Insulator to metal transition in WO3 induced by electrolyte gating
Abstract
Tungsten oxide and its associated bronzes (compounds of tungsten oxide and an alkali metal) are well known for their interesting optical and electrical characteristics. We have modified the transport properties of thin WO3 films by electrolyte gating using both ionic liquids and polymer electrolytes. We are able to tune the resistivity of the gated film by more than five orders of magnitude, and a clear insulator-to-metal transition is observed. To clarify the doping mechanism, we have performed a series of incisive operando experiments, ruling out both a purely electronic effect (charge accumulation near the interface) and oxygen-related mechanisms. We propose instead that hydrogen intercalation is responsible for doping WO3 into a highly conductive ground state and provide evidence that it can be described as a dense polaronic gas.
- Authors:
-
[2];
[4];
[9]
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Nanyang Technological Univ. (Singapore). Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Jozef Stefan Institute (Slovenia)
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland)
- Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
- Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Nanyang Technological Univ. (Singapore). Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland)
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1376146
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-114087-2017-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 2397-4648; R&D Project: MA509MACA; KC0203020
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- npj Quantum Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 2; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2397-4648
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
Citation Formats
Leng, X., Pereiro, J., Strle, J., Dubuis, G., Bollinger, A. T., Gozar, A., Wu, J., Litombe, N., Panagopoulos, C., Pavuna, D., and Božović, I. Insulator to metal transition in WO3 induced by electrolyte gating. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41535-017-0039-2.
Leng, X., Pereiro, J., Strle, J., Dubuis, G., Bollinger, A. T., Gozar, A., Wu, J., Litombe, N., Panagopoulos, C., Pavuna, D., & Božović, I. Insulator to metal transition in WO3 induced by electrolyte gating. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-017-0039-2
Leng, X., Pereiro, J., Strle, J., Dubuis, G., Bollinger, A. T., Gozar, A., Wu, J., Litombe, N., Panagopoulos, C., Pavuna, D., and Božović, I. Mon .
"Insulator to metal transition in WO3 induced by electrolyte gating". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-017-0039-2. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1376146.
@article{osti_1376146,
title = {Insulator to metal transition in WO3 induced by electrolyte gating},
author = {Leng, X. and Pereiro, J. and Strle, J. and Dubuis, G. and Bollinger, A. T. and Gozar, A. and Wu, J. and Litombe, N. and Panagopoulos, C. and Pavuna, D. and Božović, I.},
abstractNote = {Tungsten oxide and its associated bronzes (compounds of tungsten oxide and an alkali metal) are well known for their interesting optical and electrical characteristics. We have modified the transport properties of thin WO3 films by electrolyte gating using both ionic liquids and polymer electrolytes. We are able to tune the resistivity of the gated film by more than five orders of magnitude, and a clear insulator-to-metal transition is observed. To clarify the doping mechanism, we have performed a series of incisive operando experiments, ruling out both a purely electronic effect (charge accumulation near the interface) and oxygen-related mechanisms. We propose instead that hydrogen intercalation is responsible for doping WO3 into a highly conductive ground state and provide evidence that it can be described as a dense polaronic gas.},
doi = {10.1038/s41535-017-0039-2},
journal = {npj Quantum Materials},
number = 1,
volume = 2,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jul 03 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Jul 03 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 70 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Normal and superconducting properties of W
journal, March 1981
- Cadwell, L. H.; Morris, R. C.; Moulton, W. G.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 23, Issue 5
The W5+ polaron in crystalline low temperature WO3 ESR and optical absorption
journal, January 1980
- Schirmer, O. F.; Salje, E.
- Solid State Communications, Vol. 33, Issue 3
Possible nucleation of a 2D superconducting phase on WO single crystals surface doped with Na
journal, May 1999
- Reich, S.; Tsabba, Y.
- The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Insulator-to-metal transition in ZnO by electric double layer gating
journal, August 2007
- Shimotani, Hidekazu; Asanuma, Haruhiko; Tsukazaki, Atsushi
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 8
Electron spin resonance and magnetic susceptibility suggest superconductivity in Na doped WO samples
journal, October 1999
- Shengelaya, A.; Reich, S.; Tsabba, Y.
- The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 12, Issue 1
Suppression of Metal-Insulator Transition in VO2 by Electric Field-Induced Oxygen Vacancy Formation
journal, March 2013
- Jeong, J.; Aetukuri, N.; Graf, T.
- Science, Vol. 339, Issue 6126
Purely electronic mechanism of electrolyte gating of indium tin oxide thin films
journal, August 2016
- Leng, X.; Bollinger, A. T.; Božović, I.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
A correlated nickelate synaptic transistor
journal, October 2013
- Shi, Jian; Ha, Sieu D.; Zhou, You
- Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Superconductor–insulator transition in La2 − xSr x CuO4 at the pair quantum resistance
journal, April 2011
- Bollinger, A. T.; Dubuis, G.; Yoon, J.
