Biology and pathology of oxygen radicals
Journal Article
·
· Ann. Intern. Med.; (United States)
Superoxide radicals (O/sup -//sub 2/) are commonplace products of the biological reduction of oxygen. Their intrinsic reactivity and ability to generate other more reactive entities constitute a threat to cellular integrity. Superoxide dismutases, enzymes that catalytically scavenge these radicals, have evolved to meet this threat. These metalloenzymes are essential for respiring organisms to survive. Several compounds, such as the antibiotic streptonigrin and the herbicide paraquat, augment the production rate of O/sup -//sub 2/ inside cells. This accounts for the oxygen-enhancement of their lethality. Some bacteria respond to this artificially increased rate of O/sup -//sub 2/ production by synthesizing additional superoxide dismutase. Ionizing radiation generates O/sup -//sub 2/ in its passage through oxygenated aqueous media, and superoxide dismutase, added to the suspending medium, decreases the oxygen-enhancement of the lethality of such irradiation of the bacterium Escherichia coli. Production of O/sup -//sub 2/ by activated neutrophils is clinically significant, since it is an important component of the bactericidal actions of these cells and the inflammatory process. Superoxide dismutases exert an anti-inflammatory action that may be useful in managing inflammations.
- OSTI ID:
- 7086738
- Journal Information:
- Ann. Intern. Med.; (United States), Journal Name: Ann. Intern. Med.; (United States) Vol. 89:1; ISSN AIMEA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
550900 -- Pathology
560131* -- Radiation Effects on Microorganisms-- Basic Studies-- (-1987)
560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
BLOOD
BLOOD CELLS
BODY FLUIDS
DISEASES
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ENZYMES
ESCHERICHIA COLI
INFLAMMATION
IONIZING RADIATIONS
IRRADIATION
LEUKOCYTES
MICROORGANISMS
NEUTROPHILS
OXIDOREDUCTASES
OXYGEN ENHANCEMENT RATIO
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIATIONS
RADICALS
RADIOINDUCTION
RADIOSENSITIVITY EFFECTS
SUPEROXIDE RADICALS
X RADIATION
560131* -- Radiation Effects on Microorganisms-- Basic Studies-- (-1987)
560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
BLOOD
BLOOD CELLS
BODY FLUIDS
DISEASES
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ENZYMES
ESCHERICHIA COLI
INFLAMMATION
IONIZING RADIATIONS
IRRADIATION
LEUKOCYTES
MICROORGANISMS
NEUTROPHILS
OXIDOREDUCTASES
OXYGEN ENHANCEMENT RATIO
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIATIONS
RADICALS
RADIOINDUCTION
RADIOSENSITIVITY EFFECTS
SUPEROXIDE RADICALS
X RADIATION