Plasma facing components with capillary porous system and liquid metal coolant flow

Khodak, Andrei; Maingi, Rajesh

doi:10.1063/5.0088015

Plasma facing components with capillary porous system and liquid metal coolant flow

Journal Article · Fri Jul 22 04:00:00 EDT 2022 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0088015· OSTI ID:1888523

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Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Liquid metal can create a renewable protective surface on plasma facing components (PFC), with an additional advantage of deuterium pumping and the prospect of tritium extraction if liquid lithium (LL) is used and maintained below 450 °C, the temperature above which LL vapor pressure begins to contaminate the plasma. LM can also be utilized as an efficient coolant, driven by the Lorentz force created with the help of the magnetic field in fusion devices. Capillary porous systems can serve as a conduit of LM and simultaneously provide stabilization of the LM flow, protecting against spills into the plasma. Recently, a combination of a fast-flowing LM cooling system with a porous plasma facing wall (CPSF) was investigated [A. Khodak and R. Maingi, Nucl. Mater. Energy 26, 100935 (2021)]. The system takes an advantage of a magnetohydrodynamics velocity profile as well as attractive LM properties to promote efficient heat transfer from the plasma to the LL at low pumping energy cost, relative to the incident heat flux on the PFC. In the case of a disruption leading to excessive heat flux from the plasma to the LM PFCs, LL evaporation can stabilize the PFC surface temperature, due to high evaporation heat and apparent vapor shielding. The proposed CPSF was optimized analytically for the conditions of a fusion nuclear science facility [Kessel et al., Fusion Sci. Technol. 75, 886 (2019)]: 10 T toroidal field and 10 MW/m² peak incident heat flux. Finally, computational fluid dynamics analysis confirmed that a CPSF system with 2.5 mm square channels can pump enough LL so that no additional coolant is needed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 1888523

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1877453

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Journal Name: Physics of Plasmas Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 29; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Plasma Facing Components with Capillary Porous System and Liquid Metal Coolant Flow Khodak, Andrei; Maingi, Rajesh Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States) https://doi.org/10.11578/1888272	dataset	January 2022

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