Title: Six months of multiwavelength follow-up of the tidal disruption candidate ASASSN-14li and implied TDE rates from ASAS-SN

Journal Article · · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [11];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [12];  [6] more »;  [12];  [1];  [13];  [14];  [15] « less
  1. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Astronomy. Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP)
  2. Diego Portales Univ., Santiago (Chile). Dept. of Astronomy; Millennium Inst. of Astrophysics, Santiago (Chile)
  3. Peking Univ., Beijing (China). Kavli Inst. for Astronomy and Astrophysics
  4. Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA (United States)
  5. Morehead State Univ., Morehead, KY (United States). Dept. of Earth and Space Science
  6. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Astronomy
  7. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Astronomy; Grove City High School, OH (United States)
  8. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Astronomy. Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP). Dept. of Physics
  9. Liverpool John Moores Univ. (United Kingdom). Astrophysics Research Inst.
  10. Coral Towers Observatory, Cairns, QLD (Australia)
  11. Whipple Observatory, Amado, AZ (United States)
  12. Warsaw Univ. Astronomical Observatory (Poland)
  13. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  14. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Astronomy; Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). LBT Observatory
  15. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

In this paper, we present ground-based and Swift photometric and spectroscopic observations of the candidate tidal disruption event (TDE) ASASSN-14li, found at the centre of PGC 043234 (d ≃ 90 Mpc) by the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN). The source had a peak bolometric luminosity of L ≃ 1044 erg s-1 and a total integrated energy of E ≃ 7 × 1050 erg radiated over the ~6 months of observations presented. The UV/optical emission of the source is well fitted by a blackbody with roughly constant temperature of T ~ 35 000 K, while the luminosity declines by roughly a factor of 16 over this time. The optical/UV luminosity decline is broadly consistent with an exponential decline, L∝e-t/t0, with t0 ≃ 60 d. ASASSN-14li also exhibits soft X-ray emission comparable in luminosity to the optical and UV emission but declining at a slower rate, and the X-ray emission now dominates. Spectra of the source show broad Balmer and helium lines in emission as well as strong blue continuum emission at all epochs. Finally, we use the discoveries of ASASSN-14li and ASASSN-14ae to estimate the TDE rate implied by ASAS-SN, finding an average rate of r ≃ 4.1 × 10-5 yr-1 per galaxy with a 90 per cent confidence interval of (2.2–17.0) × 10-5 yr-1 per galaxy. ASAS-SN found roughly 1 TDE for every 70 Type Ia supernovae in 2014, a rate that is much higher than that of other surveys.

Research Organization:
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Contributing Organization:
Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States); Liverpool John Moores Univ. (United Kingdom); Morehead State Univ., Morehead, KY (United States); Peking Univ., Beijing (China); Diego Portales Univ., Santiago (Chile)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-06NA25396; FG02-97ER25308
OSTI ID:
1329874
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-15-24845
Journal Information:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 455; ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (86)

