Plasma Facing Components with Capillary Porous System and Liquid Metal Coolant Flow

Khodak, Andrei; Maingi, Rajesh

doi:10.11578/1888272

Title: Plasma Facing Components with Capillary Porous System and Liquid Metal Coolant Flow

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Abstract

Liquid metal can create a renewable protective surface on plasma facing components (PFC), with an additional advantage of deuterium pumping and the prospect of tritium extraction if liquid lithium (LL) is used and maintained below 450 C, the temperature above which LL vapor pressure begins to contaminate the plasma. LM can also be utilized as an efficient coolant, driven by the Lorentz force created with the help of the magnetic field in fusion devices. Capillary porous systems can serve as a conduit of LM and simultaneously provide stabilization of the LM flow, protecting against spills into the plasma. Recently a combination of a fast-flowing LM cooling system with a porous plasma facing wall (CPSF) was investigated [Khodak and Maingi (2021)]. The system takes an advantage of a magnetohydrodynamics velocity profile, as well as attractive LM properties to promote efficient heat transfer from the plasma to the LL at low pumping energy cost, relative to the incident heat flux on the PFC. In case of a disruption leading to excessive heat flux from the plasma to the LM PFCs, LL evaporation can stabilize the PFC surface temperature, due to high evaporation heat and apparent vapor shielding. The proposed CPSF was optimizedmore »« less

Authors:

Khodak, Andrei; Maingi, Rajesh

Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

Publication Date:: Mon Jun 27 04:00:00 UTC 2022

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

Research Org.:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Subject:: High Heat Flux; Numerical Analysis; Plasma Facing Components

OSTI Identifier:: 1888272

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.11578/1888272

Citation Formats


                    Khodak, Andrei, and Maingi, Rajesh. Plasma Facing Components with Capillary Porous System and Liquid Metal Coolant Flow.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
        Web.  doi:10.11578/1888272.

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                    Khodak, Andrei, & Maingi, Rajesh. Plasma Facing Components with Capillary Porous System and Liquid Metal Coolant Flow.  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.11578/1888272

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                    Khodak, Andrei, and Maingi, Rajesh. 2022.  
"Plasma Facing Components with Capillary Porous System and Liquid Metal Coolant Flow".  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.11578/1888272.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1888272. Pub date:Mon Jun 27 04:00:00 UTC 2022

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@article{osti_1888272,

  title        = {Plasma Facing Components with Capillary Porous System and Liquid Metal Coolant Flow},

  author       = {Khodak, Andrei and Maingi, Rajesh},

  abstractNote = {Liquid metal can create a renewable protective surface on plasma facing components (PFC), with an additional advantage of deuterium pumping and the prospect of tritium extraction if liquid lithium (LL) is used and maintained below 450 C, the temperature above which LL vapor pressure begins to contaminate the plasma. LM can also be utilized as an efficient coolant, driven by the Lorentz force created with the help of the magnetic field in fusion devices. Capillary porous systems can serve as a conduit of LM and simultaneously provide stabilization of the LM flow, protecting against spills into the plasma. Recently a combination of a fast-flowing LM cooling system with a porous plasma facing wall (CPSF) was investigated [Khodak and Maingi (2021)]. The system takes an advantage of a magnetohydrodynamics velocity profile, as well as attractive LM properties to promote efficient heat transfer from the plasma to the LL at low pumping energy cost, relative to the incident heat flux on the PFC. In case of a disruption leading to excessive heat flux from the plasma to the LM PFCs, LL evaporation can stabilize the PFC surface temperature, due to high evaporation heat and apparent vapor shielding. The proposed CPSF was optimized analytically for the conditions of a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility [Kessel et al. (2019)]: 10T toroidal field and 10 MW/m2 peak incident heat flux. Computational fluid dynamics analysis confirmed that a CPSF system with 2.5 mm square channels can pump enough LL so that no additional coolant is needed.},

  doi          = {10.11578/1888272},

  journal      = {},

  number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Jun 27 04:00:00 UTC 2022},

  month        = {Mon Jun 27 04:00:00 UTC 2022}

}

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.11578/1888272

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Plasma facing components with capillary porous system and liquid metal coolant flow

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Liquid metal can create a renewable protective surface on plasma facing components (PFC), with an additional advantage of deuterium pumping and the prospect of tritium extraction if liquid lithium (LL) is used and maintained below 450 °C, the temperature above which LL vapor pressure begins to contaminate the plasma. LM can also be utilized as an efficient coolant, driven by the Lorentz force created with the help of the magnetic field in fusion devices. Capillary porous systems can serve as a conduit of LM and simultaneously provide stabilization of the LM flow, protecting against spills into the plasma. Recently, a combinationmore »« less
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