CIOS evaluation report 70: Gelsenberg, A. G. [340,000 tons/yr gasoline at 100,000 tons/yr propane and butane]

Technical Report · Fri Jun 08 04:00:00 EDT 1945

OSTI ID:7220556

Cockram, C

Gelsenberg had been hydrogenating bituminous coal (at 700 atm pressure), as well as tar oils, mainly middle oils. The resulting gasoline and middle oils were treated in the vapor phase at 300 atm, producing gasoline of 55 percent volatility at 100/sup 0/, F.B.P. 155 to 160/sup 0/C, and clear octane number of 72. This product was similar to that made at Scholven before the introduction of the DHD process. Gelsenberg had no DHD or iso-octane plants. Yields increased from 0.16 kg/l/hr at 300 atm to 0.25 kg/l/hr at 700 atm. The plant started production in June, 1939, with a capacity of 150,000 tons per year of gasoline. It was enlarged in steps until by the end of 1942 it was capable of producing 340,000 tons per year of gasoline and 100,000 tons per year of propane and butane for automobile fuel. Hydrogen for the process was produced from water, gas, and other sources. At peak production, the plant probably used 100,000 kilowatts of electricity. In the liquid phase, the catalyst consisted of iron (2) sulfate (1.2 percent) on carbonization coke and Bayermasse (1.5 percent) on dry coal. Sodium sulfide (0.3 percent) on dry coal was used to remove chlorine. The catalysts in the vapor phase were 5058 for saturation and 6434 for cracking. A short experiment using catalyst 7019 under aromatizing conditions gave a gasoline of 50 percent aromatics content, similar to DHD gasoline, but at 300 atm the catalyst had a short life, so the experiment was not repeated. A major early problem at the plant under 700 atm was bursting of preheater tubes operating at 520/sup 0/C. The tubes were made of N10 material, a chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten alloy steel. The problem was reduced by the use of paste interchangers to allow a reduction of operating temperatures in the preheaters, even though this forced a reduction in the percentage of coal which could be incorporated in the paste.

• Research Organization: Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee
• OSTI ID: 7220556
• Report Number(s): CIOS-A1007-1142-1145
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010403 -- Coal & Coal Products-- Hydrogenation-- (-1987)
010405* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction
010600 -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Properties & Composition
ALKANES
ANTIKNOCK RATINGS
BITUMINOUS COAL
BLACK COAL
BUTANE
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CATALYSTS
CHEMICAL REACTION YIELD
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COAL
COAL LIQUEFACTION PLANTS
COAL TAR OILS
ENERGY SOURCES
EVALUATION
FAILURES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GASOLINE
GERMANY
HEATERS
HIGH PRESSURE
HIGH TEMPERATURE
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
HYDROGENATION
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
IRON COMPOUNDS
IRON SULFATES
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PIPES
PRODUCTION
PROPANE
RUPTURES
SULFATES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
YIELDS