The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope journal October 2005
The Swift X-Ray Telescope journal October 2005
Optical Flares from the Tidal Disruption of Stars by Massive Black Holes journal August 2009
Tidal disruption of stars by black holes of 106–108 solar masses in nearby galaxies journal June 1988
Cosmic merger mania journal August 1989
Birth of a relativistic outflow in the unusual γ-ray transient Swift J164449.3+573451 journal August 2011
Relativistic jet activity from the tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole journal August 2011
An ultraviolet–optical flare from the tidal disruption of a helium-rich stellar core journal May 2012
Rates of tidal disruption of stars by massive central black holes journal October 1999
Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003 journal October 2003
The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections journal September 2005
The nature of the central parsec of the Galaxy journal November 1982
The aftermath of tidal disruption: The dynamics of thin gas streams journal February 1994
The FIRST Survey: Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters journal September 1995
The determination of ultraviolet extinction from the optical and near-infrared journal June 1988
The tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole journal November 1989
Optical Appearance of the Debris of a Star Disrupted by a Massive Black Hole journal November 1997
Flares from the Tidal Disruption of Stars by Massive Black Holes journal March 1999
The FAST Spectrograph for the Tillinghast Telescope
  • Fabricant, Daniel; Cheimets, Peter; Caldwell, Nelson
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 110, Issue 743 https://doi.org/10.1086/316111
journal January 1998
Radio Properties of Infrared‐Selected Galaxies in the IRAS 2 Jy Sample journal June 2001
A Correlation between Galaxy Light Concentration and Supermassive Black Hole Mass journal December 2001
Central Masses and Broad‐Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Homogeneous Analysis of a Large Reverberation‐Mapping Database journal October 2004
The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) journal February 2006
UV/Optical Detections of Candidate Tidal Disruption Events by GALEX and CFHTLS journal April 2008
Exploring the Optical Transient Sky with the Palomar Transient Factory
  • Rau, Arne; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Law, Nicholas M.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 121, Issue 886 https://doi.org/10.1086/605911
journal December 2009
The Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph
  • Martini, Paul; Stoll, Rebecca; Derwent, M. A.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 123, Issue 900 https://doi.org/10.1086/658357
journal February 2011
IMACS: The Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph on Magellan-Baade
  • Dressler, Alan; Bigelow, Bruce; Hare, Tyson
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 123, Issue 901 https://doi.org/10.1086/658908
journal March 2011
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
  • Brown, T. M.; Baliber, N.; Bianco, F. B.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 125, Issue 931 https://doi.org/10.1086/673168
journal September 2013
Cleaning the Usno-B Catalog Through Automatic Detection of Optical Artifacts journal December 2007
The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (Wise): Mission Description and Initial On-Orbit Performance journal November 2010
THE EXCEPTIONALLY LUMINOUS TYPE II-LINEAR SUPERNOVA 2008es journal December 2008
Systematic Uncertainties in Black hole Masses Determined from Single-Epoch Spectra journal February 2009
Luminous Thermal Flares from Quiescent Supermassive Black Holes journal May 2009
AN ULTRA-DEEP NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM OF A COMPACT QUIESCENT GALAXY AT z = 2.2 journal July 2009
Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd journal August 2011
Optical Discovery of Probable Stellar Tidal Disruption Flares journal October 2011
Swift J2058.4+0516: Discovery of a Possible Second Relativistic Tidal Disruption Flare? journal June 2012
Revisiting the Scaling Relations of Black hole Masses and host Galaxy Properties journal February 2013
SUPER-LUMINOUS TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE: CATCHING A MAGNETAR BY THE TAIL journal June 2013
MID-INFRARED SELECTION OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI WITH THE WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER . II. PROPERTIES OF WISE -SELECTED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE NDWFS BOÖTES FIELD journal July 2013
THE ULTRAVIOLET-BRIGHT, SLOWLY DECLINING TRANSIENT PS1-11af AS A PARTIAL TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENT journal December 2013
