Extracting interface locations in multilayer polymer waveguide films using scanning angle Raman spectroscopy

Bobbitt, Jonathan M.; Smith, Emily A.

doi:10.1002/jrs.5275

Title: Extracting interface locations in multilayer polymer waveguide films using scanning angle Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

There is an increasing demand for nondestructive in situ techniques that measure chemical content, total thickness, and interface locations for multilayer polymer films, and SA Raman spectroscopy in combination with appropriate data models can provide this information. A scanning angle (SA) Raman spectroscopy method was developed to measure the chemical composition of multilayer polymer waveguide films and to extract the location of buried interfaces between polymer layers with 7–80-nm axial spatial resolution. The SA Raman method measures Raman spectra as the incident angle of light upon a prism-coupled thin film is scanned. Six multilayer films consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared with total thicknesses ranging from 330-1260 nm. The interface locations were varied by altering the individual layer thicknesses between 140-680 nm. The Raman amplitude ratio of the 1605 cm^-1 peak for PS and 812 cm^-1 peak for PMMA was used in calculations of the electric field intensity within the polymer layers to model the SA Raman data and extract the total thickness and interface locations. There is an average 8% and 7% difference in the measured thickness between the SA Raman and profilometry measurements for bilayer and trilayer films, respectively.

Authors:

Bobbitt, Jonathan M. ^[1];

^[1]

Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1413139

Report Number(s):: IS-J-9334
Journal ID: ISSN 0377-0486; TRN: US1800415

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11358

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 49; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0377-0486

Publisher:: Wiley

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Vibrational spectroscopy; Thin film analysis; Polymer polymer interface; Bilayer and trilayer polymer films

Citation Formats


                    Bobbitt, Jonathan M., and Smith, Emily A. Extracting interface locations in multilayer polymer waveguide films using scanning angle Raman spectroscopy.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/jrs.5275.

Copy to clipboard


                    Bobbitt, Jonathan M., & Smith, Emily A. Extracting interface locations in multilayer polymer waveguide films using scanning angle Raman spectroscopy.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5275

Copy to clipboard


                    Bobbitt, Jonathan M., and Smith, Emily A. Thu .  
"Extracting interface locations in multilayer polymer waveguide films using scanning angle Raman spectroscopy".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5275.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1413139.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1413139,

  title        = {Extracting interface locations in multilayer polymer waveguide films using scanning angle Raman spectroscopy},

  author       = {Bobbitt, Jonathan M. and Smith, Emily A.},

  abstractNote = {There is an increasing demand for nondestructive in situ techniques that measure chemical content, total thickness, and interface locations for multilayer polymer films, and SA Raman spectroscopy in combination with appropriate data models can provide this information. A scanning angle (SA) Raman spectroscopy method was developed to measure the chemical composition of multilayer polymer waveguide films and to extract the location of buried interfaces between polymer layers with 7–80-nm axial spatial resolution. The SA Raman method measures Raman spectra as the incident angle of light upon a prism-coupled thin film is scanned. Six multilayer films consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared with total thicknesses ranging from 330-1260 nm. The interface locations were varied by altering the individual layer thicknesses between 140-680 nm. The Raman amplitude ratio of the 1605 cm-1 peak for PS and 812 cm-1 peak for PMMA was used in calculations of the electric field intensity within the polymer layers to model the SA Raman data and extract the total thickness and interface locations. There is an average 8% and 7% difference in the measured thickness between the SA Raman and profilometry measurements for bilayer and trilayer films, respectively.},

  doi          = {10.1002/jrs.5275},

  journal      = {Journal of Raman Spectroscopy},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 49,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Thu Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5275

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 6 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Analysis of the dispersion of optical plastic materials
journal, July 2007

Kasarova, Stefka Nikolova; Sultanova, Nina Georgieva; Ivanov, Christo Dimitrov
Optical Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 11, p. 1481-1490
DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2006.07.010

Scanning angle Raman spectroscopy measurements of thin polymer films for thickness and composition analyses
journal, March 2013

Meyer, Matthew W.; Nguyen, Vy H. T.; Smith, Emily A.
Vibrational Spectroscopy, Vol. 65
DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2012.11.020

Stability and structure evolution in PMMA/SAN bilayer films upon solvent annealing
journal, December 2016

Yang, Qiucheng; Zhu, Yu; You, Jichun
Colloid and Polymer Science, Vol. 295, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s00396-016-3994-4

