATIC Δ V ∼ –9 FLARE ON AN ULTRACOOL DWARF FOUND BY THE ASAS-SN SURVEY
journal, January 2014


The K ‐Band Galaxy Luminosity Function
journal, October 2001

  • Kochanek, C. S.; Pahre, M. A.; Falco, E. E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 560, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/322488

The Palomar Transient Factory: System Overview, Performance, and First Results
journal, December 2009

  • Law, Nicholas M.; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Dekany, Richard G.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 121, Issue 886
  • DOI: 10.1086/648598

The Cosmic Core-Collapse Supernova rate does not Match the Massive-Star Formation rate
journal, August 2011

  • Horiuchi, Shunsaku; Beacom, John F.; Kochanek, Christopher S.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 738, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/738/2/154

Early 56Ni decay gamma rays from SN2014J suggest an unusual explosion
journal, July 2014


The Calibration and Data Products of GALEX
journal, December 2007

  • Morrissey, Patrick; Conrow, Tim; Barlow, Tom A.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 173, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/520512

Six months of multiwavelength follow-up of the tidal disruption candidate ASASSN-14li and implied TDE rates from ASAS-SN
journal, November 2015

  • Holoien, T. W. -S.; Kochanek, C. S.; Prieto, J. L.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 455, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv2486

Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd
journal, August 2011


The La Silla-QUEST Low Redshift Supernova Survey
journal, June 2013

  • Baltay, Charles; Rabinowitz, David; Hadjiyska, Elena
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 125, Issue 928
  • DOI: 10.1086/671198

Cleaning the Usno-B Catalog Through Automatic Detection of Optical Artifacts
journal, December 2007


Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum
journal, September 2007

  • Blondin, Stephane; Tonry, John L.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 666, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/520494

The Sloan Digital sky Survey-Ii Supernova Survey: Technical Summary
journal, December 2007


THE TDE ASASSN-14li AND ITS HOST RESOLVED AT PARSEC SCALES WITH THE EVN
journal, November 2016

  • Romero-Cañizales, Cristina; Prieto, José L.; Chen, Xian
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 832, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8205/832/1/L10

MUSE REVEALS A RECENT MERGER IN THE POST-STARBURST HOST GALAXY OF THE TDE ASASSN-14li
journal, October 2016


Revealing the Supernova–Gamma-Ray Burst Connection with TeV Neutrinos
journal, August 2005


REVEALING TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA PHYSICS WITH COSMIC RATES AND NUCLEAR GAMMA RAYS
journal, October 2010


An Early Warning System for Asteroid Impact
journal, January 2011

  • Tonry, John L.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 123, Issue 899
  • DOI: 10.1086/657997

THE YOUNG AND BRIGHT TYPE IA SUPERNOVA ASASSN-14lp: DISCOVERY, EARLY-TIME OBSERVATIONS, FIRST-LIGHT TIME, DISTANCE TO NGC 4666, AND PROGENITOR CONSTRAINTS
journal, July 2016


Searching for soft relativistic jets in core-collapse supernovae with the IceCube optical follow-up program
journal, February 2012


ASASSN-15lh: A highly super-luminous supernova
journal, January 2016


The ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue – I. 2013–2014
journal, September 2016

  • Holoien, T. W. -S.; Stanek, K. Z.; Kochanek, C. S.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 464, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2273

The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (Wise): Mission Description and Initial On-Orbit Performance
journal, November 2010


ASASSN-15oi: a rapidly evolving, luminous tidal disruption event at 216 Mpc
journal, September 2016

  • Holoien, T. W. -S.; Kochanek, C. S.; Prieto, J. L.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 463, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2272

Survey of period variations of superhumps in SU UMa-type dwarf novae. V. The fifth year (2012–2013)
journal, April 2014

  • Kato, Taichi; Hambsch, Franz-Josef; Maehara, Hiroyuki
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 66, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psu014

Survey of period variations of superhumps in SU UMa-type dwarf novae. VII. The seventh year (2014–2015)
journal, October 2015

  • Kato, Taichi; Hambsch, Franz-Josef; Dubovsky, Pavol A.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 67, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psv072

Survey of period variations of superhumps in SU UMa-type dwarf novae. VIII. The eighth year (2015–2016)
journal, July 2016

  • Kato, Taichi; Hambsch, Franz-Josef; Monard, Berto
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 68, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psw064

The superluminous transient ASASSN-15lh as a tidal disruption event from a Kerr black hole
text, January 2016

  • Leloudas, G.; Fraser, Morgan; Stone, Nc
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.8873

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey: Technical Summary
text, January 2007


Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum
text, January 2007


First Results from the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey
text, January 2008


The Palomar Transient Factory: System Overview, Performance and First Results
text, January 2009


The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
text, January 2010


An Early Warning System for Asteroid Impact
text, January 2010


The Cosmic Core-collapse Supernova Rate does not match the Massive-Star Formation Rate
text, January 2011


Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
text, January 2013


ASASSN-14ae: A Tidal Disruption Event at 200 Mpc
text, January 2014


Hello Darkness My Old Friend: The Fading of the Nearby TDE ASASSN-14ae
text, January 2016


ASASSN-16ae: A Powerful White-Light Flare on an Early-L Dwarf
text, January 2016


The TDE ASASSN-14li and its host resolved at parsec scales with the EVN
text, January 2016


The K-Band Galaxy Luminosity Function
text, January 2000


Revealing the Supernova--Gamma-Ray Burst Connection with TeV Neutrinos
text, January 2005


Works referencing / citing this record:

Type Ia Supernova Cosmology
journal, March 2018


The extraplanar type II supernova ASASSN-14jb in the nearby edge-on galaxy ESO 467-G051
journal, September 2019


Strong gravitational lensing of explosive transients
journal, November 2019


First results from GeMS/GSAOI for project SUNBIRD: Supernovae UNmasked By Infra-Red Detection
journal, September 2017

  • Kool, E. C.; Ryder, S.; Kankare, E.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 473, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx2463

The Foundation Supernova Survey: motivation, design, implementation, and first data release
journal, December 2017

  • Foley, Ryan J.; Scolnic, Daniel; Rest, Armin
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 475, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx3136

The ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue – IV. 2017
journal, January 2019

  • Holoien, T. W-S; Brown, J. S.; Vallely, P. J.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz073

ASASSN-18tb: a most unusual Type Ia supernova observed by TESS and SALT
journal, May 2019

  • Vallely, P. J.; Fausnaugh, M.; Jha, S. W.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1445

The relative specific Type Ia supernovae rate from three years of ASAS-SN
journal, January 2019

  • Brown, J. S.; Stanek, K. Z.; Holoien, T. W-S
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz258

The ASAS-SN catalogue of variable stars – V. Variables in the Southern hemisphere
journal, September 2019

  • Jayasinghe, T.; Stanek, K. Z.; Kochanek, C. S.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 491, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2711

Probing the extragalactic fast transient sky at minute time-scales with DECam
journal, December 2019

  • Andreoni, I.; Cooke, J.; Webb, S.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 491, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz3381

The ASAS-SN catalogue of variable stars III: variables in the southern TESS continuous viewing zone
journal, February 2019

  • Jayasinghe, T.; Stanek, K. Z.; Kochanek, C. S.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz444

Gaia17biu/SN 2017egm in NGC 3191: The Closest Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernova to Date Is in a “Normal,” Massive, Metal-rich Spiral Galaxy
journal, January 2018


ASASSN-15nx: A Luminous Type II Supernova with a “Perfect” Linear Decline
journal, July 2018


The Ultraviolet Colors of Type Ia Supernovae and Their Photospheric Velocities
journal, October 2018

  • Brown, Peter J.; Perry, Jonathan M.; Beeny, Britton A.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae1ad

Should Type Ia Supernova Distances Be Corrected for Their Local Environments?
journal, November 2018


Measurement of the Core-collapse Progenitor Mass Distribution of the Small Magellanic Cloud
journal, January 2019

  • Auchettl, Katie; Lopez, Laura A.; Badenes, Carles
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaf395

The Largest M Dwarf Flares from ASAS-SN
journal, May 2019

  • Schmidt, Sarah J.; Shappee, Benjamin J.; van Saders, Jennifer L.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab148d

The Foundation Supernova Survey: Measuring Cosmological Parameters with Supernovae from a Single Telescope
journal, August 2019


A Comprehensive Analysis of Spitzer Supernovae
journal, April 2019

  • Szalai, Tamás; Zsíros, Szanna; Fox, Ori D.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 241, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab10df

Strongly Bipolar Inner Ejecta of the Normal Type IIP Supernova ASASSN-16at
journal, February 2019


ASAS-SN Discovery of 4880 Bright RR Lyrae Variable Stars
journal, January 2018

  • Jayasinghe, T.; Kochanek, C. S.; Stanek, K. Z.
  • Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 2, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2515-5172/aaaa20

ASAS-SN Identification of a Detached Eclipsing Binary System with a ∼ 7.3 Year Period
journal, July 2018

  • Jayasinghe, T.; Stanek, K. Z.; Kochanek, C. S.
  • Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 2, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.3847/2515-5172/aad287

The exoplanet handbook: Book Review
journal, March 2012


The Foundation Supernova Survey: Motivation, Design, Implementation, and First Data Release
text, January 2017


A Comprehensive Analysis of Spitzer Supernovae
text, January 2018


Measurement of the core-collapse progenitor mass distribution of the Small Magellanic Cloud
text, January 2018


The Ultraviolet Colors of Type Ia Supernovae and their Photospheric Velocities
text, January 2018


Strongly Bipolar Inner Ejecta of the Normal Type IIP Supernova ASASSN-16at
text, January 2018


ASASSN-18tb: A Most Unusual Type Ia Supernova Observed by TESS and SALT
text, January 2019


The ASAS-SN Catalog of Variable Stars V: Variables in the Southern Hemisphere
text, January 2019