A Tidal Disruption Event in a Nearby Galaxy Hosting an Intermediate mass Black hole journal January 2014
PS1-10jh: THE DISRUPTION OF A MAIN-SEQUENCE STAR OF NEAR-SOLAR COMPOSITION journal February 2014
CLUES TO THE NATURE OF SN 2009ip FROM PHOTOMETRIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC EVOLUTION TO LATE TIMES journal May 2014
The man Behind the Curtain: X-Rays Drive the uv Through nir Variability in the 2013 Active Galactic Nucleus Outburst in ngc 2617 journal May 2014
Measurement of the rate of Stellar Tidal Disruption Flares journal August 2014
A CONTINUUM OF H- TO He-RICH TIDAL DISRUPTION CANDIDATES WITH A PREFERENCE FOR E+A GALAXIES journal September 2014
General Relativistic Hydrodynamic Simulation of Accretion flow from a Stellar Tidal Disruption journal May 2015
A dark year for Tidal Disruption Events journal August 2015
RECONSIDERING THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL STAR FORMATION ON TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA COSMOLOGY journal October 2015
The Ninth data Release of the Sloan Digital sky Survey: First Spectroscopic data from the Sdss-Iii Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey journal November 2012
A Catalog of Bulge, Disk, and Total Stellar mass Estimates for the Sloan Digital sky Survey journal December 2013
Black hole demography: from scaling relations to models journal November 2013
SUPERNOVA 2009kf: AN ULTRAVIOLET BRIGHT TYPE IIP SUPERNOVA DISCOVERED WITH PAN-STARRS 1 AND GALEX journal June 2010
CHARACTERIZING A DRAMATIC Δ V ∼ –9 FLARE ON AN ULTRACOOL DWARF FOUND BY THE ASAS-SN SURVEY journal January 2014
DISCOVERY AND OBSERVATIONS OF ASASSN-13db, AN EX LUPI-TYPE ACCRETION EVENT ON A LOW-MASS T TAURI STAR journal April 2014
ASASSN-14ae: a tidal disruption event at 200 Mpc journal October 2014
Hδ-Strong Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: I. The Catalog journal August 2003
Survey of period variations of superhumps in SU UMa-type dwarf novae. VI. The sixth year (2013–2014) journal October 2014
Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT journal December 2007
Optical flares from the tidal disruption of stars by massive black holes: Optical signatures of tidally disrupted stars journal December 2009
Multiband light curves of tidal disruption events: Tidal disruption events journal September 2010
Nearby supernova rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search - II. The observed luminosity functions and fractions of supernovae in a complete sample: Nearby supernova rates from LOSS - II journal March 2011
PTF10iya: a short-lived, luminous flare from the nuclear region of a star-forming galaxy: PTF10iya: a short-lived, luminous flare journal January 2012
The multi-object double spectrographs for the Large Binocular Telescope conference July 2010
An Extremely Luminous Panchromatic Outburst from the Nucleus of a Distant Galaxy journal June 2011
A Possible Relativistic Jetted Outburst from a Massive Black Hole Fed by a Tidally Disrupted Star journal June 2011
UV/Optical Detections of Candidate Tidal Disruption Events by GALEX and CFHTLS text January 2007
Systematic Uncertainties in Black Hole Masses Determined from Single Epoch Spectra text January 2008
The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance text January 2010
An extremely luminous panchromatic outburst from the nucleus of a distant galaxy text January 2011
Super Luminous Ic Supernovae: catching a magnetar by the tail text January 2013
Black Hole Demography: From scaling relations to models text January 2013
A catalog of bulge, disk, and total stellar mass estimates for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey text January 2013
A Tidal Disruption Event in a Nearby Galaxy Hosting an Intermediate Mass Black Hole text January 2013
ASASSN-14ae: A Tidal Disruption Event at 200 Mpc text January 2014
General Relativistic Hydrodynamic Simulation of Accretion Flow from a Stellar Tidal Disruption text January 2015
A Dark Year for Tidal Disruption Events text January 2015
Radio Properties of Infrared Selected Galaxies in the IRAS 2 Jy Sample text January 2001
A Correlation between Galaxy Light Concentration and Supermassive Black Hole Mass text January 2001
Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003 text January 2003
Central Masses and Broad-Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Homogeneous Analysis of a Large Reverberation-Mapping Database text January 2004
The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections text January 2005
The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope text January 2005
The Swift X-ray Telescope text January 2005
Optical Appearance of the Debris of a Star Disrupted by a Massive Black Hole text January 1997