Surface mixing morphology in bilayer-polymer films
journal, May 1998

Lee, Won-Ki; Ryou, Jin-Ho; Cho, Won-Jei
Polymer Testing, Vol. 17, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/S0142-9418(97)00033-0

Plasmon Waveguide Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
journal, September 2012

McKee, Kristopher J.; Meyer, Matthew W.; Smith, Emily A.
Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 84, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1021/ac3013972

Thickness measurement of thin polymer films by total internal reflection Raman and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy
journal, July 2012

Kivioja, Antti O.; Jääskeläinen, Anna-Stiina; Ahtee, Ville
Vibrational Spectroscopy, Vol. 61
DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2012.02.014

Variable-angle internal-reflection Raman spectroscopy for depth-resolved vibrational characterization of polymer thin films
journal, February 1998

Fontaine, N. H.; Furtak, T. E.
Physical Review B, Vol. 57, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.57.3807

Engineered hydrogen-bonded polymer multilayers: from assembly to biomedical applications
journal, January 2011

Such, Georgina K.; Johnston, Angus P. R.; Caruso, Frank
Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 40, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1039/C0CS00001A

Environmental assessment of a multilayer polymer bag for food packaging and preservation: An LCA approach
journal, August 2014

Siracusa, Valentina; Ingrao, Carlo; Lo Giudice, Agata
Food Research International, Vol. 62
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.02.010

Spectroscopic studies of thin film polymer laminates using Raman spectroscopy and integrated optics
journal, December 1981

Rabolt, J. F.; Schlotter, N. E.; Swalen, J. D.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 85, Issue 26
DOI: 10.1021/j150626a038

Advanced materials and processes for polymer solar cell devices
journal, January 2010

Helgesen, Martin; Søndergaard, Roar; Krebs, Frederik C.
J. Mater. Chem., Vol. 20, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1039/B913168J

Development of a scanning angle total internal reflection Raman spectrometer
journal, April 2010

McKee, Kristopher J.; Smith, Emily A.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1063/1.3378682

Interfacial Engineering for Enhanced Light Absorption and Charge Transfer of a Solution-Processed Bulk Heterojunction Based on Heptazole as a Small Molecule Type of Donor
journal, March 2016

Lim, Iseul; Bui, Hoa Thi; Shrestha, Nabeen K.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12614

Partition and diffusion of volatile compounds from acrylic adhesives used for food packaging multilayers manufacturing
journal, January 2010

Canellas, Elena; Aznar, Margarita; Nerín, Cristina
Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00514b

Hydrogen-Bonded Hybrid Multilayers: Film Architecture Controls Release of Macromolecules
journal, November 2008

Erel-Unal, Irem; Sukhishvili, Svetlana A.
Macromolecules, Vol. 41, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1021/ma8013564

Dynamics of Layer-by-Layer Growth of a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Studied in Situ Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy
journal, September 2014

Owusu-Nkwantabisah, Silas; Gammana, Madhira; Tripp, Carl P.
Langmuir, Vol. 30, Issue 39
DOI: 10.1021/la5031558

Suppression of Roughness Replication in Bilayer Films Prepared by Spin-Coating
journal, January 2000

Müller-Buschbaum, P.; Gutmann, J. S.; Kraus, J.
Macromolecules, Vol. 33, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1021/ma9902551

Near IR Scanning Angle Total Internal Reflection Raman Spectroscopy at Smooth Gold Films
journal, April 2012

McKee, Kristopher J.; Meyer, Matthew W.; Smith, Emily A.
Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 84, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1021/ac203355a

Characterization of a polyethylene–polyamide multilayer film using nanoscale infrared spectroscopy and imaging
journal, January 2016

Kelchtermans, Mauritz; Lo, Michael; Dillon, Eoghan
Vibrational Spectroscopy, Vol. 82
DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2015.11.004

Scanning Angle Plasmon Waveguide Resonance Raman Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Thin Polystyrene Films
journal, November 2012

Meyer, Matthew W.; McKee, Kristopher J.; Nguyen, Vy H. T.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 47
DOI: 10.1021/jp308882w

Active pseudo-multilayered films from polycaprolactone and starch based matrix for food-packaging applications
journal, June 2013

Alix, Sébastien; Mahieu, Angélique; Terrie, Caroline
European Polymer Journal, Vol. 49, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.03.016

