American security and the international energy situation. Volume II. World energy and the security of supply. Final report

Technical Report · Tue Apr 15 04:00:00 EDT 1975

OSTI ID:7119232

Arad, U B; Smernoff, B J

In this volume the primary intent is to uncover the objective functional relationship between import and export dependencies as they affect the reliability of supply in the past and the future. Until recently, under the aegis of American hegemony, and due to the role the oil multinationals played, both oil-exporting and oil-importing countries exhibited a sufficiently high degree of dependence on the trade in oil to bring about a symmetry in their reciprocal conditions. The manipulation of oil supplies during the 1956-57 and 1967 Middle East crises was ineffective as an instrument of international influence due to the particular balanced form of interdependence. Beginning in 1970, the rise of OPEC against the background of American decline disrupted the fragile symmetry and caused a widening disequilibrium between oil importers and exporters. The scope of remedial policies to restructure the energy system so as to enhance its security is surveyed in the last two chapters. Two cooperative strategies are analyzed: horizontal multilateralism and vertical bilateralism. The study concludes that either of two unilateral approaches are more likely to characterize future events in the energy area than complex cooperative arrangements. (GRA)

• Research Organization: Hudson Inst., Inc., Croton-on-Hudson, NY (USA)
• OSTI ID: 7119232
• Report Number(s): AD-A-028479; HI-2239-RR-Vol-2
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

02 PETROLEUM
020000 -- Petroleum
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY
290200 -- Energy Planning & Policy-- Economics & Sociology
293000 -- Energy Planning & Policy-- Policy
Legislation
& Regulation
294002* -- Energy Planning & Policy-- Petroleum
AGREEMENTS
BILATERAL AGREEMENTS
ECONOMIC POLICY
ENERGY SOURCES
ENERGY SUPPLIES
FOREIGN POLICY
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GLOBAL ASPECTS
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
MARKET
NATIONAL DEFENSE
NORTH AMERICA
OPEC
PETROLEUM
SECURITY
TRADE
USA