Cited By (94)

A tidal disruption event in the nearby ultra-luminous infrared galaxy F01004-2237 journal March 2017
A new class of flares from accreting supermassive black holes journal January 2019
XMMSL1 J074008.2-853927: a tidal disruption event with thermal and non-thermal components journal January 2017
The supermassive black hole coincident with the luminous transient ASASSN-15lh journal February 2018
The All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) Light Curve Server v1.0 journal August 2017
Tidal disruption event demographics journal May 2016
ASASSN-15oi: a rapidly evolving, luminous tidal disruption event at 216 Mpc journal September 2016
Magnetohydrodynamical simulations of a deep tidal disruption in general relativity journal March 2016
The Dark Energy Survey: more than dark energy – an overview journal March 2016
Tidal disruptions by rotating black holes: relativistic hydrodynamics with Newtonian codes journal May 2017
The ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue – III. 2016 journal August 2017
Spectral features of tidal disruption candidates and alternative origins for such transient flares journal November 2017
Stellar disruption events support the existence of the black hole event horizon journal March 2017
Long-term radio and X-ray evolution of the tidal disruption event ASASSN-14li journal January 2018
An overabundance of black hole X-ray binaries in the Galactic Centre from tidal captures journal May 2018
Gaia transients in galactic nuclei journal August 2018
The unusual late-time evolution of the tidal disruption event ASASSN-15oi journal August 2018
Streams collision as possible precursor of double tidal disruption events journal January 2019
The ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue – IV. 2017 journal January 2019
PS1-13cbe: the rapid transition of a Seyfert 2 to a Seyfert 1 journal June 2019
Radio emission from the unbound debris of tidal disruption events journal June 2019
Black hole masses of tidal disruption event host galaxies II journal June 2019
The tidal disruption event AT2017eqx: spectroscopic evolution from hydrogen rich to poor suggests an atmosphere and outflow journal July 2019
Evidence for rapid disc formation and reprocessing in the X-ray bright tidal disruption event candidate AT 2018fyk journal July 2019
Optical follow-up of the tidal disruption event iPTF16fnl: new insights from X-shooter observations journal July 2019
The relative specific Type Ia supernovae rate from three years of ASAS-SN journal January 2019
The ASAS-SN catalogue of variable stars – V. Variables in the Southern hemisphere journal September 2019
Self-intersection of the fallback stream in tidal disruption events journal December 2019
The ASAS-SN catalogue of variable stars III: variables in the southern TESS continuous viewing zone journal February 2019
Tidal disruption jets of supermassive black holes as hidden sources of cosmic rays: Explaining the IceCube TeV-PeV neutrinos journal April 2016
High energy neutrinos from the tidal disruption of stars journal June 2017
A loud quasi-periodic oscillation after a star is disrupted by a massive black hole journal January 2019
The supermassive black hole coincident with the luminous transient ASASSN-15lh text January 2018
High Energy Neutrinos from the Tidal Disruption of Stars text January 2016
The X-Ray Through Optical Fluxes and line Strengths of Tidal Disruption Events journal August 2016
The Post-starburst Evolution of Tidal Disruption Event Host Galaxies journal January 2017
X-Rays from the Location of the Double-humped Transient ASASSN-15lh journal February 2017
New Physical Insights about Tidal Disruption Events from a Comprehensive Observational Inventory at X-Ray Wavelengths journal April 2017
Revisiting Optical Tidal Disruption Events with iPTF16axa journal June 2017
iPTF16fnl: A Faint and Fast Tidal Disruption Event in an E+A Galaxy journal July 2017
PS16dtm: A Tidal Disruption Event in a Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy journal July 2017
Periodic Accretion-powered Flares from Colliding EMRIs as TDE Imposters journal July 2017
On the Mass and Luminosity Functions of Tidal Disruption Flares: Rate Suppression due to Black Hole Event Horizons journal January 2018
A Comparison of the X-Ray Emission from Tidal Disruption Events with those of Active Galactic Nuclei journal January 2018
Gaia17biu/SN 2017egm in NGC 3191: The Closest Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernova to Date Is in a “Normal,” Massive, Metal-rich Spiral Galaxy journal January 2018
A Dependence of the Tidal Disruption Event Rate on Global Stellar Surface Mass Density and Stellar Velocity Dispersion journal January 2018
What Sets the Line Profiles in Tidal Disruption Events? journal March 2018
Discovery of a Time Lag between the Soft X-Ray and Radio Emission of the Tidal Disruption Flare ASASSN-14li: Evidence for Linear Disk–Jet Coupling journal March 2018
Tidal Disruptions of Main-sequence Stars of Varying Mass and Age: Inferences from the Composition of the Fallback Material journal April 2018
A Candidate Tidal Disruption Event in a Quasar at z = 2.359 from Abundance Ratio Variability journal May 2018