Characterization of multilayer polymer structures by micro-raman and micro-FTIR spectroscopies
journal, March 1992

Jawhari, T.; Pastor, J. M.
Journal of Molecular Structure, Vol. 266
DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(92)80067-R

Covalent Cross-Linked Polymer/Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Multilayer Films
journal, April 2005

Qin, Shuhui; Qin, Dongqi; Ford, Warren T.
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1021/cm048239s

Confocal Raman Microscopy: Why the Depth Resolution and Spatial Accuracy Can Be Much Worse Than You Think
journal, October 2000

Everall, Neil J.
Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 54, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1366/0003702001948439

Zwitter-Wettability and Antifogging Coatings with Frost-Resisting Capabilities
journal, February 2013

Lee, Hyomin; Alcaraz, Maria L.; Rubner, Michael F.
ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1021/nn3057966

Multi-layered mirrors fabricated by spin-coating organic polymers
journal, February 2007

Komikado, Toshiyuki; Inoue, Azusa; Masuda, Koichi
Thin Solid Films, Vol. 515, Issue 7-8
DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.10.119

AFM–IR: Combining Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy for Nanoscale Chemical Characterization
journal, December 2012

Dazzi, Alexandre; Prater, Craig B.; Hu, Qichi
Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 66, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1366/12-06804

2,2′-Bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole)-Based π-Conjugated Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaics with Exceeding 8% and Its Molecular Weight Dependence of Device Performance
journal, January 2017

Fukuta, Seijiro; Seo, Jooyeok; Lee, Hoyeol
Macromolecules, Vol. 50, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02475

Multilayer polymer light guides integrated with refractive microlenses and liquid by micromolding and inkjet printing
journal, June 2016

Chen, Chin-Tai; Tsai, Tzung-Wei
Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol. 244
DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2016.04.039

Instabilities of PS/PMMA Bilayer Patterns with a Corrugated Surface and Interface
journal, February 2012

Zhang, Zheng; Ahn, Dae Up; Ding, Yifu
Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1021/ma2026836

Deformable Antireflection Coatings from Polymer and Nanoparticle Multilayers
journal, October 2006

Wu, Z.; Walish, J.; Nolte, A.
Advanced Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 20
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200601438

Scanning Angle Raman Spectroscopy of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Films on Indium Tin Oxide, Gold, and Sapphire Surfaces
journal, August 2013

Meyer, Matthew W.; Larson, Kelsey L.; Mahadevapuram, Rakesh C.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 5, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1021/am4023225

High angular-resolution automated visible-wavelength scanning angle Raman microscopy
journal, October 2014

Lesoine, Michael D.; Bobbitt, Jonathan M.; Zhu, Shaobin
Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 848
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.040

Photovoltaic Cells Based on Sequentially Adsorbed Multilayers of Conjugated Poly( p -phenylene ethynylene)s and a Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivative ^†
journal, October 2005

Mwaura, Jeremiah K.; Pinto, Mauricio R.; Witker, David
Langmuir, Vol. 21, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1021/la050599m

Degradation Patterns in Water and Oxygen of an Inverted Polymer Solar Cell
journal, December 2010

Norrman, Kion; Madsen, Morten V.; Gevorgyan, Suren A.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 47
DOI: 10.1021/ja106299g

Applications of AFM-IR—Diverse Chemical Composition Analyses at Nanoscale Spatial Resolution
journal, November 2012

Marcott, Curtis; Lo, Michael; Kjoller, Kevin
Microscopy Today, Vol. 20, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1017/S1551929512000776

Wedging Transfer of Nanostructures
journal, May 2010

Schneider, Grégory F.; Calado, Victor E.; Zandbergen, Henny
Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1021/nl1008037

Methodology for Quantitative Measurements of Multilayer Polymer Thin Films with IR Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
journal, July 2009

Kang, Shuhui; Prabhu, Vivek M.; Soles, Christopher L.
Macromolecules, Vol. 42, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1021/ma900707p

Polymer electrolyte bilayer films with photorechargeable battery characteristics
journal, November 1996

Fujinami, T.
Solid State Ionics, Vol. 92, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-2738(96)00474-2

A Hybrid Tandem Solar Cell Combining a Dye-Sensitized and a Polymer Solar Cell
journal, June 2016

Shao, Zhipeng; Chen, Shuanghong; Zhang, Xuhui
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 16, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.12063

