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Title: Polarization transfer observables in elastic electron-proton scattering at Q2 = 2.5 , 5.2, 6.8, and 8.5  GeV 2

Abstract

In this paper, interest in the behavior of nucleon electromagnetic form factors at large momentum transfers has steadily increased since the discovery, using polarization observables, of the rapid decrease of the ratio GpE/GpM of the proton's electric and magnetic form factors for momentum transfers Q2 ≳ 1 GeV2, in strong disagreement with previous extractions of this ratio using the traditional Rosenbluth separation technique. The GEp-III and GEp-2$$\gamma$$ experiments were carried out in Jefferson Lab's (JLab's) Hall C from 2007-2008, to extend the knowledge of $$G_E^p/G_M^p$$ to the highest practically achievable $Q^2$ and to search for effects beyond the Born approximation in polarization transfer observables of elastic $$\vec{e}p$$ scattering. This article reports an expanded description of the common experimental apparatus and data analysis procedure, and the results of a final reanalysis of the data from both experiments, including the previously unpublished results of the full-acceptance data of the GEp-2$$\gamma$$ experiment. The Hall C High Momentum Spectrometer detected and measured the polarization of protons recoiling elastically from collisions of JLab's polarized electron beam with a liquid hydrogen target. A large-acceptance electromagnetic calorimeter detected the elastically scattered electrons in coincidence to suppress inelastic backgrounds. The final GEp-III data are largely unchanged relative to the originally published results. The statistical uncertainties of the final GEp-2$$\gamma$$ data are significantly reduced at $$\epsilon = 0.632$$ and $0.783$ relative to the original publication. The decrease with $Q^2$ of $$G_E^p/G_M^p$$ continues to $Q^2 = 8.5$ GeV$^2$, but at a slowing rate relative to the approximately linear decrease observed in earlier Hall A measurements. At $Q^2 = 2.5$ GeV$^2$, the proton form factor ratio $$G_E^p/G_M^p$$ shows no statistically significant $$\epsilon$$-dependence, as expected in the Born approximation. The ratio $$P_\ell/P_\ell^{Born}$$ of the longitudinal polarization transfer component to its Born value shows an enhancement of roughly 1.7\% at $$\epsilon = 0.783$$ relative to $$\epsilon = 0.149$$, with $$\approx 2.2\sigma$$ significance based on the total uncertainty, implying a similar effect in the transverse component $$P_t$$ that cancels in the ratio $$R$$.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [3];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [15];  [16];  [3] more »;  [17];  [18];  [19];  [20];  [9];  [13];  [10];  [3];  [8];  [21];  [22];  [13];  [17];  [23];  [3];  [23];  [3];  [13];  [23];  [3];  [15];  [24];  [22];  [11];  [25];  [3];  [6];  [3];  [4];  [15]; ORCiD logo [18];  [26];  [9];  [6];  [21];  [20];  [9];  [22];  [27];  [9];  [13];  [28];  [19];  [22];  [13];  [29];  [3];  [22];  [30];  [12];  [12];  [15];  [31];  [13];  [32];  [33];  [23];  [34];  [19];  [20];  [19];  [27];  [20];  [11];  [17];  [13];  [13];  [12];  [22];  [35];  [20];  [20];  [3];  [22];  [11];  [13];  [36];  [22];  [19];  [3];  [3];  [9];  [20];  [4];  [4];  [13];  [15] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (United States)
  2. Christopher Newport Univ., Newport News, VA (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
  3. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
  4. Lanzhou Univ., Gansu (People's Republic of China)
  5. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States)
  6. Norfolk State Univ., Norfolk, VA (United States)
  7. George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States)
  8. North Carolina A&T State Univ., Greensboro, NC (United States)
  9. Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)
  10. California State Univ. Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
  11. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  12. Yerevan Physics Inst. (YerPhI), Yerevan (Armenia)
