Small engine emissions and their impact
In an attempt to characterize emissions from small air-cooled utility engines, five gasoline-fueled models were operated over a variety of speeds and loads, and important exhaust constituents were measured. These emissions included hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, aldehydes, light hydrocarbons, particulates, and smoke. Emissions of sulfur oxides were estimated on the basis of the fuel consumed; evaporative losses of HC were also estimated. The impact of small engine emissions was calculated on the basis of the test results and information on national engine populations and usage. The 50 million or more small engines currently being used account for only a small part of the pollution from all sources. As percentages of the 1970 totals from all sources, small engines appear to nationally account for approximately 0.4% of HC, 0.8% of CO, 0.06% of nitrogen oxides, 0.004% of SO/sub x/, and 0.01% of particulates. As percentages of 1970 mobile source emissions, small engines are responsible for about 0.7% of HC, 1.0% of CO, 0.1% of NO/sub x/, 0.2% of SO/sub x/, and 0.5% of particulates. About 6% of the small engine emissions occur in the northern region, 52% in the central region, and 42% in the southern region. The emission factors for small engines under different load conditions and for different engine applications such as lawn and garden work are discussed.
- OSTI ID:
- 7346676
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
330700* -- Advanced Propulsion Systems-- Emission Control
ALDEHYDES
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
ELEMENTS
ENGINES
EVAPORATION
EXHAUST GASES
FLUIDS
FUELS
GASEOUS WASTES
GASOLINE
HYDROCARBONS
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
NONMETALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARTICLES
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
SPARK IGNITION ENGINES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR OXIDES
TESTING
WASTES