- Nature, Vol. 472, Issue 7344
Electronic Transport in Amorphous
journal, July 1977
- Crandall, Richard S.; Faughnan, Brian W.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 4
Control of Emergent Properties at a Correlated Oxide Interface with Graphene
journal, February 2015
- Zhou, You; Park, Jungwon; Shi, Jian
- Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 3
Tuning the metal-insulator crossover and magnetism in SrRuO3 by ionic gating
journal, October 2014
- Yi, Hee Taek; Gao, Bin; Xie, Wei
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Electrostatic gating of metallic and insulating phases in SmNiO 3 ultrathin films
journal, May 2013
- Ha, Sieu D.; Vetter, Ulrich; Shi, Jian
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 18
Two-dimensional metal-insulator transition as a strong localization induced crossover phenomenon
journal, June 2014
- Das Sarma, S.; Hwang, E. H.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 23
Electrolyte-Gated WO 3 Transistors: Electrochemistry, Structure, and Device Performance
journal, September 2015
- Meng, Xiang; Quenneville, Francis; Venne, Frédéric
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 37
Special Phonons and Superconductivity in the Hexagonal Tungsten Bronzes
journal, November 1979
- Kamitakahara, W. A.; Scharnberg, K.; Shanks, H. R.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 21
Relaxation dynamics of ionic liquid—VO 2 interfaces and influence in electric double-layer transistors
journal, April 2012
- Zhou, You; Ramanathan, Shriram
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 111, Issue 8
Electrostatic Control of the Evolution from a Superconducting Phase to an Insulating Phase in Ultrathin Films
journal, July 2011
- Leng, Xiang; Garcia-Barriocanal, Javier; Bose, Shameek
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 2
Synthesis and ionic liquid gating of hexagonal WO 3 thin films
journal, January 2015
- Wu, Phillip M.; Ishii, Satoshi; Tanabe, Kenji
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 4
Superconductivity of Sodium Tungsten Bronzes
journal, December 1964
- Raub, Ch. J.; Sweedler, A. R.; Jensen, M. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 25
High- T c superconductivity in nanostructured Na x WO 3− y : sol–gel route
journal, October 2008
- Aliev, Ali E.
- Superconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 11
Solid‐state thin‐film memistor for electronic neural networks
journal, March 1990
- Thakoor, S.; Moopenn, A.; Daud, T.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 67, Issue 6
Liquid-gated interface superconductivity on an atomically flat film
journal, November 2009
- Ye, J. T.; Inoue, S.; Kobayashi, K.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 2
Gate-tunable gigantic lattice deformation in VO 2
journal, January 2014
- Okuyama, D.; Nakano, M.; Takeshita, S.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 2
Normal and superconducting properties of
journal, November 1979
- Skokan, M. R.; Moulton, W. G.; Morris, R. C.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 20, Issue 9
A transparent electrochromic metal-insulator switching device with three-terminal transistor geometry
journal, May 2016
- Katase, Takayoshi; Onozato, Takaki; Hirono, Misako
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Collective bulk carrier delocalization driven by electrostatic surface charge accumulation
journal, July 2012
- Nakano, M.; Shibuya, K.; Okuyama, D.
- Nature, Vol. 487, Issue 7408
Facet-Independent Electric-Field-Induced Volume Metallization of Tungsten Trioxide Films
journal, May 2016
- Altendorf, Simone G.; Jeong, Jaewoo; Passarello, Donata
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 26
Deposited Cr 2 O 3 as a Barrier in a Solid State WO 3 Electrochromic Cell
journal, November 1977
- Inoue, Eiichi; Kawaziri, Kazuhiro; Izawa, Akira
- Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 11
Photoinduced IR absorption in WO 3 : determination of the polaron binding energy
journal, October 2001
- Mertelj, T.; Mihailovic, D.
- The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 23, Issue 3
Room-Temperature-Protonation-Driven On-Demand Metal-Insulator Conversion of a Transition Metal Oxide
journal, June 2015
- Katase, Takayoshi; Endo, Kenji; Tohei, Tetsuya
- Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 7
Electrostatic modification of novel materials
journal, November 2006
- Ahn, C. H.; Bhattacharya, A.; Di Ventra, M.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 78, Issue 4, p. 1185-1212
Electric-field-induced superconductivity in electrochemically etched ultrathin FeSe films on SrTiO3 and MgO
journal, November 2015
- Shiogai, J.; Ito, Y.; Mitsuhashi, T.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 1
Electric-field-induced superconductivity in an insulator
journal, October 2008
- Ueno, K.; Nakamura, S.; Shimotani, H.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 11, p. 855-858
Phase Diagram of Electrostatically Doped
journal, April 2011
- Lee, Yeonbae; Clement, Colin; Hellerstedt, Jack
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 13, Article No. 136809
Dual field effects in electrolyte-gated spinel ferrite: electrostatic carrier doping and redox reactions
journal, July 2014
- Ichimura, Takashi; Fujiwara, Kohei; Tanaka, Hidekazu
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Amorphous Transition Metal Oxides
journal, October 1981
- Livage, J.
- Le Journal de Physique Colloques, Vol. 42, Issue C4
Distinct Substrate Effect on the Reversibility of the Metal-Insulator Transitions in Electrolyte-Gated VO 2 Thin Films
journal, May 2015
- Nakano, Masaki; Okuyama, Daisuke; Shibuya, Keisuke
- Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 7
A Novel Electrophotographic System
journal, January 1969
- Deb, S. K.