  13. Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
  14. Duquesne Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
  15. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  16. CNRS/IN2P3 and Univ. Paris-Sud (France)
  17. Florida Intl Univ., Miami, FL (United States)
  18. Univ. of Regina, Regina, SK (Canada)
  19. Christopher Newport Univ., Newport News, VA (United States)
  20. JINR-LHE, Moscow Region (Russia)
  21. Ohio Univ., Athens, OH (United States)
  22. IHEP, Moscow Region (Russia)
  23. Sezione Sanita and Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome (Italy)
  24. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)
  25. Univ. of Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom)
  26. Christopher Newport Univ. Newport News, VA (United States)
  27. Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)
  28. California State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
  29. Univ. of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (South Africa)
  30. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  31. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  32. Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States)
  33. Univ. of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia (Bulgaria)
  34. Univ. of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv (Israel)
  35. Univ. of Ljubljana, Ljubljana (Slovenia); Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana (Slovenia)
  36. CNRS/IN2P3 and Univ. Paris-Sud (France); DSM, IRFU, SPhN, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (United States); Mississippi State Univ., Starkville, MS (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada
OSTI Identifier:
1406995
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1407450; OSTI ID: 1409061; OSTI ID: 1410521; OSTI ID: 1411040; OSTI ID: 1830319
Report Number(s):
JLAB-PHY-17-2533; DOE/OR/23177-4207; arXiv:1707.08587
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; PRVCAN; TRN: US1703268
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0014230; FG02-07ER41528; AC02-06CH11357; AC05-06OR23177; AC02-76SF00515; AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review C
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 96; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Proton form factors; Charge distributions; Form factors; Nuclear charge distribution; Particle interactions

Citation Formats

Puckett, Andrew J. R., Brash, E. J., Jones, M. K., Luo, W., Meziane, M., Pentchev, L., Perdrisat, C. F., Punjabi, V., Wesselmann, F. R., Afanasev, A., Ahmidouch, A., Albayrak, I., Aniol, K. A., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Baghdasaryan, H., Benmokhtar, F., Bertozzi, W., Bimbot, L., Bosted, P., Boeglin, W., Butuceanu, C., Carter, P., Chernenko, S., Christy, M. E., Commisso, M., Cornejo, J. C., Covrig, S., Danagoulian, S., Daniel, A., Davidenko, A., Day, D., Dhamija, S., Dutta, D., Ent, R., Frullani, S., Fenker, H., Frlez, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Goncharenko, Y., Hafidi, K., Hamilton, D., Higinbotham, D. W., Hinton, W., Horn, T., Hu, B., Huang, J., Huber, G. M., Jensen, E., Keppel, C., Khandaker, M., King, P., Kirillov, D., Kohl, M., Kravtsov, V., Kumbartzki, G., Li, Y., Mamyan, V., Margaziotis, D. J., Marsh, A., Matulenko, Y., Maxwell, J., Mbianda, G., Meekins, D., Melnik, Y., Miller, J., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Moreno, O., Mulholland, J., Narayan, A., Nedev, S., Nuruzzaman, ., Piasetzky, E., Pierce, W., Piskunov, N. M., Prok, Y., Ransome, R. D., Razin, D. S., Reimer, P., Reinhold, J., Rondon, O., Shabestari, M., Shahinyan, A., Shestermanov, K., Sirca, S., Sitnik, I., Smykov, L., Smith, G., Solovyev, L., Solvignon, P., Subedi, R., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Vasiliev, A., Veilleux, M., Wojtsekhowski, B. B., Wood, S., Ye, Z., Zanevsky, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., and Zhu, L. Polarization transfer observables in elastic electron-proton scattering at Q2=2.5, 5.2, 6.8, and 8.5 GeV2. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.96.055203.