ASASSN-15nx: A Luminous Type II Supernova with a “Perfect” Linear Decline journal July 2018
On the Missing Energy Puzzle of Tidal Disruption Events journal September 2018
A Luminous Transient Event in a Sample of WISE -selected Variable AGNs journal October 2018
Revealing Dusty Supernovae in High-redshift (Ultra)Luminous Infrared Galaxies through Near-infrared Integrated Light Variability journal October 2018
Weighing Black Holes Using Tidal Disruption Events journal February 2019
The Broad Absorption Line Tidal Disruption Event iPTF15af: Optical and Ultraviolet Evolution journal March 2019
Rapid “Turn-on” of Type-1 AGN in a Quiescent Early-type Galaxy SDSS1115+0544 journal March 2019
The Largest M Dwarf Flares from ASAS-SN journal May 2019
Late-time UV Observations of Tidal Disruption Flares Reveal Unobscured, Compact Accretion Disks journal June 2019
Discovery of Highly Blueshifted Broad Balmer and Metastable Helium Absorption Lines in a Tidal Disruption Event journal July 2019
PS18kh: A New Tidal Disruption Event with a Non-axisymmetric Accretion Disk journal August 2019
A New Class of Changing-look LINERs journal September 2019
Discovery and Early Evolution of ASASSN-19bt, the First TDE Detected by TESS journal September 2019
Probing the Bardeen–Petterson Effect in Tidal Disruption Events with Spectral line Reverberation Mapping journal October 2019
Neutrino Emissions from Tidal Disruption Remnants journal November 2019
The Spectral Evolution of AT 2018dyb and the Presence of Metal Lines in Tidal Disruption Events journal December 2019
Implications from Late-time X-Ray Detections of Optically Selected Tidal Disruption Events: State Changes, Unification, and Detection Rates journal February 2020
Sifting for Sapphires: Systematic Selection of Tidal Disruption Events in iPTF journal September 2018
Tidal Disruption Events Prefer Unusual host Galaxies journal February 2016
An Enhanced rate of Tidal Disruptions in the Centrally Overdense e+a Galaxy ngc 3156 journal June 2016
MUSE REVEALS A RECENT MERGER IN THE POST-STARBURST HOST GALAXY OF THE TDE ASASSN-14li journal October 2016
A Unified Model for Tidal Disruption Events journal May 2018
Tidal Disruption Events Prefer Unusual Host Galaxies text January 2016
The Post-Starburst Evolution of Tidal Disruption Event Host Galaxies text January 2016
XMMSL1 J074008.2-853927: a tidal disruption event with thermal and non-thermal components text January 2016
New physical insights about Tidal Disruption Events from a comprehensive observational inventory at X-ray wavelengths text January 2016
A tidal disruption event in the nearby ultra-luminous infrared galaxy F01004-2237 preprint January 2017
iPTF16fnl: a faint and fast tidal disruption event in an E+A galaxy text January 2017
Revisiting optical tidal disruption events with iPTF16axa text January 2017
PS16dtm: A Tidal Disruption Event in a Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy text January 2017
A dependence of the tidal disruption event rate on global stellar surface mass density and stellar velocity dispersion text January 2017
On the mass and luminosity functions of tidal disruption flares: rate suppression due to black hole event horizons text January 2017
Discovery of a time lag between the soft X-ray and radio emission of the tidal disruption flare ASASSN-14li: Evidence for linear disk-jet coupling text January 2017
Streams collision as possible precursor of double tidal disruption events text January 2018
A Luminous Transient Event in a Sample of WISE-Selected Variable AGN text January 2018
Late-time UV observations of tidal disruption flares reveal unobscured, compact accretion disks text January 2018
The Broad Absorption Line Tidal Disruption Event iPTF15af: Optical and Ultraviolet Evolution text January 2018
The ASAS-SN Catalog of Variable Stars III: Variables in the Southern TESS Continuous Viewing Zone text January 2019
The spectral evolution of AT 2018dyb and the presence of metal lines in tidal disruption events text January 2019
Discovery of Highly Blueshifted Broad Balmer and Metastable Helium Absorption Lines in a Tidal Disruption Event text January 2019
Evidence for rapid disk formation and reprocessing in the X-ray bright tidal disruption event AT 2018fyk text January 2019
The ASAS-SN Catalog of Variable Stars V: Variables in the Southern Hemisphere text January 2019
Optical follow-up of the tidal disruption event iPTF16fnl: new insights from X-shooter observations text January 2019
Neutrino Emissions from Tidal Disruption Remnants text January 2019

Similar Records

The Long Term Evolution of ASASSN-14li
Journal Article · 2017 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1535670
+5 more
Discovery and follow-up of ASASSN-19dj: an X-ray and UV luminous TDE in an extreme post-starburst galaxy
Journal Article · 2020 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1853054
+28 more
The Rise and Fall of ASASSN-18pg: Following a TDE from Early to Late Times
Journal Article · 2020 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online) · OSTI ID:1803691
+30 more

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
accretion
accretion discs
astronomy and astrophysics
black hole physics
galaxies
nuclei