Raman scattering of thin films as a waveguide
journal, May 1974

Levy, Y.; Imbert, C.; Cipriani, J.
Optics Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0030-4018(74)90336-8

Efficient Tandem Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated by All-Solution Processing
journal, July 2007

Kim, Jin Young; Lee, Kwanghee; Coates, Nelson E.
Science, Vol. 317, Issue 5835, p. 222-225
DOI: 10.1126/science.1141711

Application of scanning angle Raman spectroscopy for determining the location of buried polymer interfaces with tens of nanometer precision
journal, January 2015

Damin, Craig A.; Nguyen, Vy H. T.; Niyibizi, Auguste S.
The Analyst, Vol. 140, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1039/C4AN02240H

Raman Spectroscopy of Thin Polymer Films Using Integrated Optical Techniques
journal, November 1979

Rabolt, J. F.; Santo, R.; Swalen, J. D.
Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 33, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1366/0003702794925101

Efficient bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells using small-molecular-weight organic thin films
journal, September 2003

Peumans, Peter; Uchida, Soichi; Forrest, Stephen R.
Nature, Vol. 425, Issue 6954
DOI: 10.1038/nature01949

Scanning angle Raman spectroscopy: A nondestructive method for simultaneously determining mixed polymer fractional composition and film thickness
journal, December 2016

Bobbitt, Jonathan M.; Mendivelso-Pérez, Deyny; Smith, Emily A.
Polymer, Vol. 107
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.063

Analysis of Thin-Film Polymers Using Attenuated Total Internal Reflection–Raman Microspectroscopy
journal, February 2015

Tran, Willie; Tisinger, Louis G.; Lavalle, Luis E.
Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 69, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1366/13-07024

Tandem polymer solar cells featuring a spectrally matched low-bandgap polymer
journal, February 2012

Dou, Letian; You, Jingbi; Yang, Jun
Nature Photonics, Vol. 6, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2011.356

In Situ ATR FTIR Spectroscopic Study of the Formation and Hydration of a Fucoidan/Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Multilayer
journal, October 2015

Ho, Tracey T. M.; Bremmell, Kristen E.; Krasowska, Marta
Langmuir, Vol. 31, Issue 41
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01812

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Optical-based spectroscopic methods for measuring chemical, optical, and physical properties of thin polymer waveguide films

Thesis/Dissertation Bobbitt, Jonathan

Non-destructive optical-based spectroscopic methods are needed for analyzing “real world” devices that consist of thin polymer waveguide films. Many applications (e.g., sensors, microelectronics, optics, and biomedical applications, etc.) utilize thin polymer waveguide films, and non-destructive characterization methods based on Fourier transform (FT)-plasmon waveguide spectroscopy (PWR) and scanning angle (SA) Raman spectroscopy are used to extract optical, physical, and chemical properties simultaneously. The FT-PWR method measures reflected light at polymer waveguide interface as both the incident frequency (wavelength) and incident angle are scanned. This method uses p- and s-polarized light to simultaneously extract the polymer waveguide thickness and apparent anisotropic indicesmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/1417984

Full Text Available
Scanning angle Raman spectroscopy: A nondestructive method for simultaneously determining mixed polymer fractional composition and film thickness

Journal Article Bobbitt, Jonathan M. ; Mendivelso-Pérez, Deyny ; Smith, Emily A. - Polymer

A scanning angle (SA) Raman spectroscopy method was developed to simultaneously measure the chemical composition and thickness of waveguide mixed polymer films with varying fractional compositions. In order to test the method, six films of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate), some mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate) homopolymer (PS-b-PMMA:PMMA), and two films of poly(2-vinylnapthalene)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (P2VN-b-PMMA) were prepared. The film thickness ranged from 495 to 971 nm. The chemical composition and thickness of PS-b-PMMA:PMMA films was varied by the addition of the PMMA homopolymer and annealing the films in toluene. SA Raman peak amplitude ratios (1001 cm^-1 for PS, 812 cm^-1 for PMMA, and 1388more »« less
Cited by 7
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.063

Full Text Available
Application of scanning angle Raman spectroscopy for determining the location of buried polymer interfaces with tens of nanometer precision

Journal Article Damin, Craig A. ; Nguyen, Vy H. T. ; Niyibizi, Auguste S. ; ... - Analyst