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Puckett, Andrew J. R., Brash, E. J., Jones, M. K., Luo, W., Meziane, M., Pentchev, L., Perdrisat, C. F., Punjabi, V., Wesselmann, F. R., Afanasev, A., Ahmidouch, A., Albayrak, I., Aniol, K. A., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Baghdasaryan, H., Benmokhtar, F., Bertozzi, W., Bimbot, L., Bosted, P., Boeglin, W., Butuceanu, C., Carter, P., Chernenko, S., Christy, M. E., Commisso, M., Cornejo, J. C., Covrig, S., Danagoulian, S., Daniel, A., Davidenko, A., Day, D., Dhamija, S., Dutta, D., Ent, R., Frullani, S., Fenker, H., Frlez, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Goncharenko, Y., Hafidi, K., Hamilton, D., Higinbotham, D. W., Hinton, W., Horn, T., Hu, B., Huang, J., Huber, G. M., Jensen, E., Keppel, C., Khandaker, M., King, P., Kirillov, D., Kohl, M., Kravtsov, V., Kumbartzki, G., Li, Y., Mamyan, V., Margaziotis, D. J., Marsh, A., Matulenko, Y., Maxwell, J., Mbianda, G., Meekins, D., Melnik, Y., Miller, J., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Moreno, O., Mulholland, J., Narayan, A., Nedev, S., Nuruzzaman, ., Piasetzky, E., Pierce, W., Piskunov, N. M., Prok, Y., Ransome, R. D., Razin, D. S., Reimer, P., Reinhold, J., Rondon, O., Shabestari, M., Shahinyan, A., Shestermanov, K., Sirca, S., Sitnik, I., Smykov, L., Smith, G., Solovyev, L., Solvignon, P., Subedi, R., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Vasiliev, A., Veilleux, M., Wojtsekhowski, B. B., Wood, S., Ye, Z., Zanevsky, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., & Zhu, L. Polarization transfer observables in elastic electron-proton scattering at Q2=2.5, 5.2, 6.8, and 8.5 GeV2. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.055203
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Puckett, Andrew J. R., Brash, E. J., Jones, M. K., Luo, W., Meziane, M., Pentchev, L., Perdrisat, C. F., Punjabi, V., Wesselmann, F. R., Afanasev, A., Ahmidouch, A., Albayrak, I., Aniol, K. A., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Baghdasaryan, H., Benmokhtar, F., Bertozzi, W., Bimbot, L., Bosted, P., Boeglin, W., Butuceanu, C., Carter, P., Chernenko, S., Christy, M. E., Commisso, M., Cornejo, J. C., Covrig, S., Danagoulian, S., Daniel, A., Davidenko, A., Day, D., Dhamija, S., Dutta, D., Ent, R., Frullani, S., Fenker, H., Frlez, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Goncharenko, Y., Hafidi, K., Hamilton, D., Higinbotham, D. W., Hinton, W., Horn, T., Hu, B., Huang, J., Huber, G. M., Jensen, E., Keppel, C., Khandaker, M., King, P., Kirillov, D., Kohl, M., Kravtsov, V., Kumbartzki, G., Li, Y., Mamyan, V., Margaziotis, D. J., Marsh, A., Matulenko, Y., Maxwell, J., Mbianda, G., Meekins, D., Melnik, Y., Miller, J., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Moreno, O., Mulholland, J., Narayan, A., Nedev, S., Nuruzzaman, ., Piasetzky, E., Pierce, W., Piskunov, N. M., Prok, Y., Ransome, R. D., Razin, D. S., Reimer, P., Reinhold, J., Rondon, O., Shabestari, M., Shahinyan, A., Shestermanov, K., Sirca, S., Sitnik, I., Smykov, L., Smith, G., Solovyev, L., Solvignon, P., Subedi, R., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Vasiliev, A., Veilleux, M., Wojtsekhowski, B. B., Wood, S., Ye, Z., Zanevsky, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., and Zhu, L. Mon . "Polarization transfer observables in elastic electron-proton scattering at Q2=2.5, 5.2, 6.8, and 8.5 GeV2". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.055203. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1406995.
