Highly efficient blue organic light emitting device using indium-free transparent anode Ga:ZnO with scalability for large area coating

Journal Article · Mon Feb 15 04:00:00 EST 2010 · Journal of Applied Physics, 107(4):043103

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3282526· OSTI ID:978957

Wang, Liang ^[1]; Matson, Dean W; Polikarpov, Evgueni; Swensen, James S; Bonham, Charles C; Cosimbescu, Lelia; Berry, J J; Ginley, D S; Gaspar, Daniel J; Padmaperuma, Asanga B

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1. Frank

The availability of economically-produced and environmentally-stable transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coatings is critical for the development of a variety of electronic devices requiring transparent electrodes. Such devices include liquid crystal display pixels and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs),[1, 2] solar cell applications,[3, 4] and electrically heated windows.[5, 6] The materials fulfilling these requirements are usually wide band gap inorganic transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). Tin-doped indium oxide, or ITO, has traditionally been used for electronic TCO applications because of its low resistivity, high work function and transparency. Due to the increasing cost and limited supply of indium and its tendency to migrate in to the device, there has been increasing research interest to substitute ITO with an indium-free material. A number of alternative metal oxides and doped oxides have been evaluated as TCO materials with varying degrees of success.[7, 8] Among these alternatives to ITO, gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) [2, 9] and aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) [10, 11] have drawn particular attention. These materials have been demonstrated to have resistivities and transparencies approaching those of the best ITO, low toxicity, and much lower materials cost. Although AZO is attractive as a TCO electrode material, GZO features a greater resistance to oxidation as a result of gallium’s greater electronegativity compared to Submitted to 2 aluminum.[12, 13

• Research Organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (US)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-76RL01830
• OSTI ID: 978957
• Report Number(s): PNNL-SA-66289; 830403000
• Journal Information: Journal of Applied Physics, 107(4):043103, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Physics, 107(4):043103 Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 107; ISSN JAPIAU; ISSN 0021-8979
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

14 SOLAR ENERGY
ALUMINIUM
ANODES
AVAILABILITY
COATINGS
ELECTRODES
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
INDIUM
INDIUM OXIDES
LIGHT EMITTING DIODES
LIQUID CRYSTALS
OXIDATION
OXIDES
SOLAR CELLS
TOXICITY
WINDOWS
WORK FUNCTIONS
ZINC OXIDES
blue OLED
Transparent Conductive Oxide
Ga doped ZnO
Firpic
Sputtering