In this study, near-infrared scanning angle (SA) Raman spectroscopy was utilized to determine the interface location in bilayer films (a stack of two polymer layers) of polystyrene (PS) and polycarbonate (PC). Finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) calculations of the sum square electric field (SSEF) for films with total bilayer thicknesses of 1200–3600 nm were used to construct models for simultaneously measuring the film thickness and the location of the buried interface between the PS and PC layers. Samples with total thicknesses of 1320, 1890, 2300, and 2750 nm and varying PS/PC interface locations were analyzed using SA Raman spectroscopy. Comparing SA Raman spectroscopymore »« less
Cited by 7
https://doi.org/10.1039/C4AN02240H

Full Text Available
Free-standing metal–organic framework (MOF) monolayers by self-assembly of polymer-grafted nanoparticles

Journal Article Barcus, Kyle ; Cohen, Seth M. - Chemical Science

We report a general method for the synthesis of free-standing, self-assembled MOF monolayers (SAMMs) at an air–water interface using polymer-brush coated MOF nanoparticles. UiO-66, UiO-66-NH₂, and MIL-88B-NH₂ were functionalized with a catechol-bound chain-transfer agent (CTA) to graft poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) from the surface of the MOF using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). The polymer-coated MOFs were self-assembled at the air–water interface into monolayer films ~250 nm thick and capable of self-supporting at a total area of 40 mm². Mixed-particle films were prepared through the assembly of MOF mixtures, while multilayer films were achieved through sequential transfer of the monolayersmore »« less
Cited by 17
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SC03318A
“Structurally Neutral” Densely Packed Homopolymer-Adsorbed Chains for Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Thin Films

Journal Article Morimitsu, Yuma ; Salatto, Daniel ; Jiang, Naisheng ; ... - Macromolecules

In this work adsorbed chains composed of one of the constituent blocks can be used as a new surface modification approach to induce perpendicularly oriented lamellar microdomains in block copolymer thin films. A nearly symmetric polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-block-PMMA) diblock copolymer was used as a model. Densely packed PS- or PMMA-adsorbed chains of about 2–3 nm in thickness (“polymer nanocoatings”) were deposited on silicon (Si) substrates using a solvent-rinsing approach. Spin-cast films of 40 or 60 nm-thick PS-block-PMMA (equivalent to two or three interdomain spacings) were subsequently deposited onto the PS or PMMA nanocoatings. Grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering experiments revealedmore »« less
Cited by 9
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00597

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Extracting interface locations in multilayer polymer waveguide films using scanning angle Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

Citation Formats

Analysis of the dispersion of optical plastic materials journal, July 2007

Scanning angle Raman spectroscopy measurements of thin polymer films for thickness and composition analyses journal, March 2013

Stability and structure evolution in PMMA/SAN bilayer films upon solvent annealing journal, December 2016

Surface mixing morphology in bilayer-polymer films journal, May 1998

Plasmon Waveguide Resonance Raman Spectroscopy journal, September 2012

Thickness measurement of thin polymer films by total internal reflection Raman and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy journal, July 2012

Variable-angle internal-reflection Raman spectroscopy for depth-resolved vibrational characterization of polymer thin films journal, February 1998

Engineered hydrogen-bonded polymer multilayers: from assembly to biomedical applications journal, January 2011

Environmental assessment of a multilayer polymer bag for food packaging and preservation: An LCA approach journal, August 2014

Spectroscopic studies of thin film polymer laminates using Raman spectroscopy and integrated optics journal, December 1981

Advanced materials and processes for polymer solar cell devices journal, January 2010

Development of a scanning angle total internal reflection Raman spectrometer journal, April 2010

Interfacial Engineering for Enhanced Light Absorption and Charge Transfer of a Solution-Processed Bulk Heterojunction Based on Heptazole as a Small Molecule Type of Donor journal, March 2016

Partition and diffusion of volatile compounds from acrylic adhesives used for food packaging multilayers manufacturing journal, January 2010

Hydrogen-Bonded Hybrid Multilayers: Film Architecture Controls Release of Macromolecules journal, November 2008

Dynamics of Layer-by-Layer Growth of a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Studied in Situ Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy journal, September 2014

Suppression of Roughness Replication in Bilayer Films Prepared by Spin-Coating journal, January 2000

Near IR Scanning Angle Total Internal Reflection Raman Spectroscopy at Smooth Gold Films journal, April 2012

Characterization of a polyethylene–polyamide multilayer film using nanoscale infrared spectroscopy and imaging journal, January 2016

Scanning Angle Plasmon Waveguide Resonance Raman Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Thin Polystyrene Films journal, November 2012

Active pseudo-multilayered films from polycaprolactone and starch based matrix for food-packaging applications journal, June 2013

Characterization of multilayer polymer structures by micro-raman and micro-FTIR spectroscopies journal, March 1992

Covalent Cross-Linked Polymer/Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Multilayer Films journal, April 2005

Confocal Raman Microscopy: Why the Depth Resolution and Spatial Accuracy Can Be Much Worse Than You Think journal, October 2000

Zwitter-Wettability and Antifogging Coatings with Frost-Resisting Capabilities journal, February 2013

Multi-layered mirrors fabricated by spin-coating organic polymers journal, February 2007

AFM–IR: Combining Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy for Nanoscale Chemical Characterization journal, December 2012

2,2′-Bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole)-Based π-Conjugated Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaics with Exceeding 8% and Its Molecular Weight Dependence of Device Performance journal, January 2017

Multilayer polymer light guides integrated with refractive microlenses and liquid by micromolding and inkjet printing journal, June 2016

Instabilities of PS/PMMA Bilayer Patterns with a Corrugated Surface and Interface journal, February 2012

Deformable Antireflection Coatings from Polymer and Nanoparticle Multilayers journal, October 2006

Scanning Angle Raman Spectroscopy of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Films on Indium Tin Oxide, Gold, and Sapphire Surfaces journal, August 2013

High angular-resolution automated visible-wavelength scanning angle Raman microscopy journal, October 2014

Photovoltaic Cells Based on Sequentially Adsorbed Multilayers of Conjugated Poly( p -phenylene ethynylene)s and a Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivative † journal, October 2005

Degradation Patterns in Water and Oxygen of an Inverted Polymer Solar Cell journal, December 2010

Applications of AFM-IR—Diverse Chemical Composition Analyses at Nanoscale Spatial Resolution journal, November 2012

Wedging Transfer of Nanostructures journal, May 2010

Methodology for Quantitative Measurements of Multilayer Polymer Thin Films with IR Spectroscopic Ellipsometry journal, July 2009

Polymer electrolyte bilayer films with photorechargeable battery characteristics journal, November 1996

A Hybrid Tandem Solar Cell Combining a Dye-Sensitized and a Polymer Solar Cell journal, June 2016

Raman scattering of thin films as a waveguide journal, May 1974

Efficient Tandem Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated by All-Solution Processing journal, July 2007

Application of scanning angle Raman spectroscopy for determining the location of buried polymer interfaces with tens of nanometer precision journal, January 2015

Raman Spectroscopy of Thin Polymer Films Using Integrated Optical Techniques journal, November 1979

Efficient bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells using small-molecular-weight organic thin films journal, September 2003

Scanning angle Raman spectroscopy: A nondestructive method for simultaneously determining mixed polymer fractional composition and film thickness journal, December 2016

Analysis of Thin-Film Polymers Using Attenuated Total Internal Reflection–Raman Microspectroscopy journal, February 2015

Tandem polymer solar cells featuring a spectrally matched low-bandgap polymer journal, February 2012

In Situ ATR FTIR Spectroscopic Study of the Formation and Hydration of a Fucoidan/Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Multilayer journal, October 2015

Analysis of the dispersion of optical plastic materials
journal, July 2007

Scanning angle Raman spectroscopy measurements of thin polymer films for thickness and composition analyses
journal, March 2013

Stability and structure evolution in PMMA/SAN bilayer films upon solvent annealing
journal, December 2016

Surface mixing morphology in bilayer-polymer films
journal, May 1998

Plasmon Waveguide Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
journal, September 2012

Thickness measurement of thin polymer films by total internal reflection Raman and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy
journal, July 2012

Variable-angle internal-reflection Raman spectroscopy for depth-resolved vibrational characterization of polymer thin films
journal, February 1998

Engineered hydrogen-bonded polymer multilayers: from assembly to biomedical applications
journal, January 2011

Environmental assessment of a multilayer polymer bag for food packaging and preservation: An LCA approach
journal, August 2014

Spectroscopic studies of thin film polymer laminates using Raman spectroscopy and integrated optics
journal, December 1981