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@article{osti_1406995,
title = {Polarization transfer observables in elastic electron-proton scattering at Q2=2.5, 5.2, 6.8, and 8.5 GeV2},
author = {Puckett, Andrew J. R. and Brash, E. J. and Jones, M. K. and Luo, W. and Meziane, M. and Pentchev, L. and Perdrisat, C. F. and Punjabi, V. and Wesselmann, F. R. and Afanasev, A. and Ahmidouch, A. and Albayrak, I. and Aniol, K. A. and Arrington, J. and Asaturyan, A. and Baghdasaryan, H. and Benmokhtar, F. and Bertozzi, W. and Bimbot, L. and Bosted, P. and Boeglin, W. and Butuceanu, C. and Carter, P. and Chernenko, S. and Christy, M. E. and Commisso, M. and Cornejo, J. C. and Covrig, S. and Danagoulian, S. and Daniel, A. and Davidenko, A. and Day, D. and Dhamija, S. and Dutta, D. and Ent, R. and Frullani, S. and Fenker, H. and Frlez, E. and Garibaldi, F. and Gaskell, D. and Gilad, S. and Gilman, R. and Goncharenko, Y. and Hafidi, K. and Hamilton, D. and Higinbotham, D. W. and Hinton, W. and Horn, T. and Hu, B. and Huang, J. and Huber, G. M. and Jensen, E. and Keppel, C. and Khandaker, M. and King, P. and Kirillov, D. and Kohl, M. and Kravtsov, V. and Kumbartzki, G. and Li, Y. and Mamyan, V. and Margaziotis, D. J. and Marsh, A. and Matulenko, Y. and Maxwell, J. and Mbianda, G. and Meekins, D. and Melnik, Y. and Miller, J. and Mkrtchyan, A. and Mkrtchyan, H. and Moffit, B. and Moreno, O. and Mulholland, J. and Narayan, A. and Nedev, S. and Nuruzzaman, . and Piasetzky, E. and Pierce, W. and Piskunov, N. M. and Prok, Y. and Ransome, R. D. and Razin, D. S. and Reimer, P. and Reinhold, J. and Rondon, O. and Shabestari, M. and Shahinyan, A. and Shestermanov, K. and Sirca, S. and Sitnik, I. and Smykov, L. and Smith, G. and Solovyev, L. and Solvignon, P. and Subedi, R. and Tomasi-Gustafsson, E. and Vasiliev, A. and Veilleux, M. and Wojtsekhowski, B. B. and Wood, S. and Ye, Z. and Zanevsky, Y. and Zhang, X. and Zhang, Y. and Zheng, X. and Zhu, L.},
abstractNote = {In this paper, interest in the behavior of nucleon electromagnetic form factors at large momentum transfers has steadily increased since the discovery, using polarization observables, of the rapid decrease of the ratio GpE/GpM of the proton's electric and magnetic form factors for momentum transfers Q2 ≳ 1 GeV2, in strong disagreement with previous extractions of this ratio using the traditional Rosenbluth separation technique. The GEp-III and GEp-2$\gamma$ experiments were carried out in Jefferson Lab's (JLab's) Hall C from 2007-2008, to extend the knowledge of $G_E^p/G_M^p$ to the highest practically achievable $Q^2$ and to search for effects beyond the Born approximation in polarization transfer observables of elastic $\vec{e}p$ scattering. This article reports an expanded description of the common experimental apparatus and data analysis procedure, and the results of a final reanalysis of the data from both experiments, including the previously unpublished results of the full-acceptance data of the GEp-2$\gamma$ experiment. The Hall C High Momentum Spectrometer detected and measured the polarization of protons recoiling elastically from collisions of JLab's polarized electron beam with a liquid hydrogen target. A large-acceptance electromagnetic calorimeter detected the elastically scattered electrons in coincidence to suppress inelastic backgrounds. The final GEp-III data are largely unchanged relative to the originally published results. The statistical uncertainties of the final GEp-2$\gamma$ data are significantly reduced at $\epsilon = 0.632$ and $0.783$ relative to the original publication. The decrease with $Q^2$ of $G_E^p/G_M^p$ continues to $Q^2 = 8.5$ GeV$^2$, but at a slowing rate relative to the approximately linear decrease observed in earlier Hall A measurements. At $Q^2 = 2.5$ GeV$^2$, the proton form factor ratio $G_E^p/G_M^p$ shows no statistically significant $\epsilon$-dependence, as expected in the Born approximation. The ratio $P_\ell/P_\ell^{Born}$ of the longitudinal polarization transfer component to its Born value shows an enhancement of roughly 1.7\% at $\epsilon = 0.783$ relative to $\epsilon = 0.149$, with $\approx 2.2\sigma$ significance based on the total uncertainty, implying a similar effect in the transverse component $P_t$ that cancels in the ratio $R$.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.96.055203},
journal = {Physical Review C},
number = 5,
volume = 96,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 06 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Mon Nov 06 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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High-precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msub><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math> at low <mml:math altimg="si2.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msup><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>
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