Exhaust emissions from 2-stroke outboard motors and their impact
To characterize the exhaust emissions from water-cooled 2-stroke outboard motors, four new motors were tested on dynamometer stands. The engines ranged from 4 to 65 hp in size, and operating conditions were chosen along lines of simulated boat loading. All the measurements were taken at steady-state conditions. Emissions were measured in the raw exhaust gas and after the gases had been bubbled through water in a specially constructed tank. Constituents measured included hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen oxides, oxygen, light hydrocarbons, and aldehydes. Emissions of sulfur oxides were estimated on the basis of fuel consumed. All the exhaust emissions data were used with available information on population and usage of motors to estimate exhaust emission factors and national exhaust emissions impact. The study did not address the fate of pollutants in either air or water as a function of residence time, nor did it include any assessment of environmental effects due to outboard emissions. As percentages of revised 1970 national air pollutants from all sources, outboard atmospheric emissions account for about 1 percent of HC, 0.9 percent of CO, 0.008 percent of NO/sub x/, and 0.004 percent of SO/sub x/. Expressed as percentages of revised 1970 totals for mobile sources only, outboards account for about 2 percent of HC, 1 percent of CO, 0.02 percent of NO/sub x/, and 0.1 percent of SO/sub x/.
- OSTI ID:
- 7157170
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
330700* -- Advanced Propulsion Systems-- Emission Control
AIR POLLUTION
ALDEHYDES
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
DYNAMOMETERS
ELEMENTS
ENGINES
EXHAUST GASES
FLUIDS
GASEOUS WASTES
HYDROCARBONS
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
NONMETALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
SPARK IGNITION ENGINES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR OXIDES
TESTING
WASTES