- Applied Optics, Vol. 8, Issue S1
Electrochemical gating-induced reversible and drastic resistance switching in VO2 nanowires
journal, November 2015
- Sasaki, Tsubasa; Ueda, Hiroki; Kanki, Teruo
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Response of the double-layer capacitance of a high-temperature superconductor/fluid electrolyte interface to the onset of superconductivity
journal, August 1992
- Peck, Stephen R.; Curtin, Larry S.; McDevitt, John T.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 114, Issue 17
Superconductivity of some new hexagonal tungsten bronzes
journal, January 1966
- Bierstedt, P. E.; Bither, T. A.; Darnell, F. J.
- Solid State Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Works referencing / citing this record:
Programmable Electrofluidics for Ionic Liquid Based Neuromorphic Platform
journal, July 2019
- Boldman, Walker L.; Zhang, Cheng; Ward, Thomas Z.
- Micromachines, Vol. 10, Issue 7
The dimensional crossover of quantum transport properties in few-layered Bi 2 Se 3 thin films
journal, January 2019
- Yang, Liang; Wang, Zhenhua; Li, Mingze
- Nanoscale Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 6
Hydrogenation Dynamics of Electrically Controlled Metal–Insulator Transition in Proton‐Gated Transparent and Flexible WO 3 Transistors
journal, June 2019
- Xu, Dong‐Dong; Deng, Xing; Zhao, Yi‐Feng
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 34
Reversible and nonvolatile manipulation of the electronic transport properties of topological insulators by ferroelectric polarization switching
journal, October 2018
- Zhao, Xu-Wen; Dong, Si-Ning; Gao, Guan-Yin
- npj Quantum Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Electrolyte-Gated Oxides
journal, November 2019
- Bollinger, Anthony T.; Dubuis, Guy; Leng, Xiang
- Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, Vol. 33, Issue 1
Programmable Electrofluidics for Ionic Liquid Based Neuromorphic Platform
journal, July 2019
- Boldman, Walker L.; Zhang, Cheng; Ward, Thomas Z.
- Micromachines, Vol. 10, Issue 7
Tungsten oxide ion-gated phototransistors using ionic liquid and aqueous gating media
journal, May 2019
- De Oliveira Silva, Gabriel Vinicius; Subramanian, Arunprabaharan; Meng, Xiang
- Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 30
Nanoscale Topotactic Phase Transformation in SrFeO x Epitaxial Thin Films for High‐Density Resistive Switching Memory
journal, October 2019
- Tian, Junjiang; Wu, Haijun; Fan, Zhen
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 49
Nanostructured tungsten oxide thin film devices: from optoelectronics and ionics to iontronics
journal, January 2019
- Hai, Zhenyin; Wei, Zihan; Xue, Chenyang
- Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 42
Magneto-ionic control of magnetism using a solid-state proton pump
journal, November 2018
- Tan, Aik Jun; Huang, Mantao; Avci, Can Onur
- Nature Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 1
Fast operation of a WO 3 -based solid-state electrochromic transistor
journal, February 2019
- Onozato, Takaki; Nezu, Yukio; Cho, Hai Jun
- AIP Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 2
Wide-voltage-window reversible control of electronic transport in electrolyte-gated epitaxial
journal, July 2019
- Wang, Helin; Walter, Jeff; Ganguly, Koustav
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 7
In Situ Monitoring of Lateral Hydrogen Diffusion in Amorphous and Polycrystalline WO 3 Thin Films
journal, January 2018
- Burkhardt, Simon; Elm, Matthias T.; Lani-Wayda, Bernhard
- Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 5, Issue 6
Dynamic Field Modulation of the Octahedral Framework in Metal Oxide Heterostructures
journal, October 2018
- Liu, Huajun; Dong, Yongqi; Xu, Dongwei
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 52
Artificial Synapses Emulated by an Electrolyte-Gated Tungsten-Oxide Transistor
journal, July 2018
- Yang, Jing-Ting; Ge, Chen; Du, Jian-Yu
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 34
Electrolyte-based ionic control of functional oxides
journal, December 2018
- Leighton, Chris
- Nature Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 1
Ion-gel-gating-induced oxygen vacancy formation in epitaxial films from in operando x-ray and neutron scattering
journal, December 2017
- Walter, Jeff; Yu, Guichuan; Yu, Biqiong
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 7
Anomalous Defect Dependence of Thermal Conductivity in Epitaxial WO 3 Thin Films
journal, September 2019
- Ning, Shuai; Huberman, Samuel C.; Ding, Zhiwei
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 43
Density functional theory of superconductivity in doped tungsten oxides
journal, June 2019
- Pellegrini, Camilla; Glawe, Henning; Sanna, Antonio
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 6
Gate-Induced Massive and Reversible Phase Transition of VO 2 Channels Using Solid-State Proton Electrolytes
journal, July 2018
- Jo, Minguk; Lee, Hyeon Jun; Oh, Chadol
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 39