Advanced materials and processes for polymer solar cell devices
journal, January 2010

Development of a scanning angle total internal reflection Raman spectrometer
journal, April 2010

Interfacial Engineering for Enhanced Light Absorption and Charge Transfer of a Solution-Processed Bulk Heterojunction Based on Heptazole as a Small Molecule Type of Donor
journal, March 2016

Partition and diffusion of volatile compounds from acrylic adhesives used for food packaging multilayers manufacturing
journal, January 2010

Hydrogen-Bonded Hybrid Multilayers: Film Architecture Controls Release of Macromolecules
journal, November 2008

Dynamics of Layer-by-Layer Growth of a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Studied in Situ Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy
journal, September 2014

Suppression of Roughness Replication in Bilayer Films Prepared by Spin-Coating
journal, January 2000

Near IR Scanning Angle Total Internal Reflection Raman Spectroscopy at Smooth Gold Films
journal, April 2012

Characterization of a polyethylene–polyamide multilayer film using nanoscale infrared spectroscopy and imaging
journal, January 2016

Scanning Angle Plasmon Waveguide Resonance Raman Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Thin Polystyrene Films
journal, November 2012

Active pseudo-multilayered films from polycaprolactone and starch based matrix for food-packaging applications
journal, June 2013

Characterization of multilayer polymer structures by micro-raman and micro-FTIR spectroscopies
journal, March 1992

Covalent Cross-Linked Polymer/Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Multilayer Films
journal, April 2005

Confocal Raman Microscopy: Why the Depth Resolution and Spatial Accuracy Can Be Much Worse Than You Think
journal, October 2000

Zwitter-Wettability and Antifogging Coatings with Frost-Resisting Capabilities
journal, February 2013

Multi-layered mirrors fabricated by spin-coating organic polymers
journal, February 2007

AFM–IR: Combining Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy for Nanoscale Chemical Characterization
journal, December 2012

2,2′-Bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole)-Based π-Conjugated Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaics with Exceeding 8% and Its Molecular Weight Dependence of Device Performance
journal, January 2017

Multilayer polymer light guides integrated with refractive microlenses and liquid by micromolding and inkjet printing
journal, June 2016

Instabilities of PS/PMMA Bilayer Patterns with a Corrugated Surface and Interface
journal, February 2012

Deformable Antireflection Coatings from Polymer and Nanoparticle Multilayers
journal, October 2006

Scanning Angle Raman Spectroscopy of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Films on Indium Tin Oxide, Gold, and Sapphire Surfaces
journal, August 2013

High angular-resolution automated visible-wavelength scanning angle Raman microscopy
journal, October 2014

Photovoltaic Cells Based on Sequentially Adsorbed Multilayers of Conjugated Poly( p -phenylene ethynylene)s and a Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivative ^†
journal, October 2005

Degradation Patterns in Water and Oxygen of an Inverted Polymer Solar Cell
journal, December 2010

Applications of AFM-IR—Diverse Chemical Composition Analyses at Nanoscale Spatial Resolution
journal, November 2012

Wedging Transfer of Nanostructures
journal, May 2010

Methodology for Quantitative Measurements of Multilayer Polymer Thin Films with IR Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
journal, July 2009

Polymer electrolyte bilayer films with photorechargeable battery characteristics
journal, November 1996

A Hybrid Tandem Solar Cell Combining a Dye-Sensitized and a Polymer Solar Cell
journal, June 2016

Raman scattering of thin films as a waveguide
journal, May 1974

Efficient Tandem Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated by All-Solution Processing
journal, July 2007

Application of scanning angle Raman spectroscopy for determining the location of buried polymer interfaces with tens of nanometer precision
journal, January 2015

Raman Spectroscopy of Thin Polymer Films Using Integrated Optical Techniques
journal, November 1979

Efficient bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells using small-molecular-weight organic thin films
journal, September 2003

Scanning angle Raman spectroscopy: A nondestructive method for simultaneously determining mixed polymer fractional composition and film thickness
journal, December 2016

Analysis of Thin-Film Polymers Using Attenuated Total Internal Reflection–Raman Microspectroscopy
journal, February 2015

Tandem polymer solar cells featuring a spectrally matched low-bandgap polymer
journal, February 2012

In Situ ATR FTIR Spectroscopic Study of the Formation and Hydration of a Fucoidan/Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Multilayer